Ubuntu Manpage: inn.conf - Configuration data for InterNetNews programs

NAME

       inn.conf - Configuration data for InterNetNews programs

DESCRIPTION

inn.conf in pathetc is the primary general configuration file for all InterNetNews
programs. Settings which control the general operation of various programs, as well as
the paths to all portions of the news installation, are found here. The INNCONF
environment variable, if set, specifies an alternate path to inn.conf.

This file is intended to be fairly static. Any changes made to it will generally not
affect any running programs until they restart. Unlike nearly every other configuration
file, inn.conf cannot be reloaded dynamically using ctlinnd(8); innd(8) must be stopped
and restarted for relevant changes to inn.conf to take effect ("ctlinnd xexec innd" is the
fastest way to do this.)

Blank lines and lines starting with a number sign ("#") are ignored. All other lines
specify parameters, and should be of the following form:

(Any amount of whitespace can be put after the colon and is optional.) If the value
contains embedded whitespace or any of the characters "[]<""\:>, it must be enclosed in
double quotes (""). A backslash ("\") can be used to escape quotes and backslashes inside
double quotes. <name> is case-sensitive; "server" is not the same as "Server" or
"SERVER". (inn.conf parameters are generally all in lowercase.)

If <name> occurs more than once in the file, the first value is used. Some parameters
specified in the file may be overridden by environment variables. Most parameters have
default values if not specified in inn.conf; those defaults are noted in the description
of each parameter.

Many parameters take a boolean value. For all such parameters, the value may be specified
as "true", "yes", or "on" to turn it on and may be any of "false", "no", or "off" to turn
it off. The case of these values is significant.

This documentation is extremely long and organized as a reference manual rather than as a
tutorial. If this is your first exposure to INN and these parameters, it would be better
to start by reading other man pages and referring to this one only when an inn.conf
parameter is explicitly mentioned. Those parameters which need to be changed when setting
up a new server are discussed in INSTALL.

PARAMETERS

General Settings
These parameters are used by a wide variety of different components of INN.

domain
This should be the domain name of the local host. It should not have a leading
period, and it should not be a full host address. It is used only if the
inn_getfqdn() routine in libinn(3) cannot get the fully qualified domain name by using
either the gethostname(3) or getaddrinfo(3) calls. The check is very simple; if
either routine returns a name with a period in it, then it is assumed to have the full
domain name. As this parameter is rarely used, do not use it to affect the righthand
side of autogenerated Message-IDs; see instead virtualhost and domain in
readers.conf(5). The default value is unset.

innflags
The flags to pass to innd on startup. See innd(8) for details on the possible flags.
The default value is unset.

Note that these flags are only used when innd is started from rc.news or nntpsend.

mailcmd
The path to the program to be used for mailing reports and control messages. The
default is pathbin/innmail. This should not normally need to be changed.

mta The command to use when mailing postings to moderators and for the use of innmail(1).
The message, with headers and an added To: header, will be piped into this program.
The string %s, if present, will be replaced by the e-mail address of the moderator.
It's strongly recommended for this command to include %s on the command line rather
than use the addresses in the To: and Cc: headers of the message, since the latter
approach allows the news server to be abused as a mechanism to send mail to arbitrary
addresses and will result in unexpected behavior. There is no default value for this
parameter; it must be set in inn.conf or a fatal error message will be logged via
syslog.

For most systems, "/usr/lib/sendmail -oi -oem %s" (adjusted for the correct path to
sendmail, and between double quotes) is a good choice.

pathhost
What to put into the Path: header to represent the local site. This is added to the
Path: header of all articles that pass through the system, including locally posted
articles, and is also used when processing some control messages and when naming the
server in status reports. There is no default value; this parameter must be set in
inn.conf or INN will not start. A good value to use is the fully qualified hostname
of the system.

runasgroup
The group under which the news server will run. The default is "news" (or the group
specified at configure time) and should not normally need to be changed.

runasuser
The user under which the news server will run. The default is "news" (or the user
specified at configure time) and should not normally need to be changed.

server
The name of the default NNTP server. If nnrpdposthost is not set and UNIX domain
sockets are not supported, nnrpd(8) tries to hand off locally-posted articles through
an INET domain socket to this server. actsync(8), nntpget(8), and getlist(8) also use
this value as the default server to connect to. In the latter cases, the value of the
NNTPSERVER environment variable, if it exists, overrides this. The default value is
unset.

syntaxchecks
A list of values controlling the level of checks performed by innd and nnrpd. For
instance:

syntaxchecks: [ no-laxmid ]

The last occurrence of a given value takes precedence, that is to say if "no-laxmid
laxmid" is listed, laxmid takes precedence.

Only one check can currently be enabled/disabled:

laxmid / no-laxmid
When laxmid is set, Message-IDs containing ".." in the left part are accepted, as
well as Message-IDs with two "@". Some non-compliant news posters generate such
syntactically invalid Message-IDs, especially in binary newsgroups. The default
is no-laxmid, that is to say INN strictly follows the standard regarding syntax
checks.

Feed Configuration
These parameters govern incoming and outgoing feeds: what size of articles are accepted,
what filtering and verification is performed on them, whether articles in groups not
carried by the server are still stored and propagated, and other similar settings.

artcutoff
Articles older than this number of days are dropped. The default value is 10, which
means that an incoming article will be rejected if its posting date is farther in the
past than ten days.

In order to disable that check on date, you can set this parameter to 0.

The number on the "/remember/" line in expire.ctl should probably be one more than
that number in order to take into account articles whose posting date is one day into
the future.

bindaddress
Which IP address innd(8) should bind itself to. This must be in dotted-quad format
(nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn). If set to "all" or not set, innd defaults to listening on all
interfaces. The value of the INND_BIND_ADDRESS environment variable, if set,
overrides this setting. The default value is unset.

bindaddress6
Like bindaddress but for IPv6 sockets. If only one of the bindaddress and bindaddress6
parameters is used, then only the socket for the corresponding address family is
created. If both parameters are used then two sockets are created. If neither of them
is used, the list of sockets to listen on will be determined by the system library
getaddrinfo(3) function. The value of the INND_BIND_ADDRESS6, if set, overrides this
setting. The default value is unset.

Note that you will generally need to put double quotes ("") around this value if you
set it, since IPv6 addresses contain colons.

dontrejectfiltered
Normally innd(8) rejects incoming articles when directed to do so by any enabled
article filters (Perl or Python). However, this parameter causes such articles not to
be rejected; instead filtering can be applied on outbound articles. If this parameter
is set, all articles will be accepted on the local machine, but articles rejected by
the filter will not be fed to any peers specified in newsfeeds with the "Af" flag.
The default value is false.

hiscachesize
If set to a value other than 0, a hash of recently received Message-IDs is kept in
memory to speed history lookups. The value is the amount of memory to devote to the
cache in kilobytes. The cache is only used for incoming feeds and a small cache can
hold quite a few Message-IDs, so large values aren't necessarily useful unless you
have incoming feeds that are badly delayed. innreport can provide useful statistics
regarding the use of the history cache, especially when it misses. A good value for a
system with more than one incoming feed is 256; systems with only one incoming feed
should probably set this to 0. The default value is 256.

ignorenewsgroups
Whether newsgroup creation control messages (newgroup and rmgroup) should be fed as if
they were posted to the newsgroup they are creating or deleting rather than to the
newsgroups listed in the Newsgroups: header. If this parameter is set, the newsgroup
affected by the control message will be extracted from the Control: header and the
article will be fed as if its Newsgroups: header contained solely that newsgroup.
This is useful for routing control messages to peers when they are posted to
irrelevant newsgroups that shouldn't be matched against the peer's desired newsgroups
in newsfeeds. This is a boolean value and the default is false.

immediatecancel
When using the timecaf storage method, article cancels are normally just cached to be
cancelled, not cancelled immediately. If this is set to true, they will instead by
cancelled as soon as the cancel is processed. This is a boolean value and the default
is false.

This setting is ignored unless the timecaf storage method is used.

linecountfuzz
If set to something other than 0, the line count of the article is checked against the
Lines: header of the article (if present) and the article is rejected if the values
differ by more than this amount. A reasonable setting is 5, which is the standard
maximum signature length plus one (some injection software calculates the Lines:
header before adding the signature). The default value is 0, which tells INN not to
check the Lines: header of incoming articles.

maxartsize
The maximum size of article (headers and body) that will be accepted by the server, in
bytes. A value of 0 allows any size of article, but note that innd will crash if
system memory is exceeded. The default value is 1000000 (approximately 1 MB). This
is checked against the article in wire format (CRLF at the end of each line, leading
periods protected, and with the trailing "\r\n.\r\n" at the end). See also
localmaxartsize.

maxconnections
The maximum number of incoming NNTP connections innd(8) will accept. The default
value is 50.

pathalias
If set, this value is prepended to the Path: header of accepted posts (before
pathhost) if it doesn't already appear in the Path: header. The main purpose of this
parameter is to configure all news servers within a particular organization to add a
common identity string to the Path: header. The default value is unset.

pathcluster
If set, this value is appended to the Path: header of accepted posts (after pathhost)
if it isn't already present as the last element of the Path: header. The main purpose
of this parameter is to make several news servers appear as one server. The default
value is unset.

Note that the Path: header reads right to left, so appended means inserted at the
leftmost side of the Path: header.

pgpverify
Whether to enable PGP verification of control messages other than cancel. This is a
boolean value and the default in the inn.conf sample file is based on whether
configure found pgp, pgpv, pgpgpg, gpgv, gpgv1, gpgv2, gpg, gpg1 or gpg2. Note that
if the parameter is not present in the configuration file, it defaults to false.

port
What TCP port innd(8) should listen on. The default value is 119, the standard NNTP
port.

refusecybercancels
Whether to refuse all articles whose message IDs start with "<cancel.". This message
ID convention is widely followed by spam cancellers, so the vast majority of such
articles will be cancels of spam. This check, if enabled, is done before the history
check and the message ID is not written to the history file. This is a boolean value
and the default is false.

This is a somewhat messy, inefficient, and inexact way of refusing spam cancels. A
much better way is to ask all of your upstream peers to not send to you any articles
with "cyberspam" in the Path: header (usually accomplished by having them mark
"cyberspam" as an alias for your machine in their feed configuration). The filtering
enabled by this parameter is hard-coded; general filtering of message IDs can be done
via the embedded filtering support.

remembertrash
By default, innd(8) records rejected articles in history so that, if offered the same
article again, it can be refused before it is sent. If you wish to disable this
behavior, set this to false. This can cause a substantial increase in the amount of
bandwidth consumed by incoming news if you have several peers and reject a lot of
articles, so be careful with it. Even if this is set to true, INN won't log some
rejected articles to history if there's reason to believe the article might be
accepted if offered by a different peer, so there is usually no reason to set this to
false (although doing so can decrease the size of the history file). This is a
boolean value and the default is true.

sourceaddress
Which local IP address to bind to for outgoing NNTP sockets (used by innxmit(8) among
other programs, as well as innfeed(8) as long as not overridden by bindaddress in
innfeed.conf(5)). This must be in dotted-quad format (nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn). If set to
"all", the operating system will choose the source IP address for outgoing
connections. The default value is unset.

sourceaddress6
Like sourceaddress but for IPv6 sockets. Note that you will generally need to put
double quotes ("") around this value if you set it, since IPv6 addresses contain
colons.

verifycancels
Set this to true to enable a simplistic check on all cancel messages, attempting to
verify (by simple header comparison) that at least one newsgroup in the cancel message
can be found in the article to be cancelled. This check can't be done if the cancel
arrives before the article does. This is a boolean value, and the default is false.

Note that RFC 5537 (USEPRO) mentions that "cancel control messages are not required to
contain From: and Sender: header fields matching the target message. This requirement
only encouraged cancel issuers to conceal their identity and provided no security".
This check is therefore not done as it is extremely easy to spoof.

verifygroups
Set this to true to reject incoming articles which contain an unknown newsgroup in the
whole list of newsgroups to which they are posted. In case wanttrash is set to true,
such articles will still be rejected. This is a boolean value, and the default is
false.

wanttrash
Set this to true if you want to file articles posted to unknown newsgroups (newsgroups
not in the active file) into the "junk" newsgroup rather than rejecting them. This is
sometimes useful for a transit news server that needs to propagate articles (according
to the setting of "Aj" in the newsfeeds feed pattern) in all newsgroups regardless if
they're carried locally. This is a boolean value and the default is false.

The logtrash parameter specifies whether such articles should be logged as posted to
unwanted newsgroups in the news log file.

wipcheck
If INN is offered an article by a peer on one channel, it will return deferral
responses (code 436) to all other offers of that article for this many seconds.
(After this long, if the peer that offered the article still hasn't sent it, it will
be accepted from other channels.) The default value is 5 and probably doesn't need to
be changed.

wipexpire
How long, in seconds, to keep track of message IDs offered on a channel before
expiring articles that still haven't been sent. The default value is 10 and probably
doesn't need to be changed.

History Settings
The following parameter affect the history database.

hismethod
Which history storage method to use. The only currently supported value is "hisv6".
There is no default value; this parameter must be set.

"hisv6"
Stores history data in the INN history v6 format: history(5) text file and a
number of dbz(3) database files; this may be in true history v6 format, or tagged
hash format, depending on the build options. Separation of these two is a project
which has not yet been undertaken.

Article Storage
These parameters affect how articles are stored on disk.

cnfscheckfudgesize
If set to a value other than 0, the claimed size of articles in CNFS cycbuffs is
checked against maxartsize plus this value, and if larger, the CNFS cycbuff is
considered corrupt. This can be useful as a sanity check after a system crash, but be
careful using this parameter if you have changed maxartsize recently. The default
value is 0.

enableoverview
Whether to write out overview data for articles. If set to false, INN will run much
faster, but reading news from the system will be impossible (the server will be for
news transit only). If this option is set to true, ovmethod must also be set. This
is a boolean value and the default is true.

extraoverviewadvertised
Besides the seven standard overview fields (which are in order "Subject:", "From:",
"Date:", "Message-ID:", "References:", ":bytes" and ":lines") and the eighth
"Xref:full" field required by INN in order to handle crossposts, it is possible to add
other fields in the overview database. This parameter expects a list of such header
names. Overview data for these additional headers will be generated for each new
article at the time of arrival. For instance, if you specify:

extraoverviewadvertised: [ Path Injection-Info ]

it implies that nnrpd will advertise "Path:full" and "Injection-Info:full" as the
ninth and tenth fields in response to LIST OVERVIEW.FMT and that these two headers
will be stored in the overview database for each new article.

The default value is an empty list (no additional fields are stored). Owing to
optimizations when innd parses the articles it receives, it is possible that all the
values in the list are not recognized by innd as standard headers. In such cases,
innd will log an error in news.err at startup and the unrecognized fields will be
discarded.

You should advertise only fields for which the overview database is consistent, that
is to say it records the content or absence of these fields for all articles,
including those already existing in the news spool. Consequently, if you decide to
add or remove a field from your overview database, you should either modify
extraoverviewadvertised and rebuild your overview database with makehistory(8) after
removing all existing overview files, or implement a transition period by first using
extraoverviewhidden as described below.

Use of a transition period can accommodate most overview reconfigurations, but certain
drastic changes may still require a complete overview rebuild.

If for instance you want to store the content of the To: header in addition to the
fields already stored above, you should use:

extraoverviewadvertised: [ Path Injection-Info ]
extraoverviewhidden: [ To ]

This way, "To:full" will not be advertised by nnrpd but will be stored for each new
article. Once you know that all articles in your overview database record the content
or absence of that new field (if expire.ctl(5) is parametered so that all your
articles expire within 30 days, you can assume the database is in such a state after
30 days -- however, note that time to expiration can be unpredictable with CNFS and
you then have to use "cnfsstat -a" for checking on when buffers have rolled over), you
should put:

extraoverviewadvertised: [ Path Injection-Info To ]
extraoverviewhidden: [ ]

The "To" value must be added at the end of the list because order matters and fields
mentioned in extraoverviewhidden are generated after those mentioned in
extraoverviewadvertised. nnrpd will now advertise "To:full" in response to the LIST
OVERVIEW.FMT command ("full" indicates that the header appears followed by its value).

Now suppose you want to remove the content of the Injection-Info: header from the
overview. As order matters, the overview database will no longer be consistent for
the To: header. Therefore, you need to specify:

extraoverviewadvertised: [ Path ]
extraoverviewhidden: [ To ]

And once overview data is accurate for all articles, you should use:

extraoverviewadvertised: [ Path To ]
extraoverviewhidden: [ ]

Note that you have to restart nnrpd if it runs as a daemon whenever you change the
value of extraoverviewadvertised; a mere "ctlinnd xexec innd" is not enough.

extraoverviewhidden
This parameter should be used in conjunction with extraoverviewadvertised (see above
for more details). It expects a list of headers names. Overview data for these
headers will be generated for each new article at the time of arrival but, contrary to
the fields mentioned in extraoverviewadvertised, nnrpd will not advertise them in
response to the LIST OVERVIEW.FMT command. It also implies that nnrpd will not look
in the overview database for fields mentioned in extraoverviewhidden when it handles
HDR, XHDR and XPAT requests; nnrpd will have to parse the headers of the requested
articles in the news spool, which is slower than directly querying the overview
database.

groupbaseexpiry
Whether to enable newsgroup-based expiry. If set to false, article expiry is done
based on storage class of storing method. If set to true (and overview information is
available), expiry is done by newsgroup name. This affects the format of expire.ctl.
This is a boolean value and the default is true.

mergetogroups
Whether to file all postings to "to.*" groups in the pseudonewsgroup "to". If this is
set to true, the newsgroup "to" must exist in the active file or INN will not start.
(See the discussion of "to." groups in innd(8) under CONTROL MESSAGES.) This is a
boolean value and the default is false.

nfswriter
For servers writing articles, determine whether the article spool is on NFS storage.
If set, INN attempts to flush articles to the spool in a more timely manner, rather
than relying on the operating system to flush things such as the CNFS article bitmaps.
You should only set this parameter if you are attempting to use a shared NFS spool on
a machine acting as a single writer within a cluster. This is a boolean value and the
default is false.

overcachesize
How many cache slots to reserve for open overview files. If INN is writing overview
files (see enableoverview), ovmethod is set to "tradindexed", and this is set to a
value other than 0, INN will keep around and open that many recently written-to
overview files in case more articles come in for those newsgroups. Every overview
cache slot consumes two file descriptors, so be careful not to set this value too
high. You may be able to use the "limit" command to see how many open file
descriptors your operating system allows. innd(8) also uses an open file descriptor
for each incoming feed and outgoing channel or batch file, and if it runs out of open
file descriptors, it may throttle and stop accepting new news. The default value is
128 (which is probably still too low if you have a large number of file descriptors
available).

This setting is ignored unless ovmethod is set to "tradindexed".

ovgrouppat
If set, restricts the overview data stored by INN to only the newsgroups matching this
comma-separated list of uwildmat(3) expressions. Newsgroups not matching this setting
may not be readable, and if groupbaseexpiry is set to true and the storage method for
these newsgroups does not have self-expire functionality, storing overview data will
fail. The default is unset.

ovmethod
Which overview storage method to use. Currently supported values are "tradindexed",
"buffindexed", and "ovdb". There is no default value; this parameter must be set if
enableoverview is true (the default).

"buffindexed"
Stores overview data and index information into buffers, which are preconfigured
files defined in buffindexed.conf. "buffindexed" never consumes additional disk
space beyond that allocated to these buffers.

"tradindexed"
Uses two files per newsgroup, one containing the overview data and one containing
the index. Fast for readers, but slow to write to.

"ovdb"
Stores data into a Berkeley DB database. See the ovdb(5) man page.

storeonxref
If set to true, articles will be stored based on the newsgroup names in the Xref:
header rather than in the Newsgroups: header. This affects what the patterns in
storage.conf apply to. The primary interesting effect of setting this to true is to
enable filing of all control messages according to what storage class the control
pseudogroups are filed in rather than according to the newsgroups the control messages
are posted to. This is a boolean value and the default is true.

If the tradspool article storage method is used, storeonxref must be true.

useoverchan
Whether to innd(8) should create overview data internally through libstorage(3). If
set to false, innd creates overview data by itself. If set to true, innd does not
create; instead overview data must be created by overchan(8) from an appropriate entry
in newsfeeds. Setting to true may be useful, if innd cannot keep up with incoming
feed and the bottleneck is creation of overview data within innd. This is a boolean
value and the default is false.

wireformat
Only used with the tradspool storage method, this says whether to write articles in
wire format. Wire format means storing articles with "\r\n" at the end of each line
and with periods at the beginning of lines doubled, the article format required by the
NNTP protocol. Articles stored in this format are suitable for sending directly to a
network connection without requiring conversion, and therefore setting this to true
can make the server more efficient. The primary reason not to set this is if you have
old existing software that looks around in the spool and doesn't understand how to
read wire format. Storage methods other than tradspool always store articles in wire
format. This is a boolean value and the default is true.

xrefslave
Whether to act as the slave of another server. If set, INN attempts to duplicate
exactly the article numbering of the server feeding it by looking at the Xref: header
of incoming articles and assigning the same article numbers to articles as was noted
in the Xref: header from the upstream server. The result is that clients should be
able to point at either server interchangeably (using some load balancing scheme, for
example) and see the same internal article numbering. Servers with this parameter set
should generally only have one upstream feed, and should always have nnrpdposthost set
to hand locally posted articles off to the master server. The upstream should be
careful to always feed articles in order (innfeed(8) can have problems with this in
the event of a backlog). This is a boolean value and the default is false.

Reading
These parameters affect the behavior of INN for readers. Most of them are used by
nnrpd(8). There are some special sets of settings that are broken out separately after
the initial alphabetized list.

Note that the two parameters nnrpperlauth and nnrppythonauth are now obsolete; see
"Changes to Perl Authentication Support for nnrpd" in doc/hook-perl and "Changes to Python
Authentication and Access Control Support for nnrpd" in doc/hook-python for more
information.

allownewnews
Whether to allow use of the NEWNEWS command by clients. This command used to put a
heavy load on the server in older versions of INN, but is now reasonably efficient, at
least if only one newsgroup is specified by the client. This is a boolean value and
the default is true. If you use the access parameter in readers.conf, be sure to read
about the way it overrides allownewnews.

articlemmap
Whether to attempt to mmap() articles. Setting this to true will give better
performance on most systems, but some systems have problems with mmap(). If this is
set to false, articles will be read into memory before being sent to readers. This is
a boolean value and the default is true.

clienttimeout
How long (in seconds) a client connection can be idle before it exits. When setting
this parameter, be aware that some newsreaders use the same connection for reading and
posting and don't deal well with the connection timing out while a post is being
composed. If the system isn't having a problem with too many long-lived connections,
it may be a good idea to increase this value to 3600 (an hour). The default value is
1800 (thirty minutes).

initialtimeout
How long (in seconds) nnrpd will wait for the first command from a reader connection
before dropping the connection. This is a defensive timeout intended to protect the
news server from badly behaved reader clients that open and abandon a multitude of
connections without every closing them. The default value is 10 (ten seconds), which
may need to be increased if many clients connect via slow network links.

msgidcachesize
How many cache slots to reserve for message-IDs to storage token translations. When
serving overview data to clients (NEWNEWS, OVER, etc.), nnrpd(8) can cache the storage
token associated with a message-ID and save the cost of looking it up in the history
file; for some configurations, setting this parameter can save more than 90% of the
wall clock time for a session. The default value is 64000.

nfsreader
For servers reading articles, determine whether the article spool is on NFS storage.
If set, INN will attempt to force articles and overviews to be read directly from the
NFS spool rather than from cached copies. You should only set this parameter if you
are attempting to use a shared NFS spool on a machine acting as a reader within a
cluster. This is a boolean value and the default is false.

nfsreaderdelay
If nfsreader is set, INN will use the value of nfsreaderdelay to delay the apparent
arrival time of articles to clients by this amount. Note that only answers to GROUP
and NEWNEWS commands are affected. This value should be tuned based on the NFS cache
timeouts locally. The default is 60, that is to say one minute.

nnrpdcheckart
Whether nnrpd should check the existence of an article before listing it as present in
response to an NNTP command. The primary use of this setting is to prevent nnrpd from
returning information about articles which are no longer present on the server but
which still have overview data available. Checking the existence of articles before
returning overview information slows down the overview commands, but reduces the
number of "article is missing" errors seen by the client. This is a boolean value and
the default is true.

nnrpdflags
When nnrpd(8) is spawned from innd(8), these flags are passed as arguments to the
nnrpd process. This setting does not affect instances of nnrpd that are started in
daemon mode, or instances that are started via another listener process such as
inetd(8) or xinetd(8). Shell quoting and metacharacters are not supported. This is a
string value and the default is unset.

nnrpdloadlimit
If set to a value other than 0, connections to nnrpd will be refused if the system
load average is higher than this value. The default value is 16.

noreader
Normally, innd(8) will fork a copy of nnrpd(8) for all incoming connections from hosts
not listed in incoming.conf. If this parameter is set to true, those connections will
instead be rejected with a 502 error code. This should be set to true for a transit-
only server that doesn't support readers, or if nnrpd is running in daemon mode or
being started out of inetd. This is a boolean value and the default is false.

readerswhenstopped
Whether to allow readers to connect even if the server is paused or throttled. This
is only applicable if nnrpd(8) is spawned from innd(8) rather than run out of inetd or
in daemon mode. This is a boolean value and the default is false.

readertrack
Whether to enable the tracking system for client behavior. Tracked information is
recorded to pathlog/tracklogs/log-ID, where ID is determined by nnrpd's PID and launch
time. Currently the information recorded includes initial connection and posting;
only information about clients listed in nnrpd.track is recorded. In addition, every
posted article will be saved in pathlog/trackposts/track.message-id, where message-id
is the message ID of the post. This is a boolean value and the default is false.

tradindexedmmap
Whether to attempt to mmap() tradindexed overviews articles. Setting this to true
will give better performance on most systems, but some systems have problems with
mmap(). If this is set to false, overviews will be read into memory before being sent
to readers. This is a boolean value and the default is true.

INN has optional support for generating keyword information automatically from article
body text and putting that information in overview for the use of clients that know to
look for it (HDR, OVER and XPAT commands). The following parameters control that feature.

This may be too slow if you're taking a substantial feed, and probably will not be useful
for the average news reader; enabling this is not recommended unless you have some
specific intention to take advantage of it.

keywords
Whether the keyword generation support should be enabled. This is a boolean value and
the default is false.

If an article already contains a Keywords: header, no keyword generation is done and
the original Keywords: header is kept untouched.

In order to use this feature, the regex library should be available and INN configured
with the --enable-keywords flag. Otherwise, no keywords will be generated, even
though this boolean value is set to true. You also have to add the integration of the
Keywords: header into the overview with extraoverviewadvertised or
extraoverviewhidden.

keyartlimit
Articles larger than this value in bytes will not have keywords generated for them
(since it would take too long to do so). The default value is 100000 (approximately
100 KB).

keylimit
Maximum number of bytes allocated for keyword data. If there are more keywords than
will fit into this many bytes when separated by commas, the rest are discarded. The
default value is 512.

keymaxwords
Maximum number of keywords that will be generated for an article. (The keyword
generation code will attempt to discard "noise" words, so the number of keywords
actually written into the overview will usually be smaller than this even if the
maximum number of keywords is found.) The default value is 250.

Posting
These parameters are only used by nnrpd(8), inews(1), and other programs that accept or
generate postings. There are some special sets of settings that are broken out separately
after the initial alphabetized list.

addinjectiondate
Whether to add an Injection-Date: header field to all local posts. This is a boolean
value and the default is true.

Note that no Injection-Date: header fields will be added to local posts already
containing both a Message-ID: header field and a Date: header field. This is done in
conformance with standards, to help minimize the possibility of a loop in e-mail
gatewaying and ensure that a newly injected article is not treated as a new, separate
article in case of multiple injection of the same article to different injecting
agents.

addinjectionpostingaccount
Whether to add a posting-account attribute to the Injection-Info: header to all local
posts giving the username assigned to the user at connection time or after
authentication. This is a boolean value and the default is false. There is no
intrinsic support for obfuscating the value. That has to be done with a user-written
Perl filter, if desired.

addinjectionpostinghost
Whether to add a posting-host attribute to the Injection-Info: header to all local
posts giving an FQDN (when known, by reverse lookup of the client IP address) and IP
address of the system from which the post was received. This is a boolean value and
the default is true. Note that INN either does not add this attribute or adds the
name (when known) and IP address of the client. There is no intrinsic support for
obfuscating the name of the client. That has to be done with a user-written Perl
filter, if desired.

When this parameter is set to true, an FQDN (obtained by reverse lookup of the client
IP address or, if unknown, the IP address itself) of the client is also added to the
Path: header, after the "!.POSTED" diagnostic.

checkincludedtext
Whether to check local postings for the ratio of new to quoted text and reject them if
that ratio is under 50%. Included text is recognized by looking for lines beginning
with ">", "|", or ":". This is a boolean value and the default is false.

complaints
The value of the mail-complaints-to attribute of the Injection-Info: header added to
all local posts. The default is the newsmaster's e-mail address. (If the newsmaster,
selected at configure time and defaulting to "usenet", doesn't contain "@", the
address will consist of the newsmaster, a "@", and the value of fromhost.)

fromhost
Contains a domain used to construct e-mail addresses. The address of the local news
administrator will be given as <user>@fromhost, where <user> is the newsmaster user
set at compile time ("usenet" by default). This setting will also be used by
mailpost(8) to fully qualify addresses and by inews(1) to generate the Sender: header
(and From: header if missing). The value of the FROMHOST environment variable, if
set, overrides this setting. The default is the fully qualified domain name of the
local host.

localmaxartsize
The maximum article size (in bytes) for locally posted articles. Articles larger than
this will be rejected. A value of 0 allows any size of article, but note that nnrpd
and innd will crash if system memory is exceeded. See also maxartsize, which applies
to all articles including those posted locally. The default value is 1000000
(approximately 1 MB).

moderatormailer
The address to which to send submissions for moderated groups. It is only used if the
moderators file doesn't exist, or if the moderated group to which an article is posted
is not matched by any entry in that file, and takes the same form as an entry in the
moderators file. In most cases, "%s@moderators.isc.org" is a good value for this
parameter (%s is expanded into a form of the newsgroup name). See moderators(5) for
more details about the syntax. The default is unset. If this parameter isn't set and
an article is posted to a moderated group that does not have a matching entry in the
moderators file, the posting will be rejected with an error.

nnrpdauthsender
Whether to generate a Sender: header based on reader authentication. If this
parameter is set, a Sender: header will be added to local posts containing the
identity assigned by readers.conf. If the assigned identity does not include an "@",
the reader's hostname is used. If this parameter is set but no identity is assigned,
the Sender: header will be removed from all posts even if the poster includes one.
This is a boolean value and the default is false.

nnrpdposthost
If set, nnrpd(8) and rnews(1) will pass all locally posted articles to the specified
host rather than trying to inject them locally. See also nnrpdpostport. This should
always be set if xrefslave is true. The default value is unset.

nnrpdpostport
The port on the remote server to connect to to post when nnrpdposthost is used. The
default value is 119.

organization
What to put in the Organization: header if it is left blank by the poster. The value
of the ORGANIZATION environment variable, if set, overrides this setting. The default
is unset, which tells INN not to insert an Organization: header.

spoolfirst
If true, nnrpd(8) will spool new articles rather than attempting to send them to
innd(8). If false, nnrpd will spool articles only if it receives an error trying to
send them to innd. Setting this to true can be useful if nnrpd must respond as fast
as possible to the client; however, when set, articles will not appear to readers
until they are given to innd. nnrpd won't do this; "rnews -U" must be run
periodically to take the spooled articles and post them. This is a boolean value and
the default is false.

strippostcc
Whether to strip To:, Cc:, and Bcc: headers out of all local posts via nnrpd(8). The
primary purpose of this setting is to prevent abuse of the news server by posting to a
moderated group and including To: or Cc: headers in the post so that the news server
will send the article to arbitrary addresses. INN now protects against this abuse in
other ways provided mta is set to a command that includes %s and honors it, so this is
generally no longer needed. This is a boolean value and the default is false.

nnrpd(8) has support for controlling high-volume posters via an exponential backoff
algorithm, as configured by the following parameters.

Exponential posting backoff works as follows: news clients are indexed by IP address (or
username, see backoffauth below). Each time a post is received from an IP address, the
time of posting is stored (along with the previous sleep time, see below). After a
configurable number of posts in a configurable period of time, nnrpd(8) will begin to
sleep for increasing periods of time before actually posting anything (posting backoff is
therefore activated). Posts will still be accepted, but at an increasingly reduced rate.

After backoff has been activated, the length of time to sleep is computed based on the
difference in time between the last posting and the current posting. If this difference
is less than backoffpostfast, the new sleep time will be 1 + (previous sleep time *
backoffk). If this difference is less than backoffpostslow but greater than
backoffpostfast, then the new sleep time will equal the previous sleep time. If this
difference is greater than backoffpostslow, the new sleep time is zero and posting backoff
is deactivated for this poster. (Note that this does not mean posting backoff cannot be
reactivated later in the session.)

Exponential posting backoff will not be enabled unless backoffdb is set and
backoffpostfast and backoffpostslow are set to something other than their default values.

Here are the parameters that control exponential posting backoff:

backoffauth
Whether to index posting backoffs by user rather than by source IP address. You must
be using authentication in nnrpd(8) for a value of true to have any meaning. This is
a boolean value and the default is false.

backoffdb
The path to a directory, writeable by the news user, that will contain the backoff
database. There is no default for this parameter; you must provide a path to a
creatable or writeable directory to enable exponential backoff.

backoffk
The amount to multiply the previous sleep time by if the user is still posting too
quickly. A value of 2 will double the sleep time for each excessive post. The
default value is 1.

backoffpostfast
Postings from the same identity that arrive in less than this amount of time (in
seconds) will trigger increasing sleep time in the backoff algorithm. The default
value is 0.

backoffpostslow
Postings from the same identity that arrive in greater than this amount of time (in
seconds) will reset the backoff algorithm. Another way to look at this constant is to
realize that posters will be allowed to generate at most 86400/backoffpostslow posts
per day. The default value is 1.

backofftrigger
This many postings are allowed before the backoff algorithm is triggered. The default
value is 10000.

TLS/SSL Support for Reading and Posting
Here are the parameters used by nnrpd(8) to provide TLS/SSL support.

The parameters related to certificates are:

tlscafile
The path to a file containing certificate authority root certificates, used to present
a trust chain to a TLS client. This parameter is only used if nnrpd is built with
TLS/SSL support. The default value is an empty string.

tlscapath
The path to a directory containing certificate authority root certificates. Each file
in the directory should contain one CA certificate, and the name of the file should be
the CA subject name hash value. See the OpenSSL documentation for more information.
This parameter is only used if nnrpd is built with TLS/SSL support. The default value
is pathetc.

tlscertfile
The path to a file containing the server certificate to present to TLS clients. This
parameter is only used if nnrpd is built with TLS/SSL support. The default value is
pathetc/cert.pem.

tlskeyfile
The path to a file containing the encryption key for the server certificate named in
tlscertfile. This may be the same as tlscertfile if, when you created the
certificate, you put the key in the same file (if, for example, you gave the same file
name to both the -out and -keyout options to "openssl req"). This parameter is only
used if nnrpd is built with TLS/SSL support. The default value is pathetc/key.pem.

This file must only be readable by the news user or nnrpd will refuse to use it.

Finally, here are the parameters that can be used to tighten the level of security
provided by TLS/SSL in case new attacks exploitable in NNTP on the TLS protocol or some
supported cipher suite are discovered:

tlsciphers
The string describing the cipher suites OpenSSL will support for TLS 1.2 and below.
See OpenSSL's ciphers(1) command documentation for details. The default is unset,
which uses OpenSSL's default cipher suite list.

tlsciphers13
The string describing the cipher suites OpenSSL will support for TLS 1.3. See
OpenSSL's ciphers(1) command documentation for details. The default is unset, which
uses OpenSSL's default cipher suite list.

Note that a separate cipher suite configuration parameter is needed for TLS 1.3
because TLS 1.3 cipher suites are not compatible with TLS 1.2, and vice-versa. In
order to avoid issues where legacy TLS 1.2 cipher suite configuration configured in
the tlsciphers parameter would inadvertently disable all TLS 1.3 cipher suites, the
inn.conf configuration has been separated out.

tlscompression
Whether to enable or disable TLS/SSL-level compression support, if the negotiated
protocol supports it (notably, TLS 1.3 no longer supports it). This is a boolean and
the default is false, that is to say compression is disabled, so as to follow the best
current practices for a secure use of TLS in application protocols (see RFC 8143 for
NNTP).

Note that enabling TLS/SSL-level compression will be possible only if the OpenSSL
library INN has been built with, supports that feature.

tlseccurve
The name of the elliptic curve to use for ephemeral key exchanges. To see the list of
curves supported by OpenSSL, use "openssl ecparam -list_curves".

The default is unset, which means an appropriate curve is auto-selected (if your
OpenSSL version is at least 1.0.2) or the NIST P-256 curve is used.

This option is only effective if your OpenSSL version has ECDH support.

tlspreferserverciphers
Whether to let the client or the server decide the preferred cipher suite, signature
algorithm or elliptic curve to use for an incoming connection. This is a boolean and
the default is true, that is to say the server will choose following its own
preferences.

tlsprotocols
The list of TLS/SSL protocol versions to support. Valid protocols are SSLv2, SSLv3,
TLSv1, TLSv1.1, TLSv1.2 and TLSv1.3. The default value is to only allow TLS
protocols:

tlsprotocols: [ TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3 ]

Note that the listed protocols will be enabled only if the OpenSSL library INN has
been built with, supports them. In case OpenSSL supports protocols more recent than
TLSv1.3, they will be automatically enabled (which anyway is fine regarding security,
as newer protocols are supposed to be more secure).

Monitoring
These parameters control the behavior of innwatch(8), the program that monitors INN and
informs the news administrator if anything goes wrong with it.

doinnwatch
Whether to start innwatch(8) from rc.news. This is a boolean value, and the default
is true.

innwatchbatchspace
Free space in pathoutgoing, in inndf(8) output units (normally kilobytes), at which
innd(8) will be throttled by innwatch(8), assuming a default innwatch.ctl. The
default value is 4000.

innwatchlibspace
Free space in pathdb, in inndf(8) output units (normally kilobytes), at which innd(8)
will be throttled by innwatch(8), assuming a default innwatch.ctl. The default value
is 25000.

innwatchloload
Load average times 100 at which innd(8) will be restarted by innwatch(8) (undoing a
previous pause or throttle), assuming a default innwatch.ctl. The default value is
1000 (that is, a load average of 10.00).

innwatchhiload
Load average times 100 at which innd(8) will be throttled by innwatch(8), assuming a
default innwatch.ctl. The default value is 2000 (that is, a load average of 20.00).

innwatchpauseload
Load average times 100 at which innd(8) will be paused by innwatch(8), assuming a
default innwatch.ctl. The default value is 1500 (that is, a load average of 15.00).

innwatchsleeptime
How long (in seconds) innwatch(8) will sleep between each check of INN. The default
value is 600.

innwatchspoolnodes
Free inodes in patharticles at which innd(8) will be throttled by innwatch(8),
assuming a default innwatch.ctl. The default value is 200.

innwatchspoolspace
Free space in patharticles and pathoverview, in inndf(8) output units (normally
kilobytes), at which innd(8) will be throttled by innwatch(8), assuming a default
innwatch.ctl. The default value is 25000.

Logging
These parameters control what information INN logs.

docnfsstat
Whether to start cnfsstat(8) when innd(8) is started. cnfsstat will log the status of
all CNFS cycbuffs to syslog on a periodic basis (frequency is the default for
"cnfsstat -l", currently 600 seconds). This is a boolean value and the default is
false.

htmlstatus
Whether innd should write the status report as HTML file or in plain text. The HTML
status file goes to pathhttp/inn_status.html, while the plain text status file is
written to pathlog/inn.status. This is a boolean value and the default is true (an
HTML status file is written). Also see the status parameter.

incominglogfrequency
How many articles to process on an incoming channel before logging the activity. The
default value is 200.

logartsize
Whether the size of accepted articles (in bytes) should be written to the article log
file. This is useful for flow rate statistics and is recommended. This is a boolean
value and the default is true.

logcancelcomm
Set this to true to log "ctlinnd cancel" commands to syslog. This is a boolean value
and the default is false.

logcycles
How many old logs scanlogs(8) keeps. scanlogs(8) is generally run by news.daily(8)
and will archive compressed copies of this many days worth of old logs. The default
value is 3.

logipaddr
Whether the verified name of the remote feeding host should be logged to the article
log for incoming articles rather than the last entry in the Path: header. The only
reason to ever set this to false is due to some interactions with newsfeeds flags; see
newsfeeds(5) for more information. This is a boolean value and the default is true.

logsitename
Whether the names of the sites to which accepted articles will be sent should be put
into the article log file. This is useful for debugging and statistics. This is a
boolean value and the default is true.

logstatus
Whether innd should write a shortened version of its status report to syslog every
status seconds. This is a boolean value and the default is true. If set to true, see
the status parameter for more details on how to enable status reporting.

logtrash
Whether innd should add a line in the news log file to report unwanted newsgroups
(that is to say newsgroups not locally carried by the news server). This is a boolean
value and the default is true. It may be useful to set it to false when wanttrash is
set to true.

nnrpdoverstats
Whether nnrpd overview statistics should be logged via syslog. This can be useful for
measuring overview performance. This is a boolean value and the default is true.

nntplinklog
Whether to put the storage API token for accepted articles (used by nntplink) in the
article log. This is a boolean value and the default is false.

stathist
Where to write history statistics for analysis with contrib/stathist.pl; this can be
modified with ctlinnd(8) while innd is running. Logging does not occur unless a path
is given, and there is no default value.

status
How frequently (in seconds) innd(8) should write out a status report. The report is
written to pathhttp/inn_status.html or pathlog/inn.status depending on the value of
htmlstatus. If this is set to 0 or "false", status reporting is disabled. The
default value is 600 (that is to say reports are written every 10 minutes).

timer
How frequently (in seconds) innd(8) should report performance timings to syslog. If
this is set to 0, performance timing is disabled. Enabling this is highly
recommended, and innreport(8) can produce a nice summary of the timings. If set to 0,
performance timings in nnrpd(8) are also disabled, although nnrpd always reports
statistics on exit and therefore any non-zero value is equivalent for it. The default
value is 600 (that is to say performance timings are reported every 10 minutes).

System Tuning
The following parameters can be modified to tune the low-level operation of INN. In
general, you shouldn't need to modify any of them except possibly rlimitnofile unless the
server is having difficulty.

badiocount
How many read or write failures until a channel is put to sleep or closed. The
default value is 5.

blockbackoff
Each time an attempted write returns EAGAIN or EWOULDBLOCK, innd(8) will wait for an
increasing number of seconds before trying it again. This is the multiplier for the
sleep time. If you're having trouble with channel feeds not keeping up, it may be
good to change this value to 2 or 3, since then when the channel fills INN will try
again in a couple of seconds rather than waiting two minutes. The default value is
120.

chaninacttime
The time (in seconds) to wait between noticing inactive channels. The default value
is 600.

chanretrytime
How many seconds to wait before a channel restarts. The default value is 300.

datamovethreshold
The threshold for deciding whether to move already-read data to the top of buffer or
extend the buffer. The buffer described here is used for reading NNTP data.
Increasing this value may improve performance, but it should not be increased on
Systems with insufficient memory. Permitted values are between 0 and 1048576 (out of
range values are treated as 1048576) and the default value is 16384.

icdsynccount
How many article writes between updating the active and history files. The default
value is 10.

keepmmappedthreshold
When using buffindexed, retrieving overview data (that is, responding to OVER or
running expireover) causes mmapping of all overview data blocks which include
requested overview data for newsgroup. But for high volume newsgroups like
control.cancel, this may cause too much mmapping at once leading to system resource
problems. To avoid this, if the amount to be mmapped exceeds keepmmappedthreshold (in
KB), buffindexed mmap's just one overview block (8 KB). This parameter is specific to
buffindexed overview storage method. The default value is 1024 (1 MB).

maxcmdreadsize
If set to anything other than 0, maximum buffer size (in bytes) for reading NNTP
command will have this value. It should not be large on systems which are slow to
process and store articles, as that would lead to innd(8) spending a long time on each
channel and keeping other channels waiting. The default value is BUFSIZ defined in
stdio.h (1024 in most environments, see setbuf(3)).

maxforks
How many times to attempt a fork(2) before giving up. The default value is 10.

nicekids
If set to anything other than 0, all child processes of innd(8) will have this nice(2)
value. This is usually used to give all child processes of innd(8) a lower priority
(higher nice value) so that innd(8) can get the lion's share of the CPU when it needs
it. The default value is 4.

nicenewnews
If set to anything greater than 0, all nnrpd(8) processes that receive and process a
NEWNEWS command will nice(2) themselves to this value (giving other nnrpd processes a
higher priority). The default value is 0. Note that this value will be ignored if
set to a lower value than nicennrpd (or nicekids if nnrpd(8) is spawned from innd(8)).

nicennrpd
If set to anything greater than 0, all nnrpd(8) processes will nice(1) themselves to
this value. This gives other news processes a higher priority and can help
overchan(8) keep up with incoming news (if that's the object, be sure overchan(8)
isn't also set to a lower priority via nicekids). The default value is 0, which will
cause nnrpd(8) processes spawned from innd(8) to use the value of nicekids, while
nnrpd(8) run as a daemon will use the system default priority. Note that for nnrpd(8)
processes spawned from innd(8), this value will be ignored if set to a value lower
than nicekids.

pauseretrytime
Wait for this many seconds before noticing inactive channels. Wait for this many
seconds before innd processes articles when it's paused or the number of channel write
failures exceeds badiocount. The default value is 300.

peertimeout
How long (in seconds) an innd(8) incoming channel may be inactive before innd closes
it. The default value is 3600 (an hour).

rlimitnofile
The maximum number of file descriptors that innd(8) or innfeed(8) can have open at
once. If innd(8) or innfeed(8) attempts to open more file descriptors than this
value, it is possible the program may throttle or otherwise suffer reduced
functionality. The number of open file descriptors is roughly the maximum number of
incoming feeds and outgoing batches for innd(8) and the number of outgoing streams for
innfeed(8). If this parameter is set to a negative value, the default limit of the
operating system will be used; this will normally be adequate on systems other than
Solaris. Nearly all operating systems have some hard maximum limit beyond which this
value cannot be raised, usually either 128, 256, or 1024. The default value of this
parameter is "-1". Setting it to 256 on Solaris systems is highly recommended.

Paths Names
patharchive
Where to store archived news. The default value is pathspool/archive.

patharticles
The path to where the news articles are stored (for storage methods other than CNFS).
The default value is pathspool/articles.

pathbin
The path to the news binaries. The default value is pathnews/bin.

pathcontrol
The path to the files that handle control messages. The code for handling each
separate type of control message is located here. Be very careful what you put in
this directory with a name ending in ".pl", as it can potentially be a severe security
risk. The default value is pathbin/control.

pathdb
The path to the database files used and updated by the server (currently, active,
active.times, history and its indices, and newsgroups). The default value is
pathnews/db.

pathetc
The path to the news configuration files. The default value is pathnews/etc.

pathfilter
The path to the Perl and Python filters. The default value is pathbin/filter.

pathhttp
Where any HTML files (such as periodic status reports) are placed. If the news
reports should be available in real-time on the web, the files in this directory
should be served by a web server. The default value is the value of pathnews/http.

pathincoming
Location where incoming batched news is stored. The default value is
pathspool/incoming.

pathlog
Where the news log files are written. The default value is pathnews/log.

pathnews
The home directory of the news user and usually the root of the news hierarchy. There
is no default; this parameter must be set in inn.conf or INN will refuse to start.

pathoutgoing
Default location for outgoing feed files. The default value is pathspool/outgoing.

pathoverview
The path to news overview files. The default value is pathspool/overview.

pathrun
The path to files required while the server is running and run-time state information.
This includes lock files and the sockets for communicating with innd(8). This
directory and the control sockets in it should be protected from unprivileged users
other than the news user. The default value is pathnews/run.

pathspool
The root of the news spool hierarchy. This used mostly to set the defaults for other
parameters, and to determine the path to the backlog directory for innfeed(8). The
default value is pathnews/spool.

pathtmp
Where INN puts temporary files. For security reasons, this is not the same as the
system temporary files directory (INN creates a lot of temporary files with
predictable names and does not go to particularly great lengths to protect against
symlink attacks and the like; this is safe provided that normal users can't write into
its temporary directory). The default value is set at configure time and defaults to
pathnews/tmp.

EXAMPLE

       Here is a very minimalist example that only sets those parameters that are required.

           mta:                "/usr/lib/sendmail -oi -oem %s"
           ovmethod:           tradindexed
           pathhost:           news.example.com
           pathnews:           /usr/local/news
           hismethod:          hisv6

       For a more comprehensive example, see the sample inn.conf distributed with INN and
       installed as a starting point; it contains all of the default values for reference.

HISTORY

       Written by Rich $alz <rsalz@uunet.uu.net> for InterNetNews and since modified, updated,
       and reorganized by innumerable other people.

       $Id: inn.conf.pod 10304 2018-12-02 14:05:50Z iulius $

NAME

DESCRIPTION

PARAMETERS

EXAMPLE

HISTORY

SEE ALSO