Provided by: djvulibre-bin_3.5.27.1-14ubuntu0.1_amd64 
NAME
djvused - Multi-purpose DjVu document editor.
SYNOPSIS
djvused [options] djvufile
DESCRIPTION
Program djvused is a powerful command line tool for manipulating multi-page documents, creating or
editing annotation chunks, creating or editing hidden text layers, pre-computing thumbnail images, and
more. The program first reads the DjVu document djvufile and executes a number of djvused commands.
Djvused commands can be read from a specific file (when option -f is specified), read from the command
line (when option -e is specified), or read from the standard input (the default).
OPTIONS
-v Cause djvused to print a command line prompt before reading commands and a brief message
describing how each command was executed. This option is very useful for debugging djvused
scripts and also for interactively entering djvused commands on the standard input.
-f scriptfile
Cause djvused to read commands from file scriptfile.
-e command
Cause djvused to execute the commands specified by the option argument commands. It is advisable
to surround the djvused commands by single quotes in order to prevent unwanted shell expansion.
-s Cause djvused to save the file djvufile after executing the specified commands. This is similar
to executing command save immediately before terminating the program.
-u Cause djvused to print hidden text and annotations as UTF-8 instead of encoding non-ASCII
characters with octal escape sequences for maximal portability. This option is convenient for
manually editing or viewing the djvused output. This option also causes the emission of an UTF-8
BOM under Windows.
-n Cause djvused to disregard save commands. This is useful for debugging djvused scripts without
overwriting files on your disk.
DJVUSED EXAMPLES
There are many ways to use program djvused. The following examples illustrate some common uses of this
program.
Obtaining the size of a page
Command size outputs the width and height of the selected pages using a HTML friendly syntax. For
instance, the following command prints the size of page 3 of document myfile.djvu.
djvused myfile.djvu -e 'select 3; size'
Extracting the hidden text
Command print-pure-txt outputs the text associated with a page or a document. For instance, the
following shell command outputs the text for the entire document. Lines and pages are delimited by the
usual control characters.
djvused myfile.djvu -e 'print-pure-txt'
Command print-txt produces a more extensive output describing the structure and the location of the text
components. The syntax of this output is described later in this man page. For instance, the following
shell command outputs extended text information for page 3 of document myfile.djvu.
djvused myfile.djvu -e 'select 3; print-txt'
Extracting the annotations
Annotation data can be extracted using command print-ant. The syntax of the annotation data is described
later in this man page. For instance, the following shell command outputs the annotation data for the
first page of document myfile.djvu.
djvused myfile.djvu -e 'select 1; print-ant'
Command print-ant only prints the annotations stored in the selected component file. Command print-
merged-ant also retrieves annotations from all the component files referenced by the current page (using
INCL chunks) and prints the merged information.
Dumping/restoring annotations and text
Three commands, output-txt, output-ant, and output-all, produce djvused scripts. For instance, the
following shell command produces a djvused script, myfile.dsed, that recreates all the text and
annotation data in document myfile.djvu.
djvused myfile.djvu -e 'output-all' > myfile.dsed
Script myfile.dsed is a text file that can be easily edited. The following shell command then recreates
the text and annotation information in file myfile.djvu.
djvused myfile.djvu -f myfile.dsed -s
Extracting a page
Both commands save-page and save-page-with create a DjVu file representing the selected component file of
a document. The following shell command, for instance, creates a file p05.djvu containing page 5 of
document myfile.djvu.
djvused myfile.djvu -e 'select 5; save-page p05.djvu'
Each page of a document might import data from another component file using the so-called inclusion (
INCL ) chunks. Command save-page then produces a file with unresolved references to imported data. Such
a file should then be made part of a multi-page document containing the required data in other component
files. On the other hand, command save-page-with copies all the imported data into the output file.
This file is directly usable. Yet collecting several such files into a multi-page document might lead to
useless data replication.
Pre-computing thumbnails
Commands set-thumbnails constructs thumbnails that can be later displayed by DjVu viewers. The following
shell command, for instance, computes thumbnails of size 64x64 pixels for all pages of file myfile.djvu.
djvused myfile.djvu -e 'set-thumbnails 64' -s
DJVUSED COMMANDS
Command lines might contain zero, one, or more djvused commands and an optional comment. Multiple
djvused commands must be separated by a semicolon character ';'. Comments are introduced by the '#'
character and extend until the end of the command line.
Selection commands
Multi-page DjVu documents are composed of a number of component files. Most component files describe a
specific page of a document. Some component files contain information shared by several pages such as
shared image data, shared annotations or thumbnails. Many djvused commands operate on selected component
files. All component files are initially selected. The following commands are useful for changing the
selection.
n Print the total number of pages in the document.
ls List all component files in the document. Each line contains an optional page number, a letter
describing the component file type, the size of the component file, and identifier of the
component file. Component file type letters P, I, A, and T respectively stand for page data,
shared image data, shared annotation data, and thumbnail data. Page numbers are only listed for
component files containing page data. When it is set, the optional page title (see command set-
page-title below) is displayed after the component file identifier.
select [fileid]
Select the component file identified by argument fileid. Argument fileid must be either a page
number or a component file identifier. The select command selects all component files when the
argument fileid is omitted.
select-shared-ant
Select a component file containing shared annotations. Only one such component file is supported
by the current DjVu software. This component file usually contains annotations pertaining to the
whole document as opposed to specific pages. An error message is displayed if there is no such
component file.
create-shared-ant
Create and select a component file containing shared annotations. This command only selects the
shared annotation component file if such a component file already exists. Otherwise it creates a
new shared annotation component file and makes sure that it is imported by all pages in the
document.
showsel
Shows the currently selected component files with the same format as command ls.
Text and annotation commands
print-pure-txt
Print the text stored in the hidden text layer of the selected pages. A similar capability is
offered by program djvutxt. Structural information is sometimes represented by control
characters. Text from different pages is delimited by form feed characters ("\f"). Lines are
delimited by newline characters ("\n"). Columns, regions, and paragraphs are sometimes delimited
by vertical tab ("\013"), group separators ("\035") and unit separators ("\037") respectively.
print-txt
Prints extensive hidden text information for the selected pages. This information describes the
structure of the text on the document page and locates the structural elements in the page image.
The syntax of this output is described later in this man page.
remove-txt
Remove the hidden text information from the selected component files. For instance, executing
commands select and remove-txt removes all hidden text information from the DjVu document.
set-txt [djvusedtxtfile]
Insert hidden text information into the selected pages. The optional argument djvusedtxtfile
names a file containing the hidden text information. This file must contain data similar to what
is produced by command print-txt. When the optional argument is omitted, the program reads the
hidden text information from the djvused script until reaching an end-of-file or a line containing
a single period.
output-txt
Prints a djvused script that reconstructs the hidden text information for the selected pages.
This script can later be edited and executed by invoking program djvused with option -f.
print-ant
Prints the annotations of the selected component file. The annotation data is represented using a
simple syntax described later in this document.
print-merged-ant
Merge the annotations stored in the selected component files with the annotations imported from
other component files such as the shared annotation component file.. The annotation data is
represented using a simple syntax described later in this document.
remove-ant
Remove the annotation information from the selected component files. For instance, executing
commands select and remove-ant removes all annotation information from the DjVu document.
set-ant [djvusedantfile]
Insert annotations into the selected component file. The optional argument djvusedantfile names a
file containing the annotation data. This file must contain data similar to what is produced by
command print-ant. When the optional argument is omitted, the program reads the annotation data
from the djvused script itself until reaching an end-of-file or a line containing a single period.
output-ant
Print a djvused script that reconstructs the annotation information for the selected pages. This
script can later be edited and executed by invoking program djvused with option -f.
print-meta
Print the metadata part of the annotations for the selected component file. This command displays
a subset of the information printed by command print-ant using a different syntax. metadata are
organized as key-value pairs. Each printed line contains the key name such as author, title,etc.,
followed by a tab character ("\t") and a double-quoted string representing the UTF-8 encoded
metadata value.
remove-meta
Remove the metadata part of the annotations of the selected component files.
set-meta [djvusedmetafile]
Set the metadata part of the annotations of the selected component file. The remaining part of
the annotations is left unchanged. The optional argument djvusedmetafile names a file containing
the metadata. This file must contain data similar to what is produced by command print-meta.
When the optional argument is omitted, the program reads the annotation data from the djvused
script itself until reaching an end-of-file or a line containing a single period.
print-xmp
Print the XMP metadata string contained in the annotation chunk of the selected component file.
This command displays in fact a subset of the information printed by command print-ant.
remove-xmp
Removes the XMP tag from the annotation chunk of the selected component file.
set-xmp [xmpfile]
Set the XMP metadata part of the annotations of the selected component file. The remaining part
of the annotations is left unchanged. The optional argument xmpfile names a file containing the
XMP metadata in a format similar to that produced by command print-xmp. When the optional
argument is omitted, the program reads the XMP annotation data from the djvused script itself
until reaching an end-of-file or a line containing a single period.
output-all
Print a djvused script that reconstructs both the hidden text and the annotation information for
the selected pages. This script can later be edited and executed by invoking program djvused with
option -f.
Outline/bookmarks commands
print-outline
Print the outline of the document. Nothing is printed if the document contains no outline.
remove-outline
Removes the outline from the document.
set-outline [djvusedoutlinefile]
Insert outline information into the document. The optional argument djvusedoutlinefile names a
file containing the outline information. This file must contain data similar to what is produced
by command print-outline. When the optional argument is omitted, the program reads the hidden
text information from the djvused script until reaching an end-of-file or a line containing a
single period.
Thumbnail commands
set-thumbnails sz
Compute thumbnails of size szxsz pixels and insert them into the document. DjVu viewers can later
display these thumbnails very efficiently without need to download the data for each page.
Typical thumbnail size range from 48 to 128 pixels.
remove-thumbnails
Remove the pre-computed thumbnails from the DjVu document. New thumbnails can then be computed
using command set-thumbnails.
Save commands
The above commands only modify the memory image of the DjVu document. The following commands provide
means to save the modified data into the file system.
save Save the modified DjVu document back into the input file djvufile specified by the arguments of
the program djvused. Nothing is done if the DjVu file was not modified. Passing option -s
program djvused is equivalent to executing command save before exiting the program.
save-bundled filename
Save the current DjVu document as a bundled multi-page DjVu document named filename. A similar
capability is offered by program djvmcvt.
save-indirect filename
Save the current DjVu document as an indirect multi-page DjVu document. The index file of the
indirect document will be named filename. All other files composing the indirect document will be
saved into the same directory as the index file. A similar capability is offered by program
djvmcvt.
save-page filename
Save the selected component file into DjVu file filename. The selected component file might
import data from another component file using the so-called inclusion ( INCL ) chunks. This
command then produces a file with unresolved references to imported data. Such a file should then
be made part of a multi-page document containing the required data in other component files.
save-page-with filename
Save the selected component file into DjVu file filename. All data imported from other component
files is copied into the output file as well. This command always produces a usable DjVu file.
On the other hand, collecting several such files into a multi-page document might lead to useless
data replication.
Miscellaneous commands
help Display a help message listing all commands supported by djvused.
dump Display the EA IFF 85 structure of the document or of the selected component file. A similar
capability is offered by program djvudump.
size Display the width and the height of the selected pages. The dimensions of each page are displayed
using a syntax suitable for direct insertion into the <EMBED...></EMBED> tags. This command also
displays the default page orientation when it is different from zero.
set-rotation [+-]rot
Changes the default orientation of the selected pages. The orientation is expressed as an integer
in range 0..3 representing a number of 90 degree counter-clockwise rotations. When the argument
is preceded by a sign + or -, argument rot counts how many additional 90 degree counter-clockwise
rotations should be applied to the page. Otherwise, argument rot represents the desired absolute
page orientation. Only DjVu pages can be rotated. Pages represented as a raw IW44 image cannot
be rotated.
set-dpi dpi
Sets the resolution of the page image in dots per inche. Argument dpi should be in range
25..6000.
set-page-title title
Sets a page title for the selected page. When page titles are available, recent versions of the
DjVuLibre viewers display these page titles instead of page numbers and also accept them in page
selection options. Command ls can be used to see both the page titles and page identifiers. To
unset a page title, simply make it equal to the page identifier.
DJVUSED FILE FORMATS
Djvused uses a simple parenthesized syntax to represent both annotations and hidden text.
* This syntax is the native syntax used by DjVu for storing annotations. Program djvused simply
compresses the annotation data using the bzz(1) algorithm.
* This syntax differs from the native syntax used by DjVu for storing the hidden text. Program djvused
performs the translations between the compact binary representation used by DjVu and the easily
modifiable parenthesized syntax.
General syntax
Djvused files are ASCII text files. The legal characters in djvused files are the printable ASCII
characters and the space, tab, cr, and nl characters. Using other characters has undefined results.
Djvused files are composed of a sequence of expressions separated by blank characters (space, tab, cr, or
nl). There are four kind of expressions, namely integers, symbols, strings and lists.
Integers:
Integer numbers are represented by one or more digits, with the usual interpretation.
Symbols:
Symbols, or identifiers, are sequences of printable ascii characters representing a name or a
keyword. Acceptable characters are the alpha-numeric characters, the underscore "_", the minus
character "-", and the hash character "#". Names should not begin with a digit or a minus
character.
Strings:
Strings denote an arbitrary sequence of bytes, usually interpreted as a sequence of UTF-8 encoded
characters. Strings in djvused files are similar to strings in the C language. They are
surrounded by double quote characters. Certain sequences of characters starting with a backslash
("\") have a special meaning. A backslash followed by letter "a", "b", "t", "n", "v", "f", "r",
"\", and stands for the ascii character BEL(007), BS(008), HT(009), LF(010), VT(011), FF(012),
CR(013), BACKSLASH(134) and DOUBLEQUOTE(042) respectively. A backslash followed by one to three
digits stands for the byte whose octal code is expressed by the digits. All other backslash
sequences are illegal. All non printable ascii characters must be escaped.
Lists: Lists are sequence of expressions separated by blanks and surrounded by parentheses. All
expressions types are acceptable within a list, including sub-lists.
Hidden text syntax
The building blocks of the hidden text syntax are lists representing each structural component of the
hidden text. Structural components have the following form:
(type xmin ymin xmax ymax ... )
The symbol type must be one of page, column, region, para, line, word, or char, listed here by decreasing
order of importance. The integers xmin, ymin, xmax, and ymax represent the coordinates of a rectangle
indicating the position of the structural component in the page. Coordinates are measured in pixels and
have their origin at the bottom left corner of the page. The remaining expressions in the list either is
a single string representing the encoded text associated with this structural component, or is a sequence
of structural components with a lesser type.
The hidden text for each page is simply represented by a single structural element of type page. Various
level of structural information are acceptable. For instance, the page level component might only
specify a page level string, or might only provide a list of lines, or might provide a full hierarchy
down to the individual characters.
Outline/Bookmark syntax
The outline syntax is a single list of the form
(bookmarks ...)
The first element of the list is symbol bookmarks. The subsequent elements are lists representing the
toplevel outline entries. Each outline entry is represented by a list with the following form:
(title url ... )
The string title is the title of the outline entry. The destination string url can be either an
arbitrary percent encoded URL, or composed of the hash character ("#") followed by a page name or number,
or composed of the question mark character ("?") followed by cgi-style arguments interpreted by the djvu
viewer. The remaining expressions in the list describe subentries of this outline entry.
Annotation syntax
Annotations are represented by a sequence of annotation expressions. The following annotation
expressions are recognized:
(background color)
Specify the color of the viewer area surrounding the DjVu image. Colors are represented with the
X11 hexadecimal syntax #RRGGBB. For instance, #000000 is black and #FFFFFF is white.
(zoom zoomvalue)
Specify the initial zoom factor of the image. Argument zoomvalue can be one of stretch, one2one,
width, page, or composed of the letter d followed by a number in range 1 to 999 representing a
zoom factor (such as in d300 or d150 for instance.)
(mode modevalue)
Specify the initial display mode of the image. Argument modevalue is one of color, bw, fore, or
back.
(align horzalign vertalign)
Specify how the image should be aligned on the viewer surface. By default the image is located in
the center. Argument horzalign can be one of left, center, or right. Argument vertalign can be
one of top, center, or bottom.
(maparea url comment area ...)
Define an hyper-link for the specified destination.
Argument url can have one of the following forms:
href
(url href target)
where href is a string representing the destination and target is a string representing the target
frame for the hyper-link, as defined by the HTML anchor tag <A>. The destination string href can
be either an arbitrary percent encoded URL, or composed of the hash character ("#") followed by a
page name or number, or composed of the question mark character ("?") followed by cgi-style
arguments interpreted by the djvu viewer. Page numbers may be prefixed with an optional sign to
represent a page displacement. For instance the strings "#-1" and "#+1" can be used to access the
previous page and the next page.
Argument comment is a string that might be displayed by the viewer when the user moves the mouse
over the hyper-link.
Argument area defines the shape and the location of the hyperlink. The following forms are
recognized:
(rect xmin ymin width height)
(oval xmin ymin width height)
(poly x0 y0 x1 y1 ... )
(text xmin ymin width height)
(line x0 y0 x1 y1)
All parameters are numbers representing coordinates. Coordinates are measured in pixels and have
their origin at the bottom left corner of the page.
The remaining expressions in the maparea list represent the visual effect associated with the
hyper-link.
A first set of options defines how borders are drawn for rect, oval, polygon, or text hyperlink
areas.
(none)
(xor)
(border color)
(shadow_in [thickness])
(shadow_out [thickness])
(shadow_ein [thickness])
(shadow_eout [thickness])
where parameter color has syntax #RRGGBB as described above, and parameter thickness is an integer
in range 1 to 32. The last four border options are only supported for rect hyperlink areas.
Although the border mode defaults to (xor), it is wise to always specify the border mode. Border
options do not apply to line areas.
When a border option is specified, the border becomes visible when the user moves the mouse over
the hyperlink. The border may be made always visible by using the following option:
(border_avis)
The following two options may be used with rect hyperlink areas. The complete area will be
highlighted using the specified color at the specified opacity (0-100, default 50). Some viewers
(e.g., djview4) support opacities in range 0-200 with 200 representing a fully opaque color.
(hilite color)
(opacity op)
This is often used with an empty URL for simply emphasizing a specific segment of an image.
The following three options may be used with line areas to specify an optional ending arrow, the
line width and color. The default is a black line with width 1 and without arrow.
(arrow)
(width w)
(lineclr color)
Finally the following three options can be used with text areas. The default background color is
transparent. The default text color is black. The pushpin option indicates that the text is
symbolized by a small pushpin icon. Clicking the icon reveals the text.
(backclr bkcolor)
(textclr txtcolor)
(pushpin)
(metadata ... (key value) ... )
Define metadata entries. Each entry is identified by a symbol key representing the nature of the
meta data entry. The string value represents the value associated with the corresponding key.
Two sets of keys are noteworthy: keys borrowed from the BibTex bibliography system, and keys
borrowed from the PDF DocInfo metadata. BibTex keys are always expressed in lowercase, such as
year, booktitle, editor, author, etc.. DocInfo keys start with an uppercase letter, such as
Title, Author, Subject, Creator, Produced, Trapped, CreationDate, and ModDate. The values
associated with the last two keys should be dates expressed according to RFC 3339.
LIMITATIONS
The current version of program djvused only supports selecting one component file or all component files.
There is no way to select only a few component files.
CREDITS
This program was initially written by Léon Bottou <leonb@users.sourceforge.net> and was improved by Yann
Le Cun <profshadoko@users.sourceforge.net>, Florin Nicsa, Bill Riemers <docbill@sourceforge.net> and many
others.
SEE ALSO
djvu(1), djvutxt(1), djvmcvt(1), djvudump(1), bzz(1), Emacs djvused front end djvu.el on GNU Elpa
repository.