Provided by: k2pdfopt_2.51+ds-1_amd64 
NAME
K2pdfopt - PDF Reflow tool
SYNOPSIS
k2pdfopt [opts] <input pdf/djvu | folder>
DESCRIPTION
K2pdfopt attempts to optimize PDF (or DJVU) files (especially two-column ones) for display on the Kindle
(or other mobile readers/smartphones) by looking for rectangular regions in the file and re-paginating
them without margins and excess white space. Works on any PDF or DJVU (.djvu) file, but assumes it has a
mostly-white background. Native PDF files (not scanned) work best.
If given a folder, k2pdfopt first looks for bitmaps in the folder and if any are found, converts those
bitmaps to a PDF as if they were pages of a PDF file. If there are no bitmaps in the folder and if PDF
files are in the folder, then each PDF file will be converted in sequence.
Output files are always .pdf and have _k2opt added to the source name by default (see -o option to
specify alternate output name.)
Environment variable
You can supply command-line options via the environment variable K2PDFOPT, for example,
set K2PDFOPT=-ui- -x -j 0 -m 0.25
Command line options from the command line take precedence over the ones in the environment variable
K2PDFOPT.
OPTIONS
You may not have to read this manual - run k2pdfopt without any option and use the interactive menu to
select desired options.
-?[-] [pattern]
Show [don't show] usage only (no file processing).
If pattern is specified, only options with text matching the pattern are shown. The pattern can
use * as a wild card, e.g. -? -col. Use -?- to turn off usage. Combine with -ui- to get
something you can redirect to a file.
-a[-] Turn on [off] text coloring (use of ANSI color codes) on the screen output. Default is on.
-ac[-] [<aggressiveness>]
Auto crop. For books or papers that have dark edges due to copying artifacts, this option will
attempt to automatically crop out those dark regions so that k2pdfopt can correctly process the
source file. The <aggressiveness> factor is from 0 to 1. Higher is more aggressive cropping.
Default if not specified is 0.1. See also -m.
Default value is off (-ac-).
Note that autocropping does not work on cropped regions created with -cbox. See -dw for a
discussion about this.
-as[-] [<maxdeg>]
Attempt to automatically straighten tilted source pages.
Will rotate up to +/-<maxdegrees> degrees if a value is specified, otherwise defaults to 4 degrees
max. Use -1 to turn off. Default is off (-as -1 or -as-). Note that autostraighten does not work
on cropped regions.
See -dw for a discussion about this.
-author <author>
Set the author metadata / property of the PDF output file(s). Default is to use the author of the
source document (-author "").
-bmp[-] <pageno>
Generate [do not generate] a bitmap rendering of converted page number <pageno> and write it to
file k2pdfopt_out.png. If this option is used, no other files are written, i.e. the complete
conversion is NOT done--ONLY the bitmap file is written. If -sm is also specified, then the
bitmap is of marked source page <pageno>. If -bmp-, then <pageno> is not necessary. Default is
-bmp-.
-bp[+|-|--] [m|<inches>]
Break [do not break] output pages at end of each input page.
Default is -bp-. If a numeric value is put after -bp, then rather than breaking the output page
at the end of each input page, a gap is inserted of that many inches, e.g. -bp 1 will insert a
1-inch gap between contents of each input page. Special option -bp+ will break the pages at the
green boundaries between region as marked by the -sm option (see -sm). If bookmark information is
available and -toc is specified (on by default) page breaks will be inserted in the converted file
at each bookmark unless -bp-- is specified. If "-bp m" is specified, then a page break is
inserted after each major (red-box) section. This can help prevent text selection overlap
problems in native output mode. See also -toc, -bpl.
-bpc <nn>
Set the bits per color plane on the output device to <nn>. The value of <nn> can be 1, 2, 4, or
8. The default is 4 to match the kindle's display capability. This is ignored if the -jpg option
is specified.
-bpl <srcpagelist>
Insert page break in destination file before each source file page listed in <srcpagelist>. This
has the same format as the -p option. See also -p, -bp, -toc, -toclist. Default is no page list.
Example: -bpl 10,25,50,70,93,117,143.
This automatically sets -bp to it's default value (-bp-).
-bpm[<type>] <color>
Set a page break mark type and color. This option allows you to put colored marks in the PDF file
to specify where to break pages or where to avoid page breaks. <type> is either 1 to force a page
break or 2 to prevent a page break until next mark. <color> is an R,G,B triplet, 0-1 for each
color component, no spaces. For example, to break the page wherever the source file has a green
dot or short green horizontal line: -bpm1 0,1,0. Use <color> = -1 to clear. If you omit the
<type>, 1 is assumed.
-c[-] Output in color [grayscale]. Default is grayscale.
-cbox[<pagelist>|u|-] <cropbox>
Similar to the -grid option, but allows you to specify exact crop boxes from the source page which
will then be processed as major (red-box) regions. These regions can then become individual
output pages or can be processed further (searched for columns, re-flowed, etc.) depending on what
other options are selected. By default, they are processed further, like every other major
region.
You may specify the -cbox option multiple times to crop out different parts of each source page,
each crop being treated as a major region. See the -mode command. To have each crop box become a
new page in the output file, for example, use -mode crop, e.g.
k2pdfopt myfile.pdf -mode crop -cbox 2in,3in
<cropbox> has the format <left>,<top>,<width>,<height> where all values are specified from the
upper-left corner of the source page, with units, like the -w and -h options, except that the
default units for -cbox are inches. If only <left> and <top> are specified, then <width> and
<height> extend to the edge of the page.
Example:
-cbox 1in,1in,6in,9in
(same as -cbox 1,1,6,9).
This specifies a crop box that is 6 x 9 inches and which has an upper left corner which is
1 inch from the left and top of the source page.
Use -cbox- to clear all cropboxes, which defaults back to processing every page without any crop
boxes.
You can use a page list, <pagelist>, to specify on which pages to apply the cropboxes.
Examples:
-cbox5-51o
applies the cropbox on pages 5,7,9,...,51.
('o' = odd. Use 'e' for even.)
-cbox1,2-5,13,15
applies the cropbox on pages 1,2,3,4,5,13, and 15.
-cboxc <cropbox>
applies <cropbox> to the cover image.
(see -ci option.)
Be sure not to put a space between -cbox and the page list.
Use -cboxu to set a crop box for all unspecified pages.
E.g. -cbox1-10 <cbox1> -cboxu <cbox2> will apply <cbox1> to all pages 1 to 10 and <cbox2> to all
other pages.
The default is no crop boxes (-cbox-). See also -m, -ac.
USAGE NOTE: Once you specify -cbox at least one time, only the crop boxes you specify (and any
associated page ranges) are processed/converted by k2pdfopt. No other pages or regions are
processed. So if you want to specify a special cropbox for the first page, for example, but then
have all remaining pages treated entirely, you must specify this:
-cbox1 ... -cboxu 0,0
(-cboxu 0,0 applies a full-page cropbox to all other
pages. u = unspecified.)
The -cbox2- 0,0 will set the cropbox for pages 2 and beyond to the full page size.
See also: -ibox.
-cg <inches>
Minimum column gap width in inches for detecting multiple columns. Default = 0.1 inches. Setting
this too large will give very poor results for multicolumn files. See also -cgmax.
-cgmax <inches>
Max allowed gap between columns in inches. If the gap between two regions exceeds this value,
they will not be considered as separate columns. Default = 1.5. Use -1 for no limit (disable).
See also -cg.
-cgr <range>
Set column-gap range, 0 - 1. This is the horizontal range over which k2pdfopt will search for a
column gap, as a fraction of the page width. E.g. -cgr 0.5 will search from 0.25 to 0.75 of the
page width for a column gap.
Set this to a small value, e.g. 0.05, to only search for column breaks in the middle of the page.
Default = 0.33.
-ch <inches>
Minimum column height in inches for detecting multiple columns. Default = 1.5 inches.
-ci[-] <imagefile>
Specify a cover image for the first page of the converted PDF. <imagefile> can be a bitmap file
(png or jpg) or can be a page from a PDF file, e.g. myfile.pdf[34] would use page 34 of
myfile.pdf. You can just specify an integer, e.g. -ci 50 to use page 50 of the source file being
converted as the cover page. Default is -ci-, which is no cover image.
NOTE: -ci only works with bitmapped output--it does not (yet) work with native PDF output.
-cmax <max>
Set max contrast increase on source pages. 1.0 keeps contrast from being adjusted. Use a
negative value to specify a fixed contrast adjustment. Def = 2.0.
See also -er.
-col <maxcol>
Set max number of columns. <maxcol> can be 1, 2, or 4. Default is -col 2. -col 1 disables
column searching.
-colorbg (or -colorfg) <hexcolor>|<bitmap>[,<hexcolor>|<bitmap>[,...]]
Map the color white (background color, for -colorbg) or the color black (text color, for -colorfg)
to <hexcolor>, where <hexcolor> is a 6-digit hex RRGGBB representation of a color, e.g. ffffff for
all white, 000000 for all black, ff0000 for bright red, etc. If <hexcolor> is not a grayscale
color, the -c (color output) option will be turned on automatically. This option only works with
bitmapped output (not native--see -n). Grayscale colors between black and white will be linearly
interpolated between the specified -colorbg and -colorfg colors. If the source document has
colors, only (mostly) grayscale pixels are affected if ! is put before the color, e.g. -colorbg
!ffffd0
A bitmap can also be specified, e.g. -colorbg myfile.jpg. In this case, the bitmap gets tiled in
as the background.
If you specify a comma delimited list of colors (or bitmaps), then consecutive rows of text are
colored with the consecutive colors. This is a possible way to make the rows of text easier to
follow, e.g. -colorfg ff0000,00 will color alternate rows of text red and black.
Default is -colorbg "" and -colorfg "" (no mappings).
-comax <range>
Stands for Column Offset Maximum. The <range> given is as a fraction of the width of a single
column, and it specifies how much the column divider can move around and still have the columns
considered contiguous. Set to -1 to revert back to how columns were treated in k2pdfopt v1.34 and
before.
Default = 0.3.
-crgh <inches>
Set the min height of the blank area that separates regions with different numbers of columns.
Default = 1/72 inch.
-d[-] Turn on [off] dithering for bpc values < 8. See -bpc.
Default is on.
-de <size>
Defect size in points. For scanned documents, marks or defects smaller than this size are ignored
when bounding rectangular regions. The period at the end of a sentence is typically over 1 point
in size. The default is 1.0.
-dev <name>
Select device profile (sets width, height, dpi, and corner marking for selected devices).
Currently the selection is limited. <name> just has to have enough characters to uniquely pick
the device. Use -dev ? to list the devices.
Default is -dev kindle2.
-dpi <dpival>
Same as -odpi.
-dr <value>
Display resolution multiplier. Default = 1.0. Using a value greater than 1 should improve the
resolution of the output file (but will make it larger in file size).
E.g. -dr 2 will double the output DPI, the device width (in pixels), and the device height (in
pixels).
-ds <factor>
Override the document size with a scale factor. E.g. if your PDF reader says the PDF file is 17 x
22 inches and it should actually be 8.5 x 11 inches, use -ds 0.5. Default is 1.0.
-dw[-] [<fitorder>]
De-warp [do not de-warp] pages (uses Leptonica de-warp algorithms). Default is not to de-warp.
Does not work for native mode output. Optional <fitorder> specifies the fit order for the
dewarping curves. Can be 2, 3, or 4.
Default is 4.
[Advanced: You can actually make the fit order a two-digit code. E.g. -dw 24 will use 4th-order
on each row of text but only 2nd-order for columns of displacement (see leptonica
dewarpFindVertDisparity() in dewarp2.c)]
Note: de-warping, like auto-straighten and auto-crop, is intended for entire pages. It does not
work on cropped areas. If you want it to work on cropped areas, you should run k2pdfopt in two
passes--first to create selected crop areas (e.g. -mode crop), then to apply dewarping.
Require k2pdfopt built with leptonica.
-ehl <n>
Same as -evl, except erases horizontal lines instead of vertical lines. See -evl. Default is
-ehl 0.
-er <n>
Use erosion filter on source bitmaps. Makes the text look darker. A larger value of <n> makes
the text thicker/darker. Try -er 1 or -er 2. Default is 0 (no erosion filtering).
Use a negative value for <n> to do the erosion before the constrast adjustment is applied. Use a
positive value to to the erosion after the constrast adjustment is applied. This option may
magnify scanning defects, so you might want to combine with the -de (defect removal) option.
Has no effect in native mode output. See also -de, -g, -cmax.
-evl <n>
Detects and erases vertical lines in the source document which may be keeping k2pdfopt from
correctly separating columns or wrapping text, e.g. column dividers. If <n> is zero, this is
turned off (the default). If <n> is 1, only free-standing vertical lines are removed. If <n> is
2, vertical lines are erased even if they are the sides of an enclosed rectangle or figure, for
example.
-f2p <val>
Fit-to-page option. The quantity <val> controls fitting tall or small contiguous objects (like
figures or photographs) to the device screen. Normally these are fit to the width of the device,
but if they are too small or too tall, then if <val>=10, for example, they are allowed to be 10%
wider (if too small) or narrower (if too tall) than the screen in order to fit better. Use -1 to
fit the object no matter what. Use -2 as a special case--all "red-boxed" regions (see -sm option)
are placed one per page.
Use -f2p -3 to fit as many "red-boxed" regions as possible on each page without breaking them
across pages. (see -mode concat).
Default is -f2p 0. See also -jf, -fr.
Note: -f2p -2 will automatically also set -vb -2 to exactly preserve the spacing in the red-boxed
region. If you want to compress the vertical spacing in the red-boxed region, use -f2p -2 -vb -1.
-fc[-] For multiple column documents, fit [don't fit] columns to the width of the reader screen
regardless of -odpi.
Default is to fit the columns to the reader.
-fr[-] Figure rotate--rotates wide-aspect-ratio figures to landscape so that they best fit on the reader
page. Default is not to rotate. See also -f2p.
-fs <points>[+]
The output document is scaled so that the median font size in the converted file is <points>
points. If the <points> value is followed by a '+', the scaling is adjusted for every source
page, otherwise the font size is only adjusted once, based on the median font size for the entire
source document. The default is -fs 0, which turns off scaling based on font size. The use of
-fs overrides the -mag setting.
-g <gamma>
Set gamma value of output bitmaps. A value less than 1.0 makes the page darker and may make the
font more readable. Default is 0.5. Has no effect with native-mode output. See also -er, -cmax.
-grid <C>x<R>[x<O>][+]
Grid the source page into <C> columns by <R> rows with with <O> percent overlap. No regard will
be made for trying to break the page between columns or rows of text. If a + is specified, the
destination page order will go across and then down, otherwise it will go down and then across.
To turn off gridding, specify a zero value for the columns or for the rows. Default is no
gridding. The default overlap is 2%. Example: -grid 2x2x5. By default, gridding also sets the
following options, which can be overridden by following the grid option with other command
options: -n -wrap- -f2p -2 -vb -2 -col 1. For example, if you want a column search done on each
grid piece, you can put this: -grid 2x2 -col 2. See also -cbox.
-gs[-][-]
Force use of Ghostscript instead of MuPDF to read PDFs. K2pdfopt has built-in PDF translation
(via the MuPDF library) but will try to use Ghostscript if Ghostscript is available and the
internal (MuPDF) translation fails (virtually never happens). You can force Ghostscript to be
used with this -gs option. Use -gs- to use Ghostscript only if MuPDF fails. Use -gs-- to never
use Ghostscript. Download ghostscript at http://www.ghostscript.com.
-gtc <inches>
Threshold value for detecting column gaps (expert mode). Sets how many of the pixels in the
column shaft can be non-white (total height of a line crossing the shaft in inches). See also
-gtr. Default = .005.
-gtr <inches>
Threshold for detecting gaps between rows (expert mode). This sets the maximum total black
pixels, in inches, on average, that can be in each row of pixels before the gap is no longer
considered a gap. A higher value makes it easier to detect gaps between rows of text. Too high
of a value may inadvertently split figures and other graphics.
Default = 0.006. See also -rsf.
-gtw <inches>
Threshold for detecting word gaps (expert mode).
See -gtr. Default = .0015.
-gui[-]
Use [don't use] graphical user interface (MS Windows only). If k2pdfopt is started from a console
(command-line), the default is not to launch the gui unless there are no command- line options
given. If k2pdfopt is launched via its icon, then the default is to launch the GUI.
-guimin[-]
Start the k2pdfopt GUI minimized. Def = not minimized.
-h <height>[in|cm|s|t|p|x]
Set height of output device in pixels, inches, cm, source page size (s), trimmed source region
size (t), pixels (p), or relative to the OCR text layer (x).
The default units are pixels (p), and the default value is 735 (the height of the Kindle 2 screen
in pixels).
Examples:
-h 6.5in
Sets the device height to 6.5 in (using the output dpi to convert to pixels--see
-dpi).
-h 1.5s
Sets the device height to 1.5 times the source page height (same as -h -1.5).
-h 1t Sets the device height to whatever the trimmed page height is (you can follow
-mode copy with -h 1t to make the output page height equal to the crop box
height.
-h 0.5x
Sets the device height to half of the height of the box exactly surrounding the
OCR text layer on the source page.
See also -w, -dpi, -dr.
-hy[-] Turn on [off] hyphen detection/elimination when wrapping text. Default is on.
-i Echo information about the source file (PDF only).
Disables all other processing.
-ibox[<pagelist>|-|u] <cropbox>
Same as -cbox (see -cbox), except that these boxes are ignored by k2pdfopt. This is done by
whiting out the boxes in the source bitmap. For native output, the area in the -ibox will not
affect the parsing of the source file, but it may still be visible in the output file. Default is
no iboxes (-ibox-). See also -cbox.
-idpi <dpi>
Set pixels per inch for input file. Use a negative value as a multiplier on the output dpi (e.g.
-2 will set the input file dpi to twice the output file dpi (see -odpi). Default is -2.0.
-j -1|0|1|2[+/-]
Set output text justification. 0 = left, 1 = center, 2 = right. Add a + to attempt full
justification or a - to explicitly turn it off. The default is -1, which tells k2pdfopt to try
and maintain the justification of the document as it is. See also -wrap.
-jf 0|1|2 [<inches>]
Set figure (tall region) justification. If a figure has left or right margins available, this
option allows you to set the justification differently than the text. E.g. you can center figures
with -jf 1. If you want to specify a minimum height for figures (e.g. minimum region height where
this justification applies), you can tack it on at the end, e.g. -jf 1 1.5 to center any region
taller than 1.5 inches. Default is 0.75 inches for the minimum height and to use the same
justification on figures as the rest of the document (-jf -1). See also -f2p to fit small or tall
figures to the page.
-jfc[-|+]
Attempt [do not attempt] to keep figure captions joined with their figures. If you specify -jfc+,
k2pdfopt will also try to detect figure captions in multi-column documents. This is not done by
default because k2pdfopt will sometimes (more often than not, in my experience) incorrectly choose
the multi-column layout if it is also trying to detect what is a figure caption. See also -cg,
-cgmax, -cgr, -crgh. Default = -jfc.
-jpg [<quality>]
Use JPEG compression in PDF file with quality level <quality> (def=90). A lower quality value
will make your file smaller. See also -png. Use of -jpg is incompatible with the -bpc option.
-l <lang>
See -ocrlang.
-lang <lang>
See -ocrlang.
-ls[-][pagelist]
Set output to be in landscape [portrait] mode. The default is -ls- (portrait). If an optional
pagelist is specified, only those pages are affected--any other pages are done oppositely. E.g.
-ls1,3,5-10 would make source pages 1, 3 and 5 through 10 landscape.
-m[l|t|r|b] <val>[<units>][,<val>[units][,...]]
Set global crop margins for every page. If more than one value is given (comma-delimited with no
spaces in between), the order is left, top, right, bottom, e.g. -m <left>,<top>,<right>,<bottom>.
You can also use the more powerful -cbox option to do this same thing. The default units are
inches. For available units and their descriptions, see -h.
Examples:
-m 0.5cm
Sets all margins to 0.5 cm.
-m 0.5cm,1.0cm
Sets the left margin to 0.5 cm and all the other margins to 1.0 cm.
-m 0.2in,0.5in,0.2in,0.5in
Sets the left and right crop margins to 0.2 inches and the top and bottom to 0.5 inches.
-mt 1cm
Sets the top margin to 0.5 cm.
-m -0.1x,-0.1x,1.1x,1.1x
With the 'x' unit, the behavior is a little different. Rather than specifying the widths
of each margin, you specify the position of the crop box relative to the OCR text layer in
the source file, where 0x,0x,1x,1x would exactly bound the OCR text layer.
The default crop margins are 0 inches.
[NOTE: The default was 0.25 inches for all margins before v1.65.]
See also -cbox and -ac to autocrop scanning artifacts.
-mag <value>
Magnify the converted document (text) size by <value>. Default is -mag 1 (no magnification). See
also -fs.
-mc[-] Mark [don't mark] corners of the output bitmaps with a small dot to prevent the reading device
from re-scaling. Default = mark.
-mode <mode>
Shortcut for setting multiple options at once which determine the basic way in which k2pdfopt will
behave.
Available modes are:
copy Same as -n- -wrap- -col 1 -vb -2 -w 1s -h 1s -dpi 150 -rt 0 -c -t- -f2p -2 -m 0 -om 0 -pl 0
-pr 0 -pt 0 -pb 0 -mc-. Makes k2pdfopt behave exactly like my pdfr program--source pages
are simply copied to the output file, but rendered as bitmaps. No trimming or re-sizing is
done. Can also use -mode pdfr.
Note 1: Use -mode copy -n if you want an exact copy (output in native mode).
Note 2: The default gamma and contrast settings are not reset by -mode copy. If you want
a perfect copy, do this:
-mode copy -gamma 1 -cmax 1
fp Also can use fitpage. Same as -n -wrap- -col 1 -vb -2 -f2p -2 -t.
fw Same as -n -wrap- -col 1 -vb -2 -t -ls. Makes k2pdfopt behave like sopdf's "fit width"
option. Can also use -mode sopdf.
2col Same as -n -wrap- -col 2 -vb -2 -t. Optimizes for a 2-column scientific article with
native PDF output.
tm Trim margins--same as -mode copy, but sets the output to be trimmed to the margins and the
width and height of the output to match the trimmed source pages. Also uses native mode.
Equivalent to -n -wrap- -col 1 -vb -2 -f2p -2 -t -w 1t -h 1t -rt 0 -c -m 0 -om 0 -pl 0 -pr
0 -pt 0 -pb 0 -mc-. Can also use -mode trim.
crop Used with -cbox option, puts each cropped area on a separate page, untrimmed, and sizes the
page to the cropped region. Same as -wrap- -col 1 -vb -2 -w 1t -h 1t -t- -rt 0 -c -f2p -2
-m 0 -om 0 -pad 0 -mc- -n concat Keeping the output pages the same size as the source
pages, fit as many crop-boxed regions on the output pages as possible without breaking them
across pages. Equivalent to: -n -wrap- -col 1 -vb -2 -t- -f2p -3 -fc- -w 1s -h 1s -ocrdef
Default k2pdfopt mode: -wrap -n- -col 2 -vb 1.75 -dev k2 -rt auto -c- -t -f2p 0 -m 0 -om
0.02 -ls-.
concat Keeping the output pages the same size as the source pages, fit as many crop-boxed regions
on the output pages as possible without breaking them across pages. Equivalent to: -n
-wrap- -col 1 -vb -2 -t- -f2p -3 -fc- -w 1s -h 1s -ocr-
def Default k2pdfopt mode: -wrap -n- -col 2 -vb 1.75 -dev k2 -rt auto -c- -t -f2p 0 -m 0 -om
0.02 -ls-.
You can modify modes by overriding their options after specifying the mode, e.g. -mode fw -vb -1.
-n[-] Use "native" PDF output format. NOTE: if you want native PDF output, it's probably best to use a
-mode option like -mode fitwidth or -mode 2col, both of which automatically turn on native PDF
output and optimize other settings for it. Native PDF output preserves the native source PDF
contents, i.e. the output PDF file is not rendered as a sequence of bitmapped pages like in the
default k2pdfopt output mode. Instead, the source PDF's native content is used along with
additional PDF instructions to translate, scale, and crop the source content. With native PDF
output, if the source file has selectable text, the text remains selectable in the output file.
The output file can also be zoomed without loss of fidelity. This may also result in a smaller
output file (but not always). By default, native PDF output format is turned off. See also
-mode.
NOTES:
1. Native PDF output cannot be used with text wrapping on (see -wrap option). Turning it on
will disable text wrapping.
2. Native PDF output is not recommended for source files which are scanned (there is no
benefit unless the scanned document includes a layer of OCR text).
3. Native PDF output is incompatible with OCR (see -ocr), though OCR is typically not
necessary if the native PDF contents are kept. Turning on native PDF output will disable
OCR.
4. Native PDF output can only be used with PDF source files (it does not work with DJVU source
files).
5. Contrast adjust, gamma correction, and sharpening are disabled with native PDF output.
6. It is recommended that you use -vb -2 with native PDF output, particularly if you are
having difficulty selecting/searching text in the output PDF file.
7. This option works well with -mode fw, -mode 2col, or with the -grid option. It is used by
default in those cases.
-neg[-|+]
Inverse [don't inverse] the output images (white letters on black background, or "night mode").
If -neg+, inverts all graphics no matter what. If just -neg, attempts to invert text only and not
figures. Default = -neg-.
See also -colorbg and -colorfg.
-ng <gap>
Set gap between notes and main text in the output document. The <gap> defaults to inches but can
have other units (see -h, for example). See -nl and -nr for how to turn on notes processing.
Default is -ng 0.2.
-nl[<pages>] [<leftbound>,<rightbound>]
-nr[<pages>] [<leftbound>,<rightbound>]
The source document has notes in the left (-nl) or right (-nr) margins. Specific pages can be
specified for the notes using <pages> (same format as -cbox or -p). If <leftbound>,<rightbound>
are specified, they specify the fraction of the page width where to look for the break between the
notes and the main page. E.g. -nl 0.15,0.25 will look for the boundary between the notes and the
text between 15% and 25% of the way across the source page. Use -nl- to turn off all processing
of notes in the margins (default). Default values for <leftbound> and <rightbound> are 0.05 to
0.35 for -nl and 0.65 to 0.95 for -nr.
Notes in the margins are treated differently than other "columns" of text. They will be
interspersed with the text in the adjacent column of main text. Note that -nr... or -nl... will
also set -cg to 0.05.
-nt <nthreads>
Use <nthreads> parallel threads when OCR-ing a document with the Tesseract OCR engine (GOCR is not
thread safe). This may provide a significant processing speed improvement when using Tesseract
OCR. Note that a higher number is not always faster. You should experiment with your system to
find the optimum. A negative value is interpreted as a percentage of available CPUs. The default
is -50, which tells k2pdfopt to use half of the available CPU threads. Some performances I
measured:
----------------------------------------------------------
OCR Speed
O/S CPU Nthreads improvement
----------------------------------------------------------
Win 10 x64 Core i5 2 (default) 1.5x
Win 10 x64 Core i5 3 1.6x
Win 10 x64 Core i5 4 1.8x
----------------------------------------------------------
Win 10 x64 Core i7 2 1.8x
Win 10 x64 Core i7 3 2.4x
Win 10 x64 Core i7 4 (default) 2.5x
Win 10 x64 Core i7 5 2.8x
Win 10 x64 Core i7 6 2.7x
Win 10 x64 Core i7 7 2.7x
Win 10 x64 Core i7 8 2.6x
----------------------------------------------------------
Linux x64 Core i5 2 (default) 1.9x
Linux x64 Core i5 3 2.6x
Linux x64 Core i5 4 2.7x
----------------------------------------------------------
Linux x64 Xeon E52690v2 2 1.9x
Linux x64 Xeon E52690v2 4 3.5x
Linux x64 Xeon E52690v2 6 5.1x
Linux x64 Xeon E52690v2 8 6.6x
Linux x64 Xeon E52690v2 10 (default) 8.7x
Linux x64 Xeon E52690v2 14 9.5x
Linux x64 Xeon E52690v2 20 10.2x
----------------------------------------------------------
Interestingly, Linux seems to have much better multithreading performance than Windows. I suspect
the OS/X results are similar to the Linux results.
NOTE: -nt has no effect if you select -ocrd c or -ocrd p. See -ocrd.
Require k2pdfopt built with OCR lib.
-o <namefmt>
Set the output file name using <namefmt>. %s will be replaced with the full name of the source
file minus the extension. %b will be replaced by the base name of the source file minus the
extension. %f will be replaced with the folder name of the source file. %d will be replaced with
the source file count (starting with 1). The .pdf extension will be appended if you don't specify
an extension. E.g. -o out%04d.pdf will result in output files out0001.pdf, out0002.pdf, ... for
the converted files. Def = %s_k2opt
-------------------------------------------------------------
BITMAP OUTPUT: For output to bitmaps, you can put -o .png or -o .jpg (see -jpeg for quality
setting).
-------------------------------------------------------------
MORE DETAIL: If <namefmt> ends in .jpg or .png, the output will be in the JPEG or PNG bitmap
format, respectively, one bitmap per page. If your <namefmt> has no %d in it, then %04d will be
appended. If <namefmt> has only one %d, it will get substituted with the page number. If it has
two %d's, the first will get the file count and the second will get the page number. Example: if
the source PDF is myfile.pdf, then -o %s%03d.png would create myfile001.png, myfile002.png, etc.,
for each page of the PDF.
-ocr[-][g|t|m]
Attempt [don't attempt] to use optical character recognition (OCR) in order to embed searchable
text into the output PDF document. If followed by t or g, specifies the ocr engine to use
(tesseract or gocr). If followed by m, and if the PDF document has text in it, then the MuPDF
engine is used to extract the text (sort of a virtual OCR). If -ocr is specified with no
argument, tesseract is used. If tesseract fails (e.g. no language files found), GOCR is used.
The overall default operation of k2pdfopt is -ocr m. See also -ocrvis and -ocrhmax.
NOTE: Turning on OCR will disable native PDF output.
DISCLAIMER: The main intent of OCR isn't to improve the visual quality of the text at all--at
least not the way k2pdfopt does it. OCR is most useful on scanned PDFs that don't have
selectable text to begin with, but using OCR with k2pdfopt on such documents doesn't change
the look of the output PDF file at all. The OCR text is simply placed invisibly over the
scanned text so that you appear to be able to select the scanned text (when, in fact, you are
selecting the invisibly placed OCR text). So the only time you will even notice the OCR
errors is if you try to search for a word and can't find that word because the OCR of that
word is incorrect, or if you copy a selection of the OCR text and paste it into something else
so that you can actually see it.
-ocrcol <n>
If you are simply processing a PDF to OCR it (e.g. if you are using the -mode copy option) and the
source document has multiple columns of text, set this value to the number of columns to process
(up to 4). Default is to use the same value as -col.
-ocrd w|l|c|p
Set OCR detection type for k2pdfopt and Tesseract. <type> can be word (w), line (l), columns (c),
or page (p). Default is line.
For -ocrd w, k2pdfopt locates each word in the scanned document and passes individual words to
Tesseract for OCR conversion. This was the only type of detection before v2.42 but is not an
optimal OCR conversion method when using Tesseract.
For -ocrd l, k2pdfopt passes each line of the converted file to Tesseract for conversion. This
typically gives better results than -ocrd w since Tesseract can better determine the text baseline
position with a full line.
For -ocrd c, k2pdfopt detects each column of the converted file and passes that to Tesseract for
conversion.
For -ocrd p, k2pdfopt passes the entire output page of text to Tesseract and lets Tesseract parse
it for word positions. Tesseract has done considerable code development for detecting words on
pages (more than k2pdfopt), so this should also be a reliable way to create the OCR layer.
One drawback to -ocrd c or -ocr p is that there is no benefit to using the OCR multithreading
option (see -nt).
Require k2pdfopt built with leptonica.
-ocrhmax <in>
Set max height for an OCR'd word in inches. Any graphic exceeding this height will not be
processed with the OCR engine. Default = 1.5. See -ocr.
-ocrlang <lang>|?
Select the Tesseract OCR Engine language. This is the root name of the training data, e.g. -lang
eng for English, -ocrlang fra for French, -ocrlang chi_sim for simplified Chinese. You can also
use -l. The default language is whatever is in your Tesseract trained data folder. If you have
more than one .traineddata file in that folder, the one with the most recent time stamp is used.
NOTE 1: Use -ocrvis ? to see the list of Tesseract language files in your Tesseract data folder.
NOTE 2: Using the -ocrvis t option will not show the OCR text correctly for any character above
unicode value 255 since k2pdfopt does not use any embedded fonts, but the text will convert to the
correct Unicode values when copy / pasted.
NOTE 3: Tesseract allows the specification of multiple language training files, e.g. -ocrlang
eng+fra would specify English as the primary and French as the secondary OCR language. In
practice I have not found this to work very well. Try multiple languages in different orders.
Require k2pdfopt built with leptonica.
-ocrdpi <dpi>
Set the desired dpi of the bitmaps passed to the OCR engine OR set the desired height of a lower
case letter (e.g. 'e') in pixels. If <dpi> is positive, it is interpreted as dpi. If <dpi> is
negative, the absolute value is interpreted as a lowercase letter height in pixels. Any bitmapped
text sent to the OCR engine will be downsampled (if too large) so that the appropriate dpi or
lowercase letter size is achieved.
The default is 300 because I've found this works best empirically for Tesseract v4.0.0 English OCR
with font sizes in the range 8 - 15 pts. Use a lower value if the font size in your document is
larger than 15 - 20 pts. Or use -ocrdpi -24 if you have a wide range of font sizes. Use -ocrdpi
0 to disable any downsampling.
-ocrout[-] <namefmt>
Write [don't write] UTF-8 OCR text output to file <namefmt>. See the -o option for more about how
<namefmt> works. Default extension is .txt. Default is no output.
-ocrsort[-]
When a PDF document has its own OCR/Text layer, this option orders the OCR text layer by its
position on the page. This should not be necessary unless the OCR layer was very poorly
generated. Default is -ocrsort- (off).
-ocrsp[+|-]
When generating the OCR layer, do an entire row of text at once, with spaces between each words.
By default (-ocrsp-), each word is placed separately in the PDF document's OCR layer. This causes
problems with text selection in some readers (for example, individual words cannot be selected).
Using -ocrsp- may fix behavior like this, but will result in less accurate word placement since
k2pdfopt does not try to exactly match the font used by the document. Use -ocrsp+ to allow more
than one space between each word in the row of text in order to optimize the selection position.
-ocrvis <s|t|b>
Set OCR visibility flags. Put 's' to show the source doc, 't' to show the OCR text, and/or 'b' to
put a box around each word. Default is -ocrvis s. To show both the source document and the OCR
text overlayed on top: -ocrvis st. See also -ocr. See also -ocrlang (the note about -ocrvis t).
-odpi <dpi>
Set pixels per inch of output screen (def=167). See also -dr, -w, -h, -fc. You can also use -dpi
for this.
See also -fs, -mag.
-om[b|l|r|t] <val>[<units>][,<val>[units][,...]]
Set the blank area margins on the output device. Works very much like the -m option. See -m for
more about the syntax. Default = 0.02 inches.
Note that the 's', 't', and 'x' units for -om all behave the same and scale to the device size.
E.g. -om 0.1s will make the device screen margins 0.1 times the device width (for the left and
right margins) or height (for the top and bottom margins) of the output device screen.
-ow[-] [<mb>]
Set the minimum file size (in MB) where overwriting the file will not be done without prompting.
Set to -1 (or just -ow with no value) to overwrite all files with no prompting. Set to 0 (or just
-ow-) to prompt for any overwritten file. Def = -ow 10 (any existing file over 10 MB will not be
overwritten without prompting). See also -y option.
-p <pagelist>
Specify pages to convert. <pagelist> must not have any spaces. E.g. -p 1-3,5,9,10- would do
pages 1 through 3, page 5, page 9, and pages 10 through the end. The letters 'e' and 'o' can be
used to denote even and odd pages, e.g.
-p o,e Process all odd pages, then all even ones.
-p 2-52e,3-33o
Process 2,4,6,...,52,3,5,7,...,33.
Overridden by -px option. See -px.
-pad <padlist>
A shortcut for -pl, -pt, -pr, -pb. E.g. -pad 15,10,13,20 is the same as -pl 15 -pt 10 -pr 13 -pb
20. Also, using -pad 15 will set all pads to 15, for example.
-p[b|l|r|t] <nn>
Pad [bottom|left|right|top] side of destination bitmap with <nn> rows. Defaults = 4 (bottom), 0
(left), 3 (right), and 0 (top). Example: -pb 10. This is typically only used on certain devices
to get the page to come out just right. For setting margins on the output device, use -om. See
also -pad.
-png (Default) Use PNG compression in PDF file. See also -jpeg.
-ppgs[-]
Post process [do not post process] with ghostscript. This will take the final PDF output and
process it using ghostscript's pdfwrite device (assuming ghostscript is available). A benefit to
doing this is that all "invisible" and/or overlapping text regions (outside cropping areas) get
completely removed, so that text selection capability is improved. The actual ghostscript command
used is:
gs -dSAFER -dBATCH -q -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=pdfwrite
-dPDFSETTINGS=/prepress -sOutputFile=<outfile>
<srcfile>
The default is not to post process with ghostscript.
-px <pagelist>
Exclude pages from <pagelist>. Overrides -p option. Default is no excluded pages (-px -1).
-r[-] Right-to-left [left-to-right] page scans. Default is left to right.
-rls[+|-]
Restore [+] or don't restore [-] the last command-line settings from the environment variable
K2PDFOPT_CUSTOM0. The default (-rls) is to restore the settings if there are no other
command-line options specified when running (from. either the command line or the K2PDFOPT env
var.), unless those options are "-gui" or specify a file name.
-rsf <val>
Row Split Figure of merit (expert mode). After k2pdfopt has looked for gaps between rows of text,
it will check to see if there appear to be missed gaps (e.g. if one row is twice the height of all
the others). Increasing this value makes it harder for k2pdfopt to split a row. Lowering it
makes it easier. Default value = 20.
-rt <deg>|auto[+]|aep
Rotate source page counterclockwise by <deg> degrees.
NOTE: If you're trying to get "landscape" output so that you can turn your reader on its side, use
-ls instead of -rt. The -rt option is intended to be used for when your source PDF is incorrectly
rotated--e.g. if you view it on a standard PC reader and it comes up sideways.
<deg> can be 90, 180, 270. Or use "-rt auto" to examine up to 10 pages of each file to determine
the orientation used on the entire file (this is the default). Or use "-rt aep" to auto-detect
the rotation of every page. If you have different pages that are rotated differently from each
other within one file, you can use this option to try to autorotate each source page. Use -rt
auto+ to turn on autodetect even in preview mode (otherwise it is off).
See also -ls.
-s[-] Sharpen [don't sharpen] images. Default is to sharpen.
-sm[-] Show [don't show] marked source. This is a debugging tool where k2pdfopt will mark the source
file with the regions it finds on them and the order in which it processes them and save it as
<srcfile>_marked.pdf. Default is not to show marked source. Red regions are found on the first
pass (use -f2p -2 to put each red region on a separate page). Green lines mark vertical regions
affected by -vb and -vs. Gray lines mark individual rows of text (top, bottom, and baseline).
Blue boxes show individual words (passed to OCR if -ocr is specified).
-sp[-] For each file on the command-line, just echo the number of pages--don't process. Default = off
(-sp-).
-t[-] Trim [don't trim] the white space from around the edges of any output region. Default is to trim.
Using -t- is not recommended unless you want to exactly duplicate the source document.
-title <title>
Set the title metadata / property of the PDF output file(s). Default is to use the title of the
source document (-title ""). The <title> string will be parsed for special characters that allow
you to substitute the file name. See the -o option for a description of these substitutions.
-to[-] Text only output. Remove figures from output. Figures are determined empirically as any
contiguous region taller than 0.75 inches (or you can specify this using the -jf option). Use
-to- to turn off (default).
-toc[-]
Include [don't include] table of contents / outline / bookmark information in the PDF output if it
is available in the source file (works only for PDF source files and only if MuPDF is compiled
in). By default, a new destination page is started at each bookmark location. Do disable this,
see the -bp option. If -toc- is specified, bookmark information from the source file is ignored.
See also -toclist. Default is -toc.
-toclist <pagelist>|<file>
Override the PDF source file's outline information (bookmarks / table of contents) with either a
list of source pages or a file describing the table of contents. If you specify a list of pages,
e.g. -toclist 5,10,20,40,100 then those pages are marked as Chapter 1, 2, etc., respectively. If
you specify a file name, the file should be a text file formatted like this example:
1 Introduction
10 Chapter 1
+10 Chapter 1, Part A
+25 Chapter 1, Part B
++25 Chapter 1, Part B, Subsection 1
++27 Chapter 1, Part B, Subsection 2
+30 Chapter 1, Part C
50 Chapter 2
70 Chapter 3
The '+' indicates a sub-level heading (multiple +'s for multiple sub-levels). The first number on
the line is the source page reference number. The rest of the text on the line is the name of the
chapter / subheading.
Note: This option overrides -toc. To get a template from an existing PDF file, see the -tocsave
option.
-tocsave <file>
If an outline exists in the PDF file (and -toc is specified) write that outline to text file
<file> in the format required by -toclist. See -toc, -toclist.
-ui[-] User input query turned on [off]. Default = on for linux or if not run from command line in
Windows.
-v Verbose output.
-vb <thresh>
Set gap-size vertical-break threshold between regions that cause them to be treated as separate
regions. E.g. -vb 2 will break the document into separate regions anywhere there is a vertical
gap that exceeds 2 times the median gap between lines of text. These separate regions may then be
scaled and aligned independently.
Special values: Use -vb -1 to preserve all horizontal alignment and scaling across entire regions
(vertical spacing may still be adjusted). Use -vb -2 to exactly preserve each region (both
horizontal alignment and vertical spacing--this is the value used by -mode fw, for example). The
default is -vb 1.75.
-vls <spacing>
Set vertical line spacing as a fraction of the text size. This can be used to override the line
spacing in a document. If 1, then single spacing is used. 2 = double spacing. If negative, then
the absolute value acts as the limiting case. E.g., if you set -vls -1.5, then any the line
spacing of the original document is preserved unless it exceeds 1.5 (times single spacing).
Default = -1.2. See also -vs.
-vs <maxgap>
Preserve up to <maxgap> inches of vertical spacing between regions in the document (marked in
green when using -sm option). This value has no effect if you use a negative value for -vb. The
default value is 0.25.
See also -vls, -vb.
-w <width>[in|cm|s|t|p]
Set width of output device. Default is 560. See -h.
-wrap[-|+]
Enable [disable] text wrapping. Default = enabled. If -wrap+, regions of text with lines shorter
than the mobile device screen are re-flowed to fit the screen width. If you use -wrap+, you may
want to also specify -fc- so that narrow columns of text are not magnified to fit your device.
Text wrapping disables native PDF output (see -n option). See also -ws, -j, -fc, -n.
-ws <spacing>
Set minimum word spacing for line breaking as a fraction of the height of a lowercase 'o'. Use a
larger value to make it harder to break lines. If negative, automatic word spacing is turned on.
The automatic spacing leans toward breaking long words between letters to be sure to fit text to
the device display. Def = -0.20. The absolute value of the setting, if negative, is used as a
minimum allowed value. If you want k2pdfopt to aggressively break lines (e.g. break apart long
words if they don't fit on a line), use a smaller absolute value, e.g. -ws -0.01. A positive
value works as it did in v2.18 and before. The default value was changed from 0.375 in v2.18 to
-0.20 in v2.20. See also -wrap.
-wt[+] <thresh>
Any pixels whiter than <thresh> (0-255) are treated as "white". Setting this lower can help
k2pdfopt better process some poorly-quality scanned pages or pages with watermarks. Note that the
pixels which are above <thresh> threshold value and therefore are treated as white are not
actually changed to pure white (255) unless the '+' is also included. Otherwise, this only sets a
threshold. The default value for -wt is -1, which tells k2pdfopt to pick the optimum value. See
also -cmax, -colorfg, -colorbg.
-x[-] Exit [don't exit--wait for <Enter>] after completion.
-y[-] Assume [don't assume] "yes" to queries, such as whether to overwrite a file. See also -ow. Also
turns off any warning messages.
SEE ALSO
http://www.willus.com/k2pdfopt/
AUTHOR
K2pdfopt is written by Willus.
This manual page was written by Yangfl ⟨mmyangfl@gmail.com⟩ for the Debian Project (but may be used by
others).