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NAME

       bitmap, bmtoa, atobm - bitmap editor and converter utilities for the X Window System

SYNOPSIS

       bitmap [ -options ... ] [ filename ] [ basename ]

       bmtoa [ -chars ... ] [ filename ]

       atobm [ -chars cc ] [ -name variable ] [ -xhot number ] [ -yhot number ] [ filename ]

DESCRIPTION

       The  bitmap  program is a rudimentary tool for creating or editing rectangular images made
       up of 1's and 0's.  Bitmaps are used in X for defining clipping  regions,  cursor  shapes,
       icon shapes, and tile and stipple patterns.

       The  bmtoa and atobm filters convert bitmap files (FILE FORMAT) to and from ASCII strings.
       They are most commonly used to quickly print out bitmaps  and  to  generate  versions  for
       including in text.

COMMAND LINE OPTIONS

       Bitmap  supports  the standard X Toolkit command line arguments (see X(7)).  The following
       additional arguments are supported as well.

       -size WIDTHxHEIGHT
           Specifies size of the grid in squares.

       -sw dimension
           Specifies the width of squares in pixels.

       -sh dimension
           Specifies the height of squares in pixels.

       -gt dimension
           Grid tolerance.  If the square dimensions fall below the specified value, grid will be
           automatically turned off.

       -grid, +grid
           Turns on or off the grid lines.

       -axes, +axes
           Turns on or off the major axes.

       -dashed, +dashed
           Turns on or off dashing for the frame and grid lines.

       -stippled, +stippled
           Turns on or off stippling of highlighted squares.

       -proportional, +proportional
           Turns  proportional mode on or off.  If proportional mode is on, square width is equal
           to square height.  If proportional mode is off, bitmap will  use  the  smaller  square
           dimension, if they were initially different.

       -dashes filename
           Specifies the bitmap to be used as a stipple for dashing.

       -stipple filename
           Specifies the bitmap to be used as a stipple for highlighting.

       -hl color
           Specifies the color used for highlighting.

       -fr color
           Specifies the color used for the frame and grid lines.

       filename
           Specifies  the  bitmap  to be initially loaded into the program.  If the file does not
           exist, bitmap will assume it is a new file.

       basename
           Specifies the basename to be used in the C code output file.  If it is different  than
           the basename in the working file, bitmap will change it when saving the file.

       Bmtoa accepts the following option:

       -chars cc
           This  option  specifies  the  pair  of  characters to use in the string version of the
           bitmap.  The first character is used for 0 bits and the second character is used for 1
           bits.  The default is to use dashes (-) for 0's and sharp signs (#) for 1's.

       Atobm accepts the following options:

       -chars cc
           This  option  specifies  the  pair of characters to use when converting string bitmaps
           into arrays of numbers.  The first  character  represents  a  0  bit  and  the  second
           character  represents  a  1  bit.   The default is to use dashes (-) for 0's and sharp
           signs (#) for 1's.

       -name variable
           This option specifies the variable name to be used when writing out the  bitmap  file.
           The  default  is to use the basename of the filename command line argument or leave it
           blank if the standard input is read.

       -xhot number
           This option specifies the X coordinate of  the  hotspot.   Only  positive  values  are
           allowed.  By default, no hotspot information is included.

       -yhot number
           This  option  specifies  the  Y  coordinate  of the hotspot.  Only positive values are
           allowed.  By default, no hotspot information is included.

USAGE

       Bitmap displays grid in which each square represents a single bit  in  the  picture  being
       edited.  Actual size of the bitmap image, as it would appear normally and inverted, can be
       obtained by pressing Meta-I key.  You are free to move the image popup out of the  way  to
       continue editing.  Pressing the left mouse button in the popup window or Meta-I again will
       remove the real size bitmap image.

       If the bitmap is to be used for defining a cursor, one of the squares in the images may be
       designated  as  the hot spot.  This determines where the cursor is actually pointing.  For
       cursors with sharp tips (such as arrows or fingers), this is usually at  the  end  of  the
       tip; for symmetric cursors (such as crosses or bullseyes), this is usually at the center.

       Bitmaps are stored as small C code fragments suitable for including in applications.  They
       provide an array of bits as well as symbolic constants giving the width, height,  and  hot
       spot (if specified) that may be used in creating cursors, icons, and tiles.

EDITING

       To  edit  a  bitmap image simply click on one of the buttons with drawing commands (Point,
       Curve, Line, Rectangle, etc.) and move the pointer into the bitmap grid window.  Press one
       of  the  buttons on your mouse and the appropriate action will take place.  You can either
       set, clear or invert the gird squares.  Setting a grid square corresponds to setting a bit
       in  the  bitmap  image  to  1.  Clearing a grid square corresponds to setting a bit in the
       bitmap image to 0.  Inverting a grid square corresponds to changing a bit  in  the  bitmap
       image  from 0 to 1 or 1 to 0, depending what its previous state was.  The default behavior
       of mouse buttons is as specified below.

                 MouseButton1        Set
                 MouseButton2        Invert
                 MouseButton3        Clear
                 MouseButton4        Clear
                 MouseButton5        Clear

       This default behavior can be changed by setting the button function resources.  An example
       is provided below.

                 bitmap*button1Function: Set
                 bitmap*button2Function: Clear
                 bitmap*button3Function: Invert
                 etc.

       The  button  function  applies  to  all  drawing  commands,  including copying, moving and
       pasting, flood filling and setting the hot spot.

DRAWING COMMANDS

       Here is the list of drawing commands accessible through the buttons at the  left  side  of
       the  application's  window.   Some commands can be aborted by pressing A inside the bitmap
       window, allowing the user to select different guiding points where applicable.

       Clear
           This command clears all bits in the bitmap image.  The grid squares will be set to the
           background color.  Pressing C inside the bitmap window has the same effect.

       Set This  command  sets all bits in the bitmap image.  The grid squares will be set to the
           foreground color.  Pressing S inside the bitmap window has the same effect.

       Invert
           This command inverts all bits in the bitmap image.  The grid squares will be  inverted
           appropriately.  Pressing I inside the bitmap window has the same effect.

       Mark
           This  command  is used to mark an area of the grid by dragging out a rectangular shape
           in the highlighting color.  Once the area is marked, it can be operated on by a number
           of commands (see Up, Down, Left, Right, Rotate, Flip, Cut, etc.)  Only one marked area
           can be present at any time.  If you attempt to mark another area, the  old  mark  will
           vanish.   The  same effect can be achieved by pressing Shift-MouseButton1 and dragging
           out a rectangle in the grid window.  Pressing Shift-MouseButton2 will mark the  entire
           grid area.

       Unmark
           This command will cause the marked area to vanish.  The same effect can be achieved by
           pressing Shift-MouseButton3.

       Copy
           This command is used to copy an area of the grid from one  location  to  another.   If
           there  is  no marked grid area displayed, Copy behaves just like Mark described above.
           Once there is a marked grid area displayed in the highlighting color, this command has
           two  alternative  behaviors.   If you click a mouse button inside the marked area, you
           will be able to drag the rectangle that represents the  marked  area  to  the  desired
           location.   After you release the mouse button, the area will be copied.  If you click
           outside the marked area, Copy will assume that you wish to mark a different region  of
           the bitmap image, thus it will behave like Mark again.

       Move
           This  command  is  used to move an area of the grid from one location to another.  Its
           behavior resembles the behavior of Copy command, except that the marked area  will  be
           moved instead of copied.

       Flip Horizontally
           This  command  will  flip  the bitmap image with respect to the horizontal axes.  If a
           marked area of the grid is highlighted, it will operate only inside the  marked  area.
           Pressing H inside the bitmap window has the same effect.

       Up  This  command  moves  the  bitmap image one pixel up.  If a marked area of the grid is
           highlighted, it will operate only inside the marked area.  Pressing UpArrow inside the
           bitmap window has the same effect.

       Flip Vertically
           This  command  will  flip  the  bitmap  image with respect to the vertical axes.  If a
           marked area of the grid is highlighted, it will operate only inside the  marked  area.
           Pressing V inside the bitmap window has the same effect.

       Left
           This  command  moves  the bitmap image one pixel to the left.  If a marked area of the
           grid is highlighted, it will operate only inside the marked area.  Pressing  LeftArrow
           inside the bitmap window has the same effect.

       Fold
           This  command will fold the bitmap image so that the opposite corners become adjacent.
           This is useful when creating bitmap images for tiling.  Pressing F inside  the  bitmap
           window has the same effect.

       Right
           This  command  moves the bitmap image one pixel to the right.  If a marked area of the
           grid is highlighted, it will operate only inside the marked area.  Pressing RightArrow
           inside the bitmap window has the same effect.

       Rotate Left
           This  command rotates the bitmap image 90 degrees to the left (counter clockwise.)  If
           a marked area of the grid is highlighted, it will operate only inside the marked area.
           Pressing L inside the bitmap window has the same effect.

       Down
           This  command  moves the bitmap image one pixel down.  If a marked area of the grid is
           highlighted, it will operate only inside the marked area.  Pressing  DownArrow  inside
           the bitmap window has the same effect.

       Rotate Right
           This  command  rotates  the  bitmap  image  90 degrees to the right (clockwise.)  If a
           marked area of the grid is highlighted, it will operate only inside the  marked  area.
           Pressing R inside the bitmap window has the same effect.

       Point
           This  command  will  change  the  grid squares underneath the mouse pointer if a mouse
           button is being pressed down.  If you drag the mouse button continuously, the line may
           not be continuous, depending on the speed of your system and frequency of mouse motion
           events.

       Curve
           This command will change the grid squares underneath the  mouse  pointer  if  a  mouse
           button is being pressed down.  If you drag the mouse button continuously, it will make
           sure that the line is continuous.  If your system is slow or bitmap receives very  few
           mouse motion events, it might behave quite strangely.

       Line
           This  command  will  change  the gird squares in a line between two squares.  Once you
           press a mouse button in the grid window, bitmap  will  highlight  the  line  from  the
           square  where  the  mouse  button  was initially pressed to the square where the mouse
           pointer is located.  By releasing the mouse button you will cause the change  to  take
           effect, and the highlighted line will disappear.

       Rectangle
           This  command  will  change the gird squares in a rectangle between two squares.  Once
           you press a mouse button in the grid window, bitmap will highlight the rectangle  from
           the  square where the mouse button was initially pressed to the square where the mouse
           pointer is located.  By releasing the mouse button you will cause the change  to  take
           effect, and the highlighted rectangle will disappear.

       Filled Rectangle
           This command is identical to Rectangle, except at the end the rectangle will be filled
           rather than outlined.

       Circle
           This command will change the gird squares in a circle between two squares.   Once  you
           press  a  mouse  button  in the grid window, bitmap will highlight the circle from the
           square where the mouse button was initially pressed to  the  square  where  the  mouse
           pointer  is  located.  By releasing the mouse button you will cause the change to take
           effect, and the highlighted circle will disappear.

       Filled Circle
           This command is identical to Circle, except at the  end  the  circle  will  be  filled
           rather than outlined.

       Flood Fill
           This  command will flood fill the connected area underneath the mouse pointer when you
           click on the desired square.  Diagonally adjacent squares are  not  considered  to  be
           connected.

       Set Hot Spot
           This command designates one square in the grid as the hot spot if this bitmap image is
           to be used for defining a cursor.  Pressing a mouse button in the desired square  will
           cause a diamond shape to be displayed.

       Clear Hot Spot
           This command removes any designated hot spot from the bitmap image.

       Undo
           This command will undo the last executed command.  It has depth one, that is, pressing
           Undo after Undo will undo itself.

FILE MENU

       The File menu commands can be accessed by pressing  the  File  button  and  selecting  the
       appropriate  menu  entry,  or  by pressing Ctrl key with another key.  These commands deal
       with files and global bitmap parameters, such as size, basename, filename etc.

       New This command will clear the editing area and prompt for the name of the new file to be
           edited.  It will not load in the new file.

       Load
           This command is used to load a new bitmap file into the bitmap editor.  If the current
           image has not been saved, user will be asked whether to save or  ignore  the  changes.
           The  editor  can edit only one file at a time.  If you need interactive editing, run a
           number of editors and use cut and paste mechanism as described below.

       Insert
           This command is used to insert a bitmap file into the image  being  currently  edited.
           After  being  prompted  for  the  filename,  click inside the grid window and drag the
           outlined rectangle to the location where you want to insert the new file.

       Save
           This command will save the bitmap image.  It will not prompt for the  filename  unless
           it is said to be <none>.  If you leave the filename undesignated or -, the output will
           be piped to stdout.

       Save As
           This command will save the bitmap image after prompting for a new filename.  It should
           be used if you want to change the filename.

       Resize
           This command is used to resize the editing area to the new number of pixels.  The size
           should be entered in the WIDTHxHEIGHT format.  The  information  in  the  image  being
           edited  will  not  be lost unless the new size is smaller that the current image size.
           The editor was not designed to edit huge files.

       Rescale
           This command is used to rescale the editing area to the new  width  and  height.   The
           size  should  be  entered in the WIDTHxHEIGHT format.  It will not do antialiasing and
           information will be lost if you rescale to the smaller sizes.  Feel free  to  add  you
           own algorithms for better rescaling.

       Filename
           This  command  is used to change the filename without changing the basename nor saving
           the file.  If you specify - for a filename, the output will be piped to stdout.

       Basename
           This command is used to change the basename, if a different  one  from  the  specified
           filename is desired.

       Quit
           This  command  will terminate the bitmap application.  If the file was not saved, user
           will be prompted and asked whether  to  save  the  image  or  not.   This  command  is
           preferred over killing the process.

EDIT MENU

       The  Edit  menu  commands  can  be  accessed by pressing the Edit button and selecting the
       appropriate menu entry, or by pressing Meta key with another  key.   These  commands  deal
       with editing facilities such as grid, axes, zooming, cut and paste, etc.

       Image
           This command will display the image being edited and its inverse in its actual size in
           a separate window.  The window can be moved away to continue with  editing.   Pressing
           the left mouse button in the image window will cause it to disappear from the screen.

       Grid
           This  command controls the grid in the editing area.  If the grid spacing is below the
           value  specified  by  gridTolerance  resource  (8  by  default),  the  grid  will   be
           automatically turned off.  It can be enforced by explicitly activating this command.

       Dashed
           This  command  controls the stipple for drawing the grid lines.  The stipple specified
           by dashes resource can be turned on or off by activating this command.

       Axes
           This command controls the highlighting of the main axes of  the  image  being  edited.
           The  actual  lines  are  not  part  of  the image.  They are provided to aid user when
           constructing symmetrical images, or whenever having the main  axes  highlighted  helps
           your editing.

       Stippled
           This command controls the stippling of the highlighted areas of the bitmap image.  The
           stipple specified by stipple resource can be turned  on  or  off  by  activating  this
           command.

       Proportional
           This  command  controls  the proportional mode.  If the proportional mode is on, width
           and height of all image squares are forced to be equal, regardless of the  proportions
           of the bitmap window.

       Zoom
           This  command  controls the zoom mode.  If there is a marked area of the image already
           displayed, bitmap will automatically zoom into  it.   Otherwise,  user  will  have  to
           highlight  an  area to be edited in the zoom mode and bitmap will automatically switch
           into it.  One can use all the editing commands and other utilities in the  zoom  mode.
           When you zoom out, undo command will undo the whole zoom session.

       Cut This  commands  cuts  the contents of the highlighted image area into the internal cut
           and paste buffer.

       Copy
           This command copies the contents of the highlighted image area into the  internal  cut
           and paste buffer.

       Paste
           This  command will check if there are any other bitmap applications with a highlighted
           image area, or if there is something in the internal cut and paste buffer and copy  it
           to  the  image.   To  place the copied image, click in the editing window and drag the
           outlined image to the position where you want to place i, and then release the button.

CUT AND PASTE

       Bitmap supports two cut and paste mechanisms; the internal cut and paste and the global  X
       selection  cut and paste.  The internal cut and paste is used when executing copy and move
       drawing commands and also cut and  copy  commands  from  the  edit  menu.   The  global  X
       selection  cut  and  paste  is used whenever there is a highlighted area of a bitmap image
       displayed anywhere on the screen.  To copy a part of  image  from  another  bitmap  editor
       simply  highlight the desired area by using the Mark command or pressing the shift key and
       dragging the area with the left mouse button.  When the selected area becomes highlighted,
       any other applications (such as xterm, etc.) that use primary selection will discard their
       selection values and unhighlight the appropriate information.  Now, use the Paste  command
       for  the Edit menu or control mouse button to copy the selected part of image into another
       (or the same) bitmap application.  If you attempt to do this without a visible highlighted
       image  area,  the  bitmap  will  fall  back to the internal cut and paste buffer and paste
       whatever was there stored at the moment.

WIDGETS

       Below  is  the  widget  structure  of  the  bitmap  application.   Indentation   indicates
       hierarchical  structure.   The  widget  class  name is given first, followed by the widget
       instance name.  All widgets except the bitmap widget are from the standard  Athena  widget
       set.

            Bitmap bitmap
                 TransientShell image
                      Box box
                           Label normalImage
                           Label invertedImage
                 TransientShell input
                      Dialog dialog
                           Command okay
                           Command cancel
                 TransientShell error
                      Dialog dialog
                           Command abort
                           Command retry
                 TransientShell qsave
                      Dialog dialog
                           Command yes
                           Command no
                           Command cancel
                 Paned parent
                      Form formy
                           MenuButton fileButton
                           SimpleMenu fileMenu
                                SmeBSB  new
                                SmeBSB  load
                                SmeBSB  insert
                                SmeBSB  save
                                SmeBSB  saveAs
                                SmeBSB  resize
                                SmeBSB  rescale
                                SmeBSB  filename
                                SmeBSB  basename
                                SmeLine line
                                SmeBSB  quit
                           MenuButton editButton
                           SimpleMenu editMenu
                                SmeBSB  image
                                SmeBSB  grid
                                SmeBSB  dashed
                                SmeBSB  axes
                                SmeBSB  stippled
                                SmeBSB  proportional
                                SmeBSB  zoom
                                SmeLine line
                                SmeBSB  cut
                                SmeBSB  copy
                                SmeBSB  paste
                           Label status
                      Pane pane
                           Bitmap bitmap
                           Form form
                                Command clear
                                Command set
                                Command invert
                                Toggle  mark
                                Command unmark
                                Toggle  copy
                                Toggle  move
                                Command flipHoriz
                                Command up
                                Command flipVert
                                Command left
                                Command fold
                                Command right
                                Command rotateLeft
                                Command down
                                Command rotateRight
                                Toggle  point
                                Toggle  curve
                                Toggle  line
                                Toggle  rectangle
                                Toggle  filledRectangle
                                Toggle  circle
                                Toggle  filledCircle
                                Toggle  floodFill
                                Toggle  setHotSpot
                                Command clearHotSpot
                                Command undo

COLORS

       If  you  would  like  bitmap  to be viewable in color, include the following in the #ifdef
       COLOR section of the file you read with xrdb:

       *customization:                 -color

       This will cause bitmap to pick up the colors in the app-defaults color customization file:

           /etc/X11/app-defaults/Bitmap-color

BITMAP WIDGET

       Bitmap widget is a stand-alone widget for editing raster images.  It is  not  designed  to
       edit  large  images,  although  it  may be used in that purpose as well.  It can be freely
       incorporated with other applications and used as a standard editing tool.   The  following
       are the resources provided by the bitmap widget.

       Bitmap Widget

       Header file     Bitmap.h
       Class           bitmapWidgetClass
       Class Name      Bitmap
       Superclass      Bitmap

       All the Simple Widget resources plus ...

       Name              Class             Type              Default Value
       foreground        Foreground        Pixel             XtDefaultForeground
       highlight         Highlight         Pixel             XtDefaultForeground
       framing           Framing           Pixel             XtDefaultForeground

       gridTolerance     GridTolerance     Dimension         8
       size              Size              String            32x32
       dashed            Dashed            Boolean           True
       grid              Grid              Boolean           True
       stippled          Stippled          Boolean           True
       proportional      Proportional      Boolean           True
       axes              Axes              Boolean           False
       squareWidth       SquareWidth       Dimension         16
       squareHeight      SquareHeight      Dimension         16
       margin            Margin            Dimension         16
       xHot              XHot              Position          NotSet (-1)
       yHot              YHot              Position          NotSet (-1)
       button1Function   Button1Function   DrawingFunction   Set
       button2Function   Button2Function   DrawingFunction   Invert
       button3Function   Button3Function   DrawingFunction   Clear
       button4Function   Button4Function   DrawingFunction   Invert
       button5Function   Button5Function   DrawingFunction   Invert
       filename          Filename          String            None ("")
       basename          Basename          String            None ("")

AUTHOR

       Davor Matic, MIT X Consortium