Ubuntu Manpage: smartd.conf - SMART Disk Monitoring Daemon Configuration File

Provided by: smartmontools_7.1-1build1_amd64

NAME

       smartd.conf - SMART Disk Monitoring Daemon Configuration File

DESCRIPTION

[This man page is generated for the Linux version of smartmontools. It does not contain info specific to
other platforms.]

/etc/smartd.conf is the configuration file for the smartd daemon.

If the configuration file /etc/smartd.conf is present, smartd reads it at startup. If smartd
subsequently receives a HUP signal, it will then re-read the configuration file. If smartd is running in
debug mode, then an INT signal will also make it re-read the configuration file. This signal can be
generated by typing <CONTROL-C> in the terminal window where smartd is running.

In the absence of a configuration file smartd will try to open all available devices (see smartd(8) man
page). A configuration file with a single line 'DEVICESCAN -a' would have the same effect.

This can be annoying if you have an ATA or SCSI device that hangs or misbehaves when receiving SMART
commands. Even if this causes no problems, you may be annoyed by the string of error log messages about
devices that can't be opened.

One can avoid this problem, and gain more control over the types of events monitored by smartd, by using
the configuration file /etc/smartd.conf. This file contains a list of devices to monitor, with one
device per line. An example file is included with the smartmontools distribution. You will find this
sample configuration file in /usr/share/doc/smartmontools/. For security, the configuration file should
not be writable by anyone but root. The syntax of the file is as follows:

• There should be one device listed per line, although you may have lines that are entirely comments or
white space.

• Any text following a hash sign '#' and up to the end of the line is taken to be a comment, and
ignored.

• Lines may be continued by using a backslash '\' as the last non-whitespace or non-comment item on a
line.

• Note: a line whose first character is a hash sign '#' is treated as a white-space blank line, not as
a non-existent line, and will end a continuation line.

Here is an example configuration file. It's for illustrative purposes only; please don't copy it onto
your system without reading to the end of the DIRECTIVES Section below!

################################################
# This is an example smartd startup config file
# /etc/smartd.conf
#
# On the second disk, start a long self-test every
# Sunday between 3 and 4 am.
#
/dev/sda -a -m admin@example.com,root@localhost
/dev/sdb -a -I 194 -I 5 -i 12 -s L/../../7/03
#
# Send a TEST warning email to admin on startup.
#
/dev/sdc -m admin@example.com -M test
#
# Strange device. It's SCSI. Start a scheduled
# long self test between 5 and 6 am Monday/Thursday
/dev/weird -d scsi -s L/../../(1|4)/05
#
# An ATA disk may appear as a SCSI device to the
# OS. If a SCSI to ATA Translation (SAT) layer
# is between the OS and the device then this can be
# flagged with the '-d sat' option. This situation
# may become common with SATA disks in SAS and FC
# environments.
/dev/sda -a -d sat
#
# Three disks connected to a MegaRAID controller
# Start short self-tests daily between 1-2, 2-3, and
# 3-4 am.
/dev/sda -d megaraid,0 -a -s S/../.././01
/dev/sda -d megaraid,1 -a -s S/../.././02
/dev/sda -d megaraid,2 -a -s S/../.././03
/dev/bus/0 -d megaraid,2 -a -s S/../.././03
#
# Three disks connected to an AacRaid controller
# Start short self-tests daily between 1-2, 2-3, and
# 3-4 am.
/dev/sda -d aacraid,0,0,66 -a -s S/../.././01
/dev/sda -d aacraid,0,0,67 -a -s S/../.././02
/dev/sda -d aacraid,0,0,68 -a -s S/../.././03
#
# Two SATA (not SAS) disks on a 3ware 9750 controller.
# Start long self-tests Sundays between midnight and
# 1 am and 2-3 am
# under Linux
/dev/twl0 -d 3ware,0 -a -s L/../../7/00
/dev/twl0 -d 3ware,1 -a -s L/../../7/02
#
# Monitor 2 disks connected to the first HP SmartArray controller which
# uses the cciss driver. Start long tests on Sunday nights and short
# self-tests every night and send errors to root
# /dev/sda -d cciss,0 -a -s (L/../../7/02|S/../.././02) -m root
# /dev/sda -d cciss,1 -a -s (L/../../7/03|S/../.././03) -m root
#
# Three SATA disks on a HighPoint RocketRAID controller.
# Start short self-tests daily between 1-2, 2-3, and
# 3-4 am.
# under Linux
/dev/sde -d hpt,1/1 -a -s S/../.././01
/dev/sde -d hpt,1/2 -a -s S/../.././02
/dev/sde -d hpt,1/3 -a -s S/../.././03
#
# Two SATA disks connected to a HighPoint RocketRAID
# via a pmport device. Start long self-tests Sundays
# between midnight and 1 am and 2-3 am.
# under Linux
/dev/sde -d hpt,1/4/1 -a -s L/../../7/00
/dev/sde -d hpt,1/4/2 -a -s L/../../7/02
#
# Three SATA disks connected to an Areca
# RAID controller. Start long self-tests Sundays
# between midnight and 3 am.
# under Linux
/dev/sg2 -d areca,1 -a -s L/../../7/00
/dev/sg2 -d areca,2 -a -s L/../../7/01
/dev/sg2 -d areca,3 -a -s L/../../7/02
#
# Two SATA disks on an Intelliprop controller.
# Start short self-tests daily between 1-2, 2-3, and
# 3-4 am.
/dev/sde -d intelliprop,0+sat -a -s S/../.././01
/dev/sde -d intelliprop,1+sat -a -s S/../.././02
#
# The following line enables monitoring of the
# ATA Error Log and the Self-Test Error Log.
# It also tracks changes in both Prefailure
# and Usage Attributes, apart from Attributes
# 9, 194, and 231, and shows continued lines:
#
/dev/sdd -l error \
-l selftest \
-t \ # Attributes not tracked:
-I 194 \ # temperature
-I 231 \ # also temperature
-I 9 # power-on hours
#
################################################

If a cciss controller is used then the corresponding block device (/dev/sd?) must be listed, along with
the ´-d cciss,N´ Directive (see below).

DEVICESCAN
If a non-comment entry in the configuration file is the text string DEVICESCAN in capital letters,
then smartd will ignore any remaining lines in the configuration file, and will scan for devices.
If DEVICESCAN is not followed by any Directives, then '-a' will apply to all devices.

DEVICESCAN may optionally be followed by Directives that will apply to all devices that are found in the
scan. For example

DEVICESCAN -m root@example.com

will scan for all devices, and then monitor them. It will send one email warning per device for any
problems that are found.

DEVICESCAN -H -m root@example.com

will do the same, but only monitors the SMART health status of the devices, rather than the default '-a'.

Multiple '-d TYPE' options may be specified with DEVICESCAN to combine the scan results of more than one
TYPE.

Configuration entries for specific devices may precede the DEVICESCAN entry. For example

DEFAULT -m root@example.com
/dev/sda -s S/../.././02
/dev/sdc -d ignore
DEVICESCAN -s L/../.././02

will scan for all devices except /dev/sda and /dev/sdc, monitor them, and run a long test between 2–3 am
every morning. Device /dev/sda will also be monitored, but only a short test will be run. Device
/dev/sdc will be ignored. Warning emails will be sent for all monitored devices.

A device is ignored by DEVICESCAN if a configuration line with the same device name exists. A device
name is also ignored if another device with same identify information (vendor, model, firmware version,
serial number, WWN) already exists.

DEFAULT SETTINGS

       If  an  entry in the configuration file starts with DEFAULT instead of a device name, then all directives
       in this entry are set as defaults for the next device entries.

       This configuration:

         DEFAULT -a -R5! -W 2,40,45 -I 194 -s L/../../7/00 -m admin@example.com
         /dev/sda
         /dev/sdb
         /dev/sdc
         DEFAULT -H -m admin@example.com
         /dev/sdd
         /dev/sde -d removable

       has the same effect as:

         /dev/sda -a -R5! -W 2,40,45 -I 194 -s L/../../7/00 -m admin@example.com
         /dev/sdb -a -R5! -W 2,40,45 -I 194 -s L/../../7/00 -m admin@example.com
         /dev/sdc -a -R5! -W 2,40,45 -I 194 -s L/../../7/00 -m admin@example.com
         /dev/sdd -H -m admin@example.com
         /dev/sde -d removable -H -m admin@example.com

CONFIGURATION FILE DIRECTIVES

The following are the Directives that may appear following the device name or DEVICESCAN or DEFAULT on
any line of the /etc/smartd.conf configuration file. Note that these are NOT command-line options for
smartd. The Directives below may appear in any order, following the device name.

For an ATA device, if no Directives appear, then the device will be monitored as if the '-a' Directive
(monitor all SMART properties) had been given.

If a SCSI disk is listed, it will be monitored at the maximum implemented level: roughly equivalent to
using the '-H -l selftest' options for an ATA disk. So with the exception of '-d', '-m', '-l selftest',
'-s', and '-M', the Directives below are ignored for SCSI disks. For SCSI disks, the '-m' Directive
sends a warning email if the SMART status indicates a disk failure or problem, if the SCSI inquiry about
disk status fails, or if new errors appear in the self-test log.

If a 3ware controller is used then the corresponding SCSI (/dev/sd?) or character device (/dev/twe?,
/dev/twa?, /dev/twl? or /dev/tws?) must be listed, along with the '-d 3ware,N' Directive (see below).
The individual ATA disks hosted by the 3ware controller appear to smartd as normal ATA devices. Hence
all the ATA directives can be used for these disks (but see note below).

If an Areca controller is used then the corresponding device (SCSI /dev/sg? on Linux or /dev/arcmsr0 on
FreeBSD) must be listed, along with the '-d areca,N' Directive (see below). The individual SATA disks
hosted by the Areca controller appear to smartd as normal ATA devices. Hence all the ATA directives can
be used for these disks. Areca firmware version 1.46 or later which supports smartmontools must be used;
Please see the smartctl(8) man page for further details.

-d TYPE
Specifies the type of the device. The valid arguments to this directive are:

auto - attempt to guess the device type from the device name or from controller type info provided
by the operating system or from a matching USB ID entry in the drive database. This is the
default.

ata - the device type is ATA. This prevents smartd from issuing SCSI commands to an ATA device.

scsi - the device type is SCSI. This prevents smartd from issuing ATA commands to a SCSI device.

nvme[,NSID] - the device type is NVM Express (NVMe). The optional parameter NSID specifies the
namespace id (in hex) passed to the driver. Use 0xffffffff for the broadcast namespace id. The
default for NSID is the namespace id addressed by the device name.

sat[,auto][,N] - the device type is SCSI to ATA Translation (SAT). This is for ATA disks that
have a SCSI to ATA Translation Layer (SATL) between the disk and the operating system. SAT
defines two ATA PASS THROUGH SCSI commands, one 12 bytes long and the other 16 bytes long. The
default is the 16 byte variant which can be overridden with either '-d sat,12' or '-d sat,16'.

If '-d sat,auto' is specified, device type SAT (for ATA/SATA disks) is only used if the SCSI
INQUIRY data reports a SATL (VENDOR: "ATA "). Otherwise device type SCSI (for SCSI/SAS disks)
is used.

usbcypress - this device type is for ATA disks that are behind a Cypress USB to PATA bridge. This
will use the ATACB proprietary scsi pass through command. The default SCSI operation code is
0x24, but although it can be overridden with '-d usbcypress,0xN', where N is the scsi operation
code, you're running the risk of damage to the device or filesystems on it.

usbjmicron[,p][,x][,PORT] - this device type is for SATA disks that are behind a JMicron USB to
PATA/SATA bridge. The 48-bit ATA commands (required e.g. for '-l xerror', see below) do not work
with all of these bridges and are therefore disabled by default. These commands can be enabled by
'-d usbjmicron,x'. If two disks are connected to a bridge with two ports, an error message is
printed if no PORT is specified. The port can be specified by '-d usbjmicron[,x],PORT' where PORT
is 0 (master) or 1 (slave). This is not necessary if the device uses a port multiplier to connect
multiple disks to one port. The disks appear under separate /dev/ice names then. CAUTION:
Specifying ',x' for a device which does not support it results in I/O errors and may disconnect
the drive. The same applies if the specified PORT does not exist or is not connected to a disk.

The Prolific PL2507/3507 USB bridges with older firmware support a pass-through command similar to
JMicron and work with '-d usbjmicron,0'. Newer Prolific firmware requires a modified command
which can be selected by '-d usbjmicron,p'. Note that this does not yet support the SMART status
command.

usbprolific - this device type is for SATA disks that are behind a Prolific PL2571/2771/2773/2775
USB to SATA bridge.

usbsunplus - this device type is for SATA disks that are behind a SunplusIT USB to SATA bridge.

sntjmicron[,NSID] - [NEW EXPERIMENTAL SMARTD FEATURE] this device type is for NVMe disks that are
behind a JMicron USB to NVMe bridge. The optional parameter NSID specifies the namespace id (in
hex) passed to the driver. The default namespace id is the broadcast namespace id (0xffffffff).

marvell - [Linux only] interact with SATA disks behind Marvell chip-set controllers (using the
Marvell rather than libata driver).

megaraid,N - [Linux only] the device consists of one or more SCSI/SAS disks connected to a
MegaRAID controller. The non-negative integer N (in the range of 0 to 127 inclusive) denotes
which disk on the controller is monitored. This interface will also work for Dell PERC
controllers. In log files and email messages this disk will be identified as megaraid_disk_XXX
with XXX in the range from 000 to 127 inclusive. It is possible to set RAID device name as
/dev/bus/N, where N is a SCSI bus number. Please see the smartctl(8) man page for further
details.

aacraid,H,L,ID - [Linux, Windows and Cygwin only] the device consists of one or more SCSI/SAS or
SATA disks connected to an AacRaid controller. The non-negative integers H,L,ID (Host number,
Lun, ID) denote which disk on the controller is monitored. In log files and email messages this
disk will be identified as aacraid_disk_HH_LL_ID. Please see the smartctl(8) man page for further
details.

3ware,N - [FreeBSD and Linux only] the device consists of one or more ATA disks connected to a
3ware RAID controller. The non-negative integer N (in the range from 0 to 127 inclusive) denotes
which disk on the controller is monitored. In log files and email messages this disk will be
identified as 3ware_disk_XXX with XXX in the range from 000 to 127 inclusive.

Note that while you may use any of the 3ware SCSI logical devices /dev/tw* to address any of the
physical disks (3ware ports), error and log messages will make the most sense if you always list
the 3ware SCSI logical device corresponding to the particular physical disks. Please see the
smartctl(8) man page for further details.

areca,N - [FreeBSD, Linux, Windows and Cygwin only] the device consists of one or more SATA disks
connected to an Areca SATA RAID controller. The positive integer N (in the range from 1 to 24
inclusive) denotes which disk on the controller is monitored. In log files and email messages
this disk will be identified as areca_disk_XX with XX in the range from 01 to 24 inclusive.
Please see the smartctl(8) man page for further details.

areca,N/E - [FreeBSD, Linux, Windows and Cygwin only] the device consists of one or more SATA or
SAS disks connected to an Areca SAS RAID controller. The integer N (range 1 to 128) denotes the
channel (slot) and E (range 1 to 8) denotes the enclosure. Important: This requires Areca SAS
controller firmware version 1.51 or later.

cciss,N - [FreeBSD and Linux only] the device consists of one or more SCSI/SAS or SATA disks
connected to a cciss RAID controller. The non-negative integer N (in the range from 0 to 15
inclusive) denotes which disk on the controller is monitored. In log files and email messages
this disk will be identified as cciss_disk_XX with XX in the range from 00 to 15 inclusive.
Please see the smartctl(8) man page for further details.

hpt,L/M/N - [FreeBSD and Linux only] the device consists of one or more ATA disks connected to a
HighPoint RocketRAID controller. The integer L is the controller id, the integer M is the channel
number, and the integer N is the PMPort number if it is available. The allowed values of L are
from 1 to 4 inclusive, M are from 1 to 128 inclusive and N from 1 to 4 if PMPort available. And
also these values are limited by the model of the HighPoint RocketRAID controller. In log files
and email messages this disk will be identified as hpt_X/X/X and X/X/X is the same as L/M/N, note
if no N indicated, N set to the default value 1. Please see the smartctl(8) man page for further
details.

intelliprop,N[+TYPE] - the device consists of multiple ATA disks connected to an Intelliprop
controller. The integer N is the port number from 0 to 3 of the ATA drive to be targeted. Please
see the smartctl(8) man page for further details.

jmb39x,N[,sLBA][,force][+TYPE] - [NEW EXPERIMENTAL SMARTD FEATURE] the device consists of multiple
SATA disks connected to a JMicron JMB39x RAID port multiplier. The integer N is the port number
from 0 to 4. Please see the smartctl(8) man page for further details.

ignore - the device specified by this configuration entry should be ignored. This allows to
ignore specific devices which are detected by a following DEVICESCAN configuration line. It may
also be used to temporary disable longer multi-line configuration entries. This Directive may be
used in conjunction with the other '-d' Directives.

removable - the device or its media is removable. This indicates to smartd that it should
continue (instead of exiting, which is the default behavior) if the device does not appear to be
present when smartd is started. This directive also suppresses warning emails and repeated log
messages if the device is removed after startup. This Directive may be used in conjunction with
the other '-d' Directives.
WARNING: Removing a device and connecting a different one to same interface is not supported and
may result in bogus warnings until smartd is restarted.

-n POWERMODE[,N][,q]
[ATA only] This 'nocheck' Directive is used to prevent a disk from being spun-up when it is
periodically polled by smartd.

ATA disks have five different power states. In order of increasing power consumption they are:
'OFF', 'SLEEP', 'STANDBY', 'IDLE', and 'ACTIVE'. Typically in the OFF, SLEEP, and STANDBY modes
the disk's platters are not spinning. But usually, in response to SMART commands issued by
smartd, the disk platters are spun up. So if this option is not used, then a disk which is in a
low-power mode may be spun up and put into a higher-power mode when it is periodically polled by
smartd.

Note that if the disk is in SLEEP mode when smartd is started, then it won't respond to smartd
commands, and so the disk won't be registered as a device for smartd to monitor. If a disk is in
any other low-power mode, then the commands issued by smartd to register the disk will probably
cause it to spin-up.

The '-n' (nocheck) Directive specifies if smartd's periodic checks should still be carried out
when the device is in a low-power mode. It may be used to prevent a disk from being spun-up by
periodic smartd polling. The allowed values of POWERMODE are:

never - smartd will poll (check) the device regardless of its power mode. This may cause a disk
which is spun-down to be spun-up when smartd checks it. This is the default behavior if the '-n'
Directive is not given.

sleep - check the device unless it is in SLEEP mode.

standby - check the device unless it is in SLEEP or STANDBY mode. In these modes most disks are
not spinning, so if you want to prevent a laptop disk from spinning up each time that smartd
polls, this is probably what you want.

idle - check the device unless it is in SLEEP, STANDBY or IDLE mode. In the IDLE state, most
disks are still spinning, so this is probably not what you want.

Maximum number of skipped checks (in a row) can be specified by appending positive number ',N' to
POWERMODE (like '-n standby,15'). After N checks are skipped in a row, powermode is ignored and
the check is performed anyway.

When a periodic test is skipped, smartd normally writes an informal log message. The message can
be suppressed by appending the option ',q' to POWERMODE (like '-n standby,q'). This prevents a
laptop disk from spinning up due to this message.

Both ',N' and ',q' can be specified together.

-T TYPE
Specifies how tolerant smartd should be of SMART command failures. The valid arguments to this
Directive are:

normal - do not try to monitor the disk if a mandatory SMART command fails, but continue if an
optional SMART command fails. This is the default.

permissive - try to monitor the disk even if it appears to lack SMART capabilities. This may be
required for some old disks (prior to ATA-3 revision 4) that implemented SMART before the SMART
standards were incorporated into the ATA/ATAPI Specifications. [Please see the smartctl -T
command-line option.]

-o VALUE
[ATA only] Enables or disables SMART Automatic Offline Testing when smartd starts up and has no
further effect. The valid arguments to this Directive are on and off.

The delay between tests is vendor-specific, but is typically four hours.

Note that SMART Automatic Offline Testing is not part of the ATA Specification. Please see the
smartctl -o command-line option documentation for further information about this feature.

-S VALUE
Enables or disables Attribute Autosave when smartd starts up and has no further effect. The valid
arguments to this Directive are on and off. Also affects SCSI devices. [Please see the smartctl
-S command-line option.]

-H [ATA] Check the health status of the disk with the SMART RETURN STATUS command. If this command
reports a failing health status, then disk failure is predicted in less than 24 hours, and a
message at loglevel 'LOG_CRIT' will be logged to syslog. [Please see the smartctl -H command-line
option.]

[NVMe] Checks the "Critical Warning" byte from the SMART/Health Information log. If any warning
bit is set, a message at loglevel 'LOG_CRIT' will be logged to syslog.

-l TYPE
Reports increases in the number of errors in one of three SMART logs. The valid arguments to this
Directive are:

error - [ATA] report if the number of ATA errors reported in the Summary SMART error log has
increased since the last check.

error - [NVMe] report if the "Number of Error Information Log Entries" from the SMART/Health
Information log has increased since the last check.

xerror - [ATA] report if the number of ATA errors reported in the Extended Comprehensive SMART
error log has increased since the last check.

If both '-l error' and '-l xerror' are specified, smartd checks the maximum of both values.

[Please see the smartctl -l xerror command-line option.]

xerror - [NVMe] same as '-l error'.

selftest - report if the number of failed tests reported in the SMART Self-Test Log has increased
since the last check, or if the timestamp associated with the most recent failed test has
increased. Note that such errors will only be logged if you run self-tests on the disk (and it
fails a test!). Self-Tests can be run automatically by smartd: please see the '-s' Directive
below. Self-Tests can also be run manually by using the '-t short' and '-t long' options of
smartctl and the results of the testing can be observed using the smartctl '-l selftest' command-
line option. [Please see the smartctl -l and -t command-line options.]

[ATA only] Failed self-tests outdated by a newer successful extended self-test are ignored. The
warning email counter is reset if the number of failed self tests dropped to 0. This typically
happens when an extended self-test is run after all bad sectors have been reallocated.

offlinests[,ns] - [ATA only] report if the Offline Data Collection status has changed since the
last check. The report will be logged as LOG_CRIT if the new status indicates an error. With
some drives the status often changes, therefore '-l offlinests' is not enabled by '-a' Directive.
Appending ',ns' (no standby) to this directive is not implemented on Linux.

selfteststs[,ns] - [ATA only] report if the Self-Test execution status has changed since the last
check. The report will be logged as LOG_CRIT if the new status indicates an error. Appending
',ns' (no standby) to this directive is not implemented on Linux.

scterc,READTIME,WRITETIME - [ATA only] sets the SCT Error Recovery Control settings to the
specified values (deciseconds) when smartd starts up and has no further effect. Values of 0
disable the feature, other values less than 65 are probably not supported. For RAID
configurations, this is typically set to 70,70 deciseconds. [Please see the smartctl -l scterc
command-line option.]

-e NAME[,VALUE]
Sets non-SMART device settings when smartd starts up and has no further effect. [Please see the
smartctl --set command-line option.] Valid arguments are:

aam,[N|off] - [ATA only] Sets the Automatic Acoustic Management (AAM) feature.

apm,[N|off] - [ATA only] Sets the Advanced Power Management (APM) feature.

lookahead,[on|off] - [ATA only] Sets the read look-ahead feature.

security-freeze - [ATA only] Sets ATA Security feature to frozen mode.

standby,[N|off] - [ATA only] Sets the standby (spindown) timer and places the drive in the IDLE
mode.

wcache,[on|off] - [ATA only] Sets the volatile write cache feature.

dsn,[on|off] - [ATA only] Sets the DSN feature.

-s REGEXP
Run Self-Tests or Offline Immediate Tests, at scheduled times. A Self- or Offline Immediate Test
will be run at the end of periodic device polling, if all 12 characters of the string T/MM/DD/d/HH
match the extended regular expression REGEXP. Here:

T is the type of the test. The values that smartd will try to match (in turn) are: 'L' for a
Long Self-Test, 'S' for a Short Self-Test, 'C' for a Conveyance Self-Test (ATA only), and 'O'
for an Offline Immediate Test (ATA only). As soon as a match is found, the test will be
started and no additional matches will be sought for that device and that polling cycle.

To run scheduled Selective Self-Tests, use 'n' for next span, 'r' to redo last span, or 'c' to
continue with next span or redo last span based on status of last test. The LBA range is
based on the first span from the last test. See the smartctl -t select,[next|redo|cont]
options for further info.

Some disks (e.g. WD) do not preserve the selective self test log across power cycles. If
state persistence ('-s' option) is enabled, the last test span is preserved by smartd and used
if (and only if) the selective self test log is empty.

MM is the month of the year, expressed with two decimal digits. The range is from 01 (January)
to 12 (December) inclusive. Do not use a single decimal digit or the match will always fail!

DD is the day of the month, expressed with two decimal digits. The range is from 01 to 31
inclusive. Do not use a single decimal digit or the match will always fail!

d is the day of the week, expressed with one decimal digit. The range is from 1 (Monday) to 7
(Sunday) inclusive.

HH is the hour of the day, written with two decimal digits, and given in hours after midnight.
The range is 00 (midnight to just before 1 am) to 23 (11pm to just before midnight) inclusive.
Do not use a single decimal digit or the match will always fail!

Some examples follow. In reading these, keep in mind that in extended regular expressions a dot
'.' matches any single character, and a parenthetical expression such as '(A|B|C)' denotes any one
of the three possibilities A, B, or C.

To schedule a short Self-Test between 2–3 am every morning, use:
-s S/../.././02
To schedule a long Self-Test between 4–5 am every Sunday morning, use:
-s L/../../7/04
To schedule a long Self-Test between 10–11 pm on the first and fifteenth day of each month, use:
-s L/../(01|15)/./22
To schedule an Offline Immediate test after every midnight, 6 am, noon, and 6 pm, plus a Short
Self-Test daily at 1–2 am and a Long Self-Test every Saturday at 3–4 am, use:
-s (O/../.././(00|06|12|18)|S/../.././01|L/../../6/03)
If Long Self-Tests of a large disks take longer than the system uptime, a full disk test can be
performed by several Selective Self-Tests. To setup a full test of a 1 TB disk within 20 days
(one 50 GB span each day), run this command once:
smartctl -t select,0-99999999 /dev/sda
To run the next test spans on Monday–Friday between 12–13 am, run smartd with this directive:
-s n/../../[1-5]/12

Scheduled tests are run immediately following the regularly-scheduled device polling, if the
current local date, time, and test type, match REGEXP. By default the regularly-scheduled device
polling occurs every thirty minutes after starting smartd. Take caution if you use the '-i'
option to make this polling interval more than sixty minutes: the poll times may fail to coincide
with any of the testing times that you have specified with REGEXP. In this case the test will be
run following the next device polling.

Before running an offline or self-test, smartd checks to be sure that a self-test is not already
running. If a self-test is already running, then this running self test will not be interrupted
to begin another test.

smartd will not attempt to run any type of test if another test was already started or run in the
same hour.

To avoid performance problems during system boot, smartd will not attempt to run any scheduled
tests following the very first device polling (unless '-q onecheck' is specified).

Each time a test is run, smartd will log an entry to SYSLOG. You can use these or the '-q
showtests' command-line option to verify that you constructed REGEXP correctly. The matching
order (L before S before C before O) ensures that if multiple test types are all scheduled for the
same hour, the longer test type has precedence. This is usually the desired behavior.

If the scheduled tests are used in conjunction with state persistence ('-s' option), smartd will
also try to match the hours since last shutdown (or 90 days at most). If any test would have been
started during downtime, the longest (see above) of these tests is run after second device
polling.

If the '-n' directive is used and any test would have been started during disk standby time, the
longest of these tests is run when the disk is active again.

Unix users: please beware that the rules for extended regular expressions [regex(7)] are not the
same as the rules for file-name pattern matching by the shell [glob(7)]. smartd will issue
harmless informational warning messages if it detects characters in REGEXP that appear to indicate
that you have made this mistake.

-m ADD Send a warning email to the email address ADD if the '-H', '-l error', '-l xerror', '-l selftest',
'-f', '-C', '-U', or '-W' Directives detect a failure or a new error, or if a SMART command to the
disk fails. This Directive only works in conjunction with these other Directives (or with the
equivalent default '-a' Directive).

To prevent your email in-box from getting filled up with warning messages, by default only a
single warning and (depending on '-s' option) daily reminder emails will be sent for each of the
enabled alert types. See the '-M' Directive below for details.

To send email to more than one user, please use the following "comma separated" form for the
address: user1@add1,user2@add2,...,userN@addN (with no spaces).

To test that email is being sent correctly, use the '-M test' Directive described below to send
one test email message on smartd startup.

By default, email is sent using the system mail(1) command. In order that smartd find this
command (normally /usr/bin/mail) the executable must be in the path of the shell or environment
from which smartd was started. If you wish to specify an explicit path to the mail executable
(for example /usr/local/bin/mail) or a custom script to run, please use the '-M exec' Directive
below.

Note also that there is a special argument <nomailer> which can be given to the '-m' Directive in
conjunction with the '-M exec' Directive. Please see below for an explanation of its effect.

If the mailer or the shell running it produces any STDERR/STDOUT output, then a snippet of that
output will be copied to SYSLOG. The remainder of the output is discarded. If problems are
encountered in sending mail, this should help you to understand and fix them. If you have mail
problems, we recommend running smartd in debug mode with the '-d' flag, using the '-M test'
Directive described below.

If a word of the comma separated list has the form '@plugin', a custom script
/etc/smartmontools/smartd_warning.d/plugin is run and the word is removed from the list before
sending mail. The string 'plugin' may be any valid name except 'ALL'. If '@ALL' is specified,
all scripts in /etc/smartmontools/smartd_warning.d/* are run instead. This is handled by the
script /usr/share/smartmontools/smartd_warning.sh (see also '-M exec' below).

-M TYPE
These Directives modify the behavior of the smartd email warnings enabled with the '-m' email
Directive described above. These '-M' Directives only work in conjunction with the '-m' Directive
and can not be used without it.

Multiple -M Directives may be given. If more than one of the following three -M Directives are
given (example: -M once -M daily) then the final one (in the example, -M daily) is used.

The valid arguments to the -M Directive are (one of the following three):

once - send only one warning email for each type of disk problem detected. This is the default
unless state persistence ('-s' option) is enabled.

daily - send additional warning reminder emails, once per day, for each type of disk problem
detected. This is the default if state persistence ('-s' option) is enabled.

diminishing - send additional warning reminder emails, after a one-day interval, then a two-day
interval, then a four-day interval, and so on for each type of disk problem detected. Each
interval is twice as long as the previous interval.

If a disk problem is no longer detected, the internal email counter is reset. If the problem
reappears a new warning email is sent immediately.

In addition, one may add zero or more of the following Directives:

test - send a single test email immediately upon smartd startup. This allows one to verify that
email is delivered correctly. Note that if this Directive is used, smartd will also send the
normal email warnings that were enabled with the '-m' Directive, in addition to the single test
email!

exec PATH - run the executable PATH instead of the default mail command, when smartd needs to send
email. PATH must point to an executable binary file or script.

By setting PATH to point to a customized script, you can make smartd perform useful tricks when a
disk problem is detected (beeping the console, shutting down the machine, broadcasting warnings to
all logged-in users, etc.) But please be careful. smartd will block until the executable PATH
returns, so if your executable hangs, then smartd will also hang. Some sample scripts are
included in /usr/share/doc/smartmontools/examples//.

The exit status of the executable is recorded by smartd in SYSLOG. The executable is not expected
to write to STDOUT or STDERR. If it does, then this is interpreted as indicating that something
is going wrong with your executable, and a fragment of this output is logged to SYSLOG to help you
to understand the problem. Normally, if you wish to leave some record behind, the executable
should send mail or write to a file or device.

Before running the executable, smartd sets a number of environment variables. These environment
variables may be used to control the executable's behavior. The environment variables exported by
smartd are:

SMARTD_MAILER
is set to the argument of -M exec, if present or else to 'mail' (examples:
/usr/local/bin/mail, mail).

SMARTD_DEVICE
is set to the device path (example: /dev/sda).

SMARTD_DEVICETYPE
is set to the device type specified by '-d' directive or 'auto' if none.

SMARTD_DEVICESTRING
is set to the device description. It starts with SMARTD_DEVICE and may be followed by an
optional controller identification (example: /dev/sda [SAT]). The string may contain a space
and is NOT quoted.

SMARTD_DEVICEINFO
is set to device identify information. It includes most of the info printed by smartctl -i
but uses a brief single line format. This device info is also logged when smartd starts up.
The string contains space characters and is NOT quoted.

SMARTD_FAILTYPE
gives the reason for the warning or message email. The possible values that it takes and
their meanings are:
EmailTest: this is an email test message.
Health: the SMART health status indicates imminent failure.
Usage: a usage Attribute has failed.
SelfTest: the number of self-test failures has increased.
ErrorCount: the number of errors in the ATA error log has increased.
CurrentPendingSector: one of more disk sectors could not be read and are marked to be
reallocated (replaced with spare sectors).
OfflineUncorrectableSector: during off-line testing, or self-testing, one or more disk sectors
could not be read.
Temperature: Temperature reached critical limit (see -W directive).
FailedHealthCheck: the SMART health status command failed.
FailedReadSmartData: the command to read SMART Attribute data failed.
FailedReadSmartErrorLog: the command to read the SMART error log failed.
FailedReadSmartSelfTestLog: the command to read the SMART self-test log failed.
FailedOpenDevice: the open() command to the device failed.

SMARTD_ADDRESS
is determined by the address argument ADD of the '-m' Directive. If ADD is <nomailer>, then
SMARTD_ADDRESS is not set. Otherwise, it is set to the comma-separated-list of email
addresses given by the argument ADD, with the commas replaced by spaces
(example:admin@example.com root). If more than one email address is given, then this string
will contain space characters and is NOT quoted, so to use it in a shell script you may want
to enclose it in double quotes.

SMARTD_MESSAGE
is set to the one sentence summary warning email message string from smartd. This message
string contains space characters and is NOT quoted. So to use $SMARTD_MESSAGE in a shell
script you should probably enclose it in double quotes.

SMARTD_FULLMESSAGE
is set to the contents of the entire email warning message string from smartd. This message
string contains space and return characters and is NOT quoted. So to use $SMARTD_FULLMESSAGE
in a shell script you should probably enclose it in double quotes.

SMARTD_TFIRST
is a text string giving the time and date at which the first problem of this type was
reported. This text string contains space characters and no newlines, and is NOT quoted. For
example:
Sun Feb 9 14:58:19 2003 CST

SMARTD_TFIRSTEPOCH
is an integer, which is the unix epoch (number of seconds since Jan 1, 1970) for
SMARTD_TFIRST.

SMARTD_PREVCNT
is an integer specifying the number of previous messages sent. It is set to '0' for the first
message.

SMARTD_NEXTDAYS
is an integer specifying the number of days until the next message will be sent. It it set to
empty on '-M once' and set to '1' on '-M daily'.

If the '-m ADD' Directive is given with a normal address argument, then the executable pointed to
by PATH will be run in a shell with STDIN receiving the body of the email message, and with the
same command-line arguments:
-s "$SMARTD_SUBJECT" $SMARTD_ADDRESS
that would normally be provided to 'mail'. Examples include:
-m user@home -M exec /usr/bin/mail
-m admin@work -M exec /usr/local/bin/mailto
-m root -M exec /Example_1/shell/script/below

If the '-m ADD' Directive is given with the special address argument <nomailer> then the
executable pointed to by PATH is run in a shell with no STDIN and no command-line arguments, for
example:
-m <nomailer> -M exec /Example_2/shell/script/below

If the executable produces any STDERR/STDOUT output, then smartd assumes that something is going
wrong, and a snippet of that output will be copied to SYSLOG. The remainder of the output is then
discarded.

Some EXAMPLES of scripts that can be used with the '-M exec' Directive are given below. Some
sample scripts are also included in /usr/share/doc/smartmontools/examples//.

The executable is run by the script /usr/share/smartmontools/smartd_warning.sh. This script
formats subject and full message based on SMARTD_MESSAGE and other environment variables set by
smartd. The environment variables SMARTD_SUBJECT and SMARTD_FULLMESSAGE are set by the script
before running the executable.

-f [ATA only] Check for 'failure' of any Usage Attributes. If these Attributes are less than or
equal to the threshold, it does NOT indicate imminent disk failure. It "indicates an advisory
condition where the usage or age of the device has exceeded its intended design life period."
[Please see the smartctl -A command-line option.]

-p [ATA only] Report anytime that a Prefail Attribute has changed its value since the last check.
[Please see the smartctl -A command-line option.]

-u [ATA only] Report anytime that a Usage Attribute has changed its value since the last check.
[Please see the smartctl -A command-line option.]

-t [ATA only] Equivalent to turning on the two previous flags '-p' and '-u'. Tracks changes in all
device Attributes (both Prefailure and Usage). [Please see the smartctl -A command-line option.]

-i ID [ATA only] Ignore device Attribute number ID when checking for failure of Usage Attributes. ID
must be a decimal integer in the range from 1 to 255. This Directive modifies the behavior of the
'-f' Directive and has no effect without it.

This is useful, for example, if you have a very old disk and don't want to keep getting messages
about the hours-on-lifetime Attribute (usually Attribute 9) failing. This Directive may appear
multiple times for a single device, if you want to ignore multiple Attributes.

-I ID [ATA only] Ignore device Attribute ID when tracking changes in the Attribute values. ID must be a
decimal integer in the range from 1 to 255. This Directive modifies the behavior of the '-p',
'-u', and '-t' tracking Directives and has no effect without one of them.

This is useful, for example, if one of the device Attributes is the disk temperature (usually
Attribute 194 or 231). It's annoying to get reports each time the temperature changes. This
Directive may appear multiple times for a single device, if you want to ignore multiple
Attributes.

-r ID[!]
[ATA only] When tracking, report the Raw value of Attribute ID along with its (normally reported)
Normalized value. ID must be a decimal integer in the range from 1 to 255. This Directive
modifies the behavior of the '-p', '-u', and '-t' tracking Directives and has no effect without
one of them. This Directive may be given multiple times.

A common use of this Directive is to track the device Temperature (often ID=194 or 231).

If the optional flag '!' is appended, a change of the Normalized value is considered critical.
The report will be logged as LOG_CRIT and a warning email will be sent if '-m' is specified.

-R ID[!]
[ATA only] When tracking, report whenever the Raw value of Attribute ID changes. (Normally smartd
only tracks/reports changes of the Normalized Attribute values.) ID must be a decimal integer in
the range from 1 to 255. This Directive modifies the behavior of the '-p', '-u', and '-t'
tracking Directives and has no effect without one of them. This Directive may be given multiple
times.

If this Directive is given, it automatically implies the '-r' Directive for the same Attribute, so
that the Raw value of the Attribute is reported.

A common use of this Directive is to track the device Temperature (often ID=194 or 231). It is
also useful for understanding how different types of system behavior affects the values of certain
Attributes.

If the optional flag '!' is appended, a change of the Raw value is considered critical. The
report will be logged as LOG_CRIT and a warning email will be sent if '-m' is specified. An
example is '-R 5!' to warn when new sectors are reallocated.

-C ID[+]
[ATA only] Report if the current number of pending sectors is non-zero. Here ID is the id number
of the Attribute whose raw value is the Current Pending Sector count. The allowed range of ID is
0 to 255 inclusive. To turn off this reporting, use ID = 0. If the -C ID option is not given,
then it defaults to -C 197 (since Attribute 197 is generally used to monitor pending sectors). If
the name of this Attribute is changed by a '-v 197,FORMAT,NAME' directive, the default is changed
to -C 0.

If '+' is specified, a report is only printed if the number of sectors has increased between two
check cycles. Some disks do not reset this attribute when a bad sector is reallocated. See also
'-v 197,increasing' below.

The warning email counter is reset if the number of pending sectors dropped to 0. This typically
happens when all pending sectors have been reallocated or could be read again.

A pending sector is a disk sector (containing 512 bytes of your data) which the device would like
to mark as "bad" and reallocate. Typically this is because your computer tried to read that
sector, and the read failed because the data on it has been corrupted and has inconsistent Error
Checking and Correction (ECC) codes. This is important to know, because it means that there is
some unreadable data on the disk. The problem of figuring out what file this data belongs to is
operating system and file system specific. You can typically force the sector to reallocate by
writing to it (translation: make the device substitute a spare good sector for the bad one) but at
the price of losing the 512 bytes of data stored there.

-U ID[+]
[ATA only] Report if the number of offline uncorrectable sectors is non-zero. Here ID is the id
number of the Attribute whose raw value is the Offline Uncorrectable Sector count. The allowed
range of ID is 0 to 255 inclusive. To turn off this reporting, use ID = 0. If the -U ID option
is not given, then it defaults to -U 198 (since Attribute 198 is generally used to monitor offline
uncorrectable sectors). If the name of this Attribute is changed by a '-v 198,FORMAT,NAME'
(except '-v 198,FORMAT,Offline_Scan_UNC_SectCt'), directive, the default is changed to -U 0.

If '+' is specified, a report is only printed if the number of sectors has increased since the
last check cycle. Some disks do not reset this attribute when a bad sector is reallocated. See
also '-v 198,increasing' below.

The warning email counter is reset if the number of offline uncorrectable sectors dropped to 0.
This typically happens when all offline uncorrectable sectors have been reallocated or could be
read again.

An offline uncorrectable sector is a disk sector which was not readable during an off-line scan or
a self-test. This is important to know, because if you have data stored in this disk sector, and
you need to read it, the read will fail. Please see the previous '-C' option for more details.

-W DIFF[,INFO[,CRIT]]
Report if the current temperature had changed by at least DIFF degrees since last report, or if
new min or max temperature is detected. Report or Warn if the temperature is greater or equal
than one of INFO or CRIT degrees Celsius. If the limit CRIT is reached, a message with loglevel
'LOG_CRIT' will be logged to syslog and a warning email will be send if '-m' is specified. If
only the limit INFO is reached, a message with loglevel 'LOG_INFO' will be logged.

The warning email counter is reset if the temperature dropped below INFO or CRIT-5 if INFO is not
specified.

If this directive is used in conjunction with state persistence ('-s' option), the min and max
temperature values are preserved across boot cycles. The minimum temperature value is not updated
during the first 30 minutes after startup.

To disable any of the 3 reports, set the corresponding limit to 0. Trailing zero arguments may be
omitted. By default, all temperature reports are disabled ('-W 0').

To track temperature changes of at least 2 degrees, use:
-W 2
To log informal messages on temperatures of at least 40 degrees, use:
-W 0,40
For warning messages/mails on temperatures of at least 45 degrees, use:
-W 0,0,45
To combine all of the above reports, use:
-W 2,40,45

For ATA devices, smartd interprets Attribute 194 or 190 as Temperature Celsius by default. This
can be changed to Attribute 9 or 220 by the drive database or by the '-v 9,temp' or '-v 220,temp'
directive.

For NVMe devices, smartd checks the maximum of the Composite Temperature value and all Temperature
Sensor values reported by SMART/Health Information log.

-F TYPE
[ATA only] Modifies the behavior of smartd to compensate for some known and understood device
firmware bug. This directive may be used multiple times. The valid arguments are:

none - Assume that the device firmware obeys the ATA specifications. This is the default, unless
the device has presets for '-F' in the drive database. Using this directive will override any
preset values.

nologdir - Suppresses read attempts of SMART or GP Log Directory. Support for all standard logs
is assumed without an actual check. Some Intel SSDs may freeze if log address 0 is read.

samsung - In some Samsung disks (example: model SV4012H Firmware Version: RM100-08) some of the
two- and four-byte quantities in the SMART data structures are byte-swapped (relative to the ATA
specification). Enabling this option tells smartd to evaluate these quantities in byte-reversed
order. Some signs that your disk needs this option are (1) no self-test log printed, even though
you have run self-tests; (2) very large numbers of ATA errors reported in the ATA error log; (3)
strange and impossible values for the ATA error log timestamps.

samsung2 - In some Samsung disks the number of ATA errors reported is byte swapped. Enabling this
option tells smartd to evaluate this quantity in byte-reversed order.

samsung3 - Some Samsung disks (at least SP2514N with Firmware VF100-37) report a self-test still
in progress with 0% remaining when the test was already completed. If this directive is
specified, smartd will not skip the next scheduled self-test (see Directive '-s' above) in this
case.

xerrorlba - This only affects smartctl.

[Please see the smartctl -F command-line option.]

-v ID,FORMAT[:BYTEORDER][,NAME]
[ATA only] Sets a vendor-specific raw value print FORMAT, an optional BYTEORDER and an optional
NAME for Attribute ID. This directive may be used multiple times. Please see smartctl -v
command-line option for further details.

The following arguments affect smartd warning output:

197,increasing - Raw Attribute number 197 (Current Pending Sector Count) is not reset if
uncorrectable sectors are reallocated. This sets '-C 197+' if no other '-C' directive is
specified.

198,increasing - Raw Attribute number 198 (Offline Uncorrectable Sector Count) is not reset if
uncorrectable sectors are reallocated. This sets '-U 198+' if no other '-U' directive is
specified.

-P TYPE
[ATA only] Specifies whether smartd should use any preset options that are available for this
drive. The valid arguments to this Directive are:

use - use any presets that are available for this drive. This is the default.

ignore - do not use any presets for this drive.

show - show the presets listed for this drive in the database.

showall - show the presets that are available for all drives and then exit.

[Please see the smartctl -P command-line option.]

-a Equivalent to turning on all of the following Directives: '-H' to check the SMART health status,
'-f' to report failures of Usage (rather than Prefail) Attributes, '-t' to track changes in both
Prefailure and Usage Attributes, '-l error' to report increases in the number of ATA errors,
'-l selftest' to report increases in the number of Self-Test Log errors, '-l selfteststs' to
report changes of Self-Test execution status, '-C 197' to report nonzero values of the current
pending sector count, and '-U 198' to report nonzero values of the offline pending sector count.

Note that -a is the default for ATA devices. If none of these other Directives is given, then -a
is assumed.

# Comment: ignore the remainder of the line.

\ Continuation character: if this is the last non-white or non-comment character on a line, then the
following line is a continuation of the current one.

If you are not sure which Directives to use, I suggest experimenting for a few minutes with smartctl to
see what SMART functionality your disk(s) support(s). If you do not like voluminous syslog messages, a
good choice of smartd configuration file Directives might be:
-H -l selftest -l error -f.
If you want more frequent information, use: -a.

EXAMPLES OF SHELL SCRIPTS FOR '-M exec'
These are two examples of shell scripts that can be used with the '-M exec PATH' Directive
described previously. The paths to these scripts and similar executables is the PATH argument to
the '-M exec PATH' Directive.

Example 1: This script is for use with '-m ADDRESS -M exec PATH'. It appends the output of
smartctl -a to the output of the smartd email warning message and sends it to ADDRESS.

#! /bin/sh

# Save the email message (STDIN) to a file:
cat > /root/msg

# Append the output of smartctl -a to the message:
/usr/sbin/smartctl -a -d $SMART_DEVICETYPE \
$SMARTD_DEVICE >> /root/msg

# Now email the message to the user at address ADD:
/usr/bin/mail -s "$SMARTD_SUBJECT" $SMARTD_ADDRESS \
< /root/msg

Example 2: This script is for use with '-m <nomailer> -M exec PATH'. It warns all users about a
disk problem, waits 30 seconds, and then powers down the machine.

#! /bin/sh

# Warn all users of a problem
wall <<EOF
Problem detected with disk: $SMARTD_DEVICESTRING
Warning message from smartd is: $SMARTD_MESSAGE
Shutting down machine in 30 seconds...
EOF

# Wait half a minute
sleep 30

# Power down the machine
/sbin/shutdown -hf now

Some example scripts are distributed with the smartmontools package, in
/usr/share/doc/smartmontools/examples/.

Please note that these scripts typically run as root, so any files that they read/write should not
be writable by ordinary users or reside in directories like /tmp that are writable by ordinary
users and may expose your system to symlink attacks.

As previously described, if the scripts write to STDOUT or STDERR, this is interpreted as
indicating that there was an internal error within the script, and a snippet of STDOUT/STDERR is
logged to SYSLOG. The remainder is flushed.

FILES

       /etc/smartd.conf
              full path of this file.

PACKAGE VERSION