NAME

       proj - Cartographic projection filter

SYNOPSIS

          proj [-beEfiIlmorsStTvVwW] [args]] [+opt[=arg] ...] file ...

          invproj [-beEfiIlmorsStTvVwW] [args]] [+opt[=arg] ...] file ...

DESCRIPTION

       proj  and  invproj  perform  respective  forward  and  inverse conversion of cartographic data to or from
       cartesian data with a wide range of selectable projection functions.

       invproj may not be available on all platforms; in this case use proj -I instead.

       The following control parameters can appear in any order

       -b     Special option for binary coordinate data input and output through  standard  input  and  standard
              output.  Data  is  assumed  to be in system type double floating point words. This option is to be
              used when proj is a child process and allows bypassing formatting operations.

       -d <n>

       New in version 5.2.0: Specify the number of decimals in the output.

       -i     Selects binary input only (see -b).

       -I     Alternate method to specify inverse projection. Redundant when used with invproj.

       -o     Selects binary output only (see -b).

       -t<a>  Where a specifies a character employed as the first character to  denote  a  control  line  to  be
              passed  through  without processing. This option applicable to ASCII input only. (# is the default
              value).

       -e <string>
              Where string  is  an  arbitrary  string  to  be  output  if  an  error  is  detected  during  data
              transformations.  The default value is a three character string: *\t*.  Note that if the -b, -i or
              -o options are employed, an error is returned as HUGE_VAL value for both return values.

       -E     Causes the input coordinates to be copied to the output  line  prior  to  printing  the  converted
              values.

       -l<[=id]>
              List projection identifiers that can be selected with +proj. proj -l=id gives expanded description
              of projection id, e.g. proj -l=merc.

       -lp    List of all projection id that can be used with the +proj parameter.  Equivalent to proj -l.

       -lP    Expanded description of all projections that can be used with the +proj parameter.

       -le    List of all ellipsoids that can be selected with the +ellps parameters.

       -lu    List of all distance units that can be selected with the +units parameter.

       -ld    List of datums that can be selected with the +datum parameter.

       -r     This options reverses  the  order  of  the  expected  input  from  longitude-latitude  or  x-y  to
              latitude-longitude or y-x.

       -s     This  options  reverses  the  order  of  the  output  from  x-y  or  longitude-latitude  to y-x or
              latitude-longitude.

       -S     Causes estimation of meridional  and  parallel  scale  factors,  area  scale  factor  and  angular
              distortion,  and  maximum  and minimum scale factors to be listed between <> for each input point.
              For conformal projections meridional and  parallel  scales  factors  will  be  equal  and  angular
              distortion zero. Equal area projections will have an area factor of 1.

       -m <mult>
              The  cartesian  data  may  be  scaled  by  the  mult  parameter. When processing data in a forward
              projection mode the cartesian output values are multiplied by mult otherwise the  input  cartesian
              values  are  divided by mult before inverse projection. If the first two characters of mult are 1/
              or 1: then the reciprocal value of mult is employed.

       -f <format>
              Where format is a printf format string to control the form of  the  output  values.   For  inverse
              projections,  the  output  will  be in degrees when this option is employed. The default format is
              "%.2f" for forward projection and DMS for inverse.

       -w<n>  Where n is the number of significant fractional digits to employ  for  seconds  output  (when  the
              option is not specified, -w3 is assumed).

       -W<n>  Where  n  is  the number of significant fractional digits to employ for seconds output. When -W is
              employed the fields will be constant width with leading zeroes.

       -v     Causes a listing of cartographic control parameters tested for and  used  by  the  program  to  be
              printed prior to input data.

       -V     This option causes an expanded annotated listing of the characteristics of the projected point. -v
              is implied with this option.

       The +opt run-line arguments are associated with cartographic parameters.  Additional  projection  control
       parameters  may  be contained in two auxiliary control files: the first is optionally referenced with the
       +init=file:id and the second is always processed after the name of the projection  has  been  established
       from  either  the  run-line or the contents of +init file. The environment parameter PROJ_LIB establishes
       the default directory for a file reference without an absolute path. This is  also  used  for  supporting
       files like datum shift files.

       One or more files (processed in left to right order) specify the source of data to be converted. A - will
       specify the location of processing standard input. If no files are specified, the input is assumed to  be
       from  stdin.   For  ASCII  input  data the two data values must be in the first two white space separated
       fields and when both input and output are ASCII all trailing portions of the input line are  appended  to
       the output line.

       Input  geographic data (longitude and latitude) must be in DMS format and input cartesian data must be in
       units consistent with the ellipsoid major axis or sphere radius units. Output geographic coordinates will
       be  in  DMS  (if  the  -w  switch  is  not  employed)  and  precise  to 0.001" with trailing, zero-valued
       minute-second fields deleted.

EXAMPLE

       The following script

          proj +proj=utm +lon_0=112w +ellps=clrk66 -r <<EOF
          45d15'33.1" 111.5W
          45d15.551666667N -111d30
          +45.25919444444 111d30'000w
          EOF

       will perform UTM forward projection with a standard UTM central  meridian  nearest  longitude  112W.  The
       geographic values of this example are equivalent and meant as examples of various forms of DMS input. The
       x-y output data will appear as three lines of:

          460769.27     5011648.45

OTHER PROGRAMS

       The proj program is limited to converting between geographic and projected coordinates within one datum.

       The cs2cs program operates similarly, but allows translation between any  pair  of  definable  coordinate
       reference systems, including support for datum translation.

SEE ALSO

       cs2cs(1), cct(1), geod(1), gie(1), projinfo(1)

BUGS

       A  list  of  know  bugs can be found at https://github.com/OSGeo/PROJ/issues where new bug reports can be
       submitted to.

HOME PAGE

       https://proj.org/

AUTHOR

       Gerald I. Evenden

COPYRIGHT

       1983-2020