Provided by: regina-normal-mpi_5.1-6ubuntu1_amd64 
NAME
tricensus-mpi - Distribute a triangulation census amongst several machines using MPI
SYNOPSIS
tricensus-mpi [ -D, --depth=levels ] [ -x, --dryrun ] [ -2, --dim2 | -4, --dim4 ] [ -o, --orientable |
-n, --nonorientable ] [ -f, --finite | -d, --ideal ] [ -m, --minimal | -M, --minprime | -N, --minprimep2
| -h, --minhyp ] [ -s, --sigs ] pairs-file output-file-prefix
CAUTION
The MPI utilities in Regina are deprecated, and will be removed from Regina in a future release. If you
wish to parallelise the generation of a census, we recommend splitting up the input pairing files into
chunks, and using typical queue systems (such as PBS) to parallelise.
DESCRIPTION
Allows multiple processes, possibly running on a cluster of different machines, to collaborate in forming
a census of 2-, 3- or 4-manifold triangulations. Coordination is done through MPI (the Message Passing
Interface), and the entire census is run as a single MPI job. This program is well suited for high-
performance clusters.
The default behaviour is to enumerate 3-manifold triangulations. If you wish to enumerate 2-manifold or
4-manifold triangulations instead, you must pass --dim2 or --dim4 respectively.
To prepare a census for distribution amongst several processes or machines, the census must be split into
smaller pieces. Running tricensus with option --genpairs (which is very fast) will create a list of
facet pairings (e.g., tetrahedron face pairings for 3-manifold triangulations, triangle edge pairings for
2-manifold triangulations, and so on). Each facet pairing must be analysed in order to complete the
census.
The full list of facet pairings should be stored in a single file, which is passed on the command-line as
pairs-file. This file must contain one facet pairing per line, and each of these facet pairings must be
in canonical form (i.e., must be a minimal representative of its isomorphism class). The facet pairings
generated by tricensus --genpairs are guaranteed to satisfy these conditions.
The tricensus-mpi utility has two modes of operation: default mode, and subsearch mode. These are
explained separately under modes of operation below.
In both modes, one MPI process acts as the controller and the remaining processes all act as slaves. The
controller reads the list of facet pairings from pairs-file, constructs a series of tasks based on these,
and farms these tasks out to the slaves for processing. Each slave processes one task at a time, asking
the controller for a new task when it is finished with the previous one.
At the end of each task, if any triangulations were found then the slave responsible will save these
triangulations to an output file. The output file will have a name of the form output-file-prefix_p.rga
in default mode or output-file-prefix_p-s.rga in subsearch mode. Here output-file-prefix is passed on
the command line, p is the number of the facet pairing being processed, and s is the number of the
subsearch within that facet pairing (both facet pairings and subsearches are numbered from 1 upwards).
If no triangulations were found then the slave will not write any output file at all.
The controller and slave processes all take the same tricensus-mpi options (excluding MPI-specific
options, which are generally supplied by an MPI wrapper program such as mpirun or mpiexec). The
different roles of the processes are determined solely by their MPI process rank (the controller is
always the process with rank 0). It should therefore be possible to start all MPI processes by running a
single command, as illustrated in the examples below.
As the census progresses, the controller keeps a detailed log of each slave's activities, including how
long each slave task has taken and how many triangulations have been found. This log is written to the
file output-file-prefix.log. The utility tricensus-mpi-status can parse this log and produce a shorter
human-readable summary.
Important: It is highly recommended that you use the --sigs option. This will keep output files
small, and will significantly reduce the memory footprint of tricensus-mpi itself.
MODES OF OPERATION
As discussed above, there are two basic modes of operation. These are default mode (used when --depth is
not passed), and subsearch mode (used when --depth is passed).
• In default mode, the controller simply reads the list of facet pairings and gives each pairing to a
slave for processing, one after another.
• In subsearch mode, more work is pushed to the controller and the slave tasks are shorter. Here the
controller reads one facet pairing at a time and begins processing that facet pairing. A fixed depth
is supplied in the argument --depth; each time that depth is reached in the search tree, the subsearch
from that point on is given as a task to the next idle slave. Meanwhile the controller backtracks (as
though the subsearch had finished) and continues, farming the next subsearch out when the given depth
is reached again, and so on.
The modes can be visualised as follows. For each facet pairing, consider the corresponding recursive
search as a large search tree. In default mode, the entire tree is processed at once as a single slave
task. In subsearch mode, each subtree rooted at the given depth is processed as a separate slave task
(and all processing between the root and the given depth is done by the controller).
The main difference between the different modes of operation is the lengths of the slave tasks, which can
have a variety of effects.
• In default mode the slave tasks are quite long. This means the parallelisation can become very poor
towards the end of the census, with some slaves sitting idle for a long time as they wait for the
remaining slaves to finish.
• As we move to subsearch mode with increasing depth, the slave tasks become shorter and the slaves'
finish times will be closer together (thus avoiding the idle slave inefficiency described above).
Moreover, with a more refined subsearch, the progress information stored in the log will be more
detailed, giving a better idea of how long the census has to go. On the other hand, more work is
pushed to the single-process controller (risking a bottleneck if the depth is too great, with slaves
now sitting idle as they wait for new tasks). In addition the MPI overhead is greater, and the number
of output files can become extremely large.
In the end, experimentation is the best way to decide whether to run in subsearch mode and at what depth.
Be aware of the option --dryrun, which can give a quick overview of the search space (and in particular,
show how many subsearches are required for each facet pairing at any given depth).
OPTIONS
The census options accepted by tricensus-mpi are identical to the options for tricensus See the tricensus
reference for details.
Some options from tricensus are not available here (e.g., tetrahedra and boundary options), since these
must be supplied earlier on when generating the initial list of facet pairings.
There are new options specific to tricensus-mpi, which are as follows.
-D, --depth=levels
Indicates that subsearch mode should be used (instead of default mode). The argument levels
specifies at what depth in the search tree processing should pass from the controller to a new
slave task.
The given depth must be strictly positive (running at depth zero is equivalent to running in
default mode).
See the modes of operation section above for further information, as well as hints on choosing a
good value for levels.
-x, --dryrun
Specifies that a fast dry run should be performed, instead of a full census.
In a dry run, each time a slave accepts a task it will immediately mark it as finished with no
triangulations found. The behaviour of the controller remains unchanged.
The result will be an empty census. The benefit of a dry run is the log file it produces, which
will show precisely how facet pairings would be divided into subsearches in a real census run. In
particular, the log file will show how many subsearches each facet pairing produces (the utility
tricensus-mpi-status can help extract this information from the log).
At small subsearch depths, a dry run should be extremely fast. As the depth increases however,
the dry run will become slower due to the extra work given to the controller.
This option is only useful in subsearch mode (it can be used in default mode, but the results are
uninteresting). See the modes of operation section above for further details.
EXAMPLES
Suppose we wish to form a census of all 6-tetrahedron closed non-orientable 3-manifold triangulations,
optimised for prime minimal P2-irreducible triangulations (so some non-prime, non-minimal or non-
P2-irreducible triangulations may be omitted).
We begin by using tricensus to generate a full list of face pairings.
example$ tricensus --genpairs -t 6 -i > 6.pairs
Total face pairings: 97
example$
We now use tricensus-mpi to run the distributed census. A wrapper program such as mpirun or mpiexec can
generally be used to start the MPI processes, though this depends on your specific MPI implementation.
The following command runs a distributed census on 10 processors using the MPICH implementation of MPI.
example$ mpirun -np 10 /usr/bin/tricensus-mpi -Nnf 6.pairs 6-nor
example$
The current state of processing is kept in the controller log 6-nor.log. You can watch this log with the
help of tricensus-mpi-status.
example$ tricensus-mpi-status 6-nor.log
Pairing 1: done, 0 found
...
Pairing 85: done, 0 found
Pairing 86: done, 7 found
Pairing 87: running
Pairing 88: running
Still running, 15 found, last activity: Wed Jun 10 05:57:34 2009
example$
Once the census is finished, the resulting triangulations will be saved in files such as 6-nor_8.rga,
6-nor_86.rga and so on.
MACOS X AND WINDOWS USERS
This utility is not shipped with the drag-and-drop app bundle for MacOS X or with the Windows installer.
SEE ALSO
censuslookup, regconcat, sigcensus, tricensus, tricensus-mpi-status, regina-gui.
AUTHOR
This utility was written by Benjamin Burton <bab@maths.uq.edu.au>. Many people have been involved in the
development of Regina; see the users' handbook for a full list of credits.
14 December 2016 TRICENSUS-MPI(1)