Ubuntu Manpage: pam_unix - Module for traditional password authentication

Provided by: libpam-modules_1.3.1-5ubuntu4.7_amd64

NAME

       pam_unix - Module for traditional password authentication

SYNOPSIS


       pam_unix.so [...]

DESCRIPTION

This is the standard Unix authentication module. It uses standard calls from the system's libraries to
retrieve and set account information as well as authentication. Usually this is obtained from the
/etc/passwd and the /etc/shadow file as well if shadow is enabled.

The account component performs the task of establishing the status of the user's account and password
based on the following shadow elements: expire, last_change, max_change, min_change, warn_change. In the
case of the latter, it may offer advice to the user on changing their password or, through the
PAM_AUTHTOKEN_REQD return, delay giving service to the user until they have established a new password.
The entries listed above are documented in the shadow(5) manual page. Should the user's record not
contain one or more of these entries, the corresponding shadow check is not performed.

The authentication component performs the task of checking the users credentials (password). The default
action of this module is to not permit the user access to a service if their official password is blank.

A helper binary, unix_chkpwd(8), is provided to check the user's password when it is stored in a read
protected database. This binary is very simple and will only check the password of the user invoking it.
It is called transparently on behalf of the user by the authenticating component of this module. In this
way it is possible for applications like xlock(1) to work without being setuid-root. The module, by
default, will temporarily turn off SIGCHLD handling for the duration of execution of the helper binary.
This is generally the right thing to do, as many applications are not prepared to handle this signal from
a child they didn't know was fork()d. The noreap module argument can be used to suppress this temporary
shielding and may be needed for use with certain applications.

The maximum length of a password supported by the pam_unix module via the helper binary is
PAM_MAX_RESP_SIZE - currently 512 bytes. The rest of the password provided by the conversation function
to the module will be ignored.

The password component of this module performs the task of updating the user's password. The default
encryption hash is taken from the ENCRYPT_METHOD variable from /etc/login.defs

The session component of this module logs when a user logins or leave the system.

Remaining arguments, supported by others functions of this module, are silently ignored. Other arguments
are logged as errors through syslog(3).

OPTIONS

debug
Turns on debugging via syslog(3).

audit
A little more extreme than debug.

quiet
Turns off informational messages namely messages about session open and close via syslog(3).

nullok
The default action of this module is to not permit the user access to a service if their official
password is blank. The nullok argument overrides this default.

try_first_pass
Before prompting the user for their password, the module first tries the previous stacked module's
password in case that satisfies this module as well.

use_first_pass
The argument use_first_pass forces the module to use a previous stacked modules password and will
never prompt the user - if no password is available or the password is not appropriate, the user will
be denied access.

nodelay
This argument can be used to discourage the authentication component from requesting a delay should
the authentication as a whole fail. The default action is for the module to request a
delay-on-failure of the order of two second.

use_authtok
When password changing enforce the module to set the new password to the one provided by a previously
stacked password module (this is used in the example of the stacking of the pam_cracklib module
documented below).

authtok_type=type
This argument can be used to modify the password prompt when changing passwords to include the type
of the password. Empty by default.

nis
NIS RPC is used for setting new passwords.

remember=n
The last n passwords for each user are saved in /etc/security/opasswd in order to force password
change history and keep the user from alternating between the same password too frequently. The MD5
password hash algorithm is used for storing the old passwords. Instead of this option the
pam_pwhistory module should be used.

shadow
Try to maintain a shadow based system.

md5
When a user changes their password next, encrypt it with the MD5 algorithm.

bigcrypt
When a user changes their password next, encrypt it with the DEC C2 algorithm.

sha256
When a user changes their password next, encrypt it with the SHA256 algorithm. If the SHA256
algorithm is not known to the crypt(3) function, fall back to MD5.

sha512
When a user changes their password next, encrypt it with the SHA512 algorithm. If the SHA512
algorithm is not known to the crypt(3) function, fall back to MD5.

blowfish
When a user changes their password next, encrypt it with the blowfish algorithm. If the blowfish
algorithm is not known to the crypt(3) function, fall back to MD5.

rounds=n
Set the optional number of rounds of the SHA256, SHA512 and blowfish password hashing algorithms to
n.

broken_shadow
Ignore errors reading shadow information for users in the account management module.

minlen=n
Set a minimum password length of n characters. The default value is 6. The maximum for DES
crypt-based passwords is 8 characters.

obscure
Enable some extra checks on password strength. These checks are based on the "obscure" checks in the
original shadow package. The behavior is similar to the pam_cracklib module, but for
non-dictionary-based checks. The following checks are implemented:

Palindrome
Verifies that the new password is not a palindrome of (i.e., the reverse of) the previous one.

Case Change Only
Verifies that the new password isn't the same as the old one with a change of case.

Similar
Verifies that the new password isn't too much like the previous one.

Simple
Is the new password too simple? This is based on the length of the password and the number of
different types of characters (alpha, numeric, etc.) used.

Rotated
Is the new password a rotated version of the old password? (E.g., "billy" and "illyb")

no_pass_expiry
When set ignore password expiration as defined by the shadow entry of the user. The option has an
effect only in case pam_unix was not used for the authentication or it returned authentication
failure meaning that other authentication source or method succeeded. The example can be public key
authentication in sshd. The module will return PAM_SUCCESS instead of eventual PAM_NEW_AUTHTOK_REQD
or PAM_AUTHTOK_EXPIRED.

Invalid arguments are logged with syslog(3).

MODULE TYPES PROVIDED

       All module types (account, auth, password and session) are provided.

RETURN VALUES

       PAM_IGNORE
           Ignore this module.

EXAMPLES

       An example usage for /etc/pam.d/login would be:

           # Authenticate the user
           auth       required   pam_unix.so
           # Ensure users account and password are still active
           account    required   pam_unix.so
           # Change the user's password, but at first check the strength
           # with pam_cracklib(8)
           password   required   pam_cracklib.so retry=3 minlen=6 difok=3
           password   required   pam_unix.so use_authtok nullok md5
           session    required   pam_unix.so

AUTHOR

       pam_unix was written by various people.

Linux-PAM Manual                                   05/18/2017                                        PAM_UNIX(8)