NAME

       inb, outb, inw, outw, inl, outl - access I/O ports

SYNOPSIS

        inb ADDRESS
        inw ADDRESS
        inl ADDRESS
        outb ADDRESS DATA
        outw ADDRESS DATA
        outl ADDRESS DATA

EXAMPLES

        inb 0x278
        outw 0x440 0xffff

DESCRIPTION

       These commands enable command line and script access directly to I/O ports on PC hardware.

       The "inb", "inw" and "inl" commands perform an input (read) operation on the given I/O
       port, and print the result.

       The "outb", "outw" and "outl" commands perform an output (write) operation to the given
       I/O port, sending the given data.  Note that the order of the parameters is ADDRESS DATA.

       The size of the operation is selected according to the suffix, with "b" meaning byte, "w"
       meaning word (16 bits) and "l" meaning long (32 bits).

       Port numbers are in the range 0-0xffff.  We don't support access to memory mapped devices.

       Hexadecimal numbers (prefixed by "0x"), decimal numbers, and octal numbers (prefixed by
       0), are allowed as parameters.

RETURN FROM "IN" OPERATIONS

       The value read from the port by an "in" operation is normally printed in decimal.

       Use the "--hex" option to print the result as hexadecimal ("0x" prefix is NOT printed).

       Use the "--code" option to turn the result into an exit status.  Note that Unix/shell can
       only reliably return exit status in the range 0-0x7f, so this is not particularly useful
       in practice.

TYPE AND SIZE OF OPERATION

       The type and size of the operation is normally determined by the name of the command, eg.
       "inb" is a read operation of 1 byte.

       You can override this by using the "--read", "--write" and/or "--size N" options.  For
       "--size N", "N" should be 1, 2 or 4 meaning byte, word and long respectively.

PERMISSIONS

       You would normally need to be root or have the "CAP_SYS_RAWIO" capability in order to run
       these commands.

WARNING

       Using these commands can cause Bad Things to happen to your hardware.

SEE ALSO

       iopl(2), mem(4), <http://et.redhat.com/~rjones/ioport>,
       <http://www.faqs.org/docs/Linux-mini/IO-Port-Programming.html>.

AUTHORS

       Richard W.M. Jones <rjones @ redhat . com>

COPYRIGHT

       (C) Copyright 2009 Red Hat Inc., <http://et.redhat.com/~rjones/ioport>.

       This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of
       the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
       version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

       This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
       without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
       See the GNU General Public License for more details.

       You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program;
       if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139,
       USA.