NAME

       last, lastb - show a listing of last logged in users

SYNOPSIS

       last [options] [username...] [tty...]
       lastb [options] [username...] [tty...]

DESCRIPTION

       last  searches back through the /var/log/wtmp file (or the file designated by the -f option) and displays
       a list of all users logged in (and out) since that file was created.  One or more usernames  and/or  ttys
       can  be given, in which case last will show only the entries matching those arguments.  Names of ttys can
       be abbreviated, thus last 0 is the same as last tty0.

       When catching a SIGINT signal (generated by the interrupt key, usually control-C) or  a  SIGQUIT  signal,
       last  will show how far it has searched through the file; in the case of the SIGINT signal last will then
       terminate.

       The pseudo user reboot logs in each time the system is rebooted.  Thus last reboot will show a log of all
       the reboots since the log file was created.

       lastb  is  the  same  as  last,  except  that  by default it shows a log of the /var/log/btmp file, which
       contains all the bad login attempts.

OPTIONS

       -a, --hostlast
              Display the hostname in the last column.  Useful in combination with the --dns option.

       -d, --dns
              For non-local logins, Linux stores not only the host name of the remote host, but its IP number as
              well.  This option translates the IP number back into a hostname.

       -f, --file file
              Tell  last  to  use  a  specific  file  instead  of /var/log/wtmp.  The --file option can be given
              multiple times, and all of the specified files will be processed.

       -F, --fulltimes
              Print full login and logout times and dates.

       -i, --ip
              Like --dns , but displays the host's IP number instead of the name.

       -number
       -n, --limit number
              Tell last how many lines to show.

       -p, --present time
              Display the users who were present at the specified time.  This is like using the options  --since
              and --until together with the same time.

       -R, --nohostname
              Suppresses the display of the hostname field.

       -s, --since time
              Display  the  state of logins since the specified time.  This is useful, e.g., to easily determine
              who was logged in at a particular time.  The option is often combined with --until.

       -t, --until time
              Display the state of logins until the specified time.

       --time-format format
              Define the output timestamp format to be one of notime, short, full, or iso.  The  notime  variant
              will  not  print  any  timestamps  at  all,  short  is  the  default,  and full is the same as the
              --fulltimes option.  The iso variant will display the  timestamp  in  ISO-8601  format.   The  ISO
              format contains timezone information, making it preferable when printouts are investigated outside
              of the system.

       -w, --fullnames
              Display full user names and domain names in the output.

       -x, --system
              Display the system shutdown entries and run level changes.

TIME FORMATS

       The options that take the time argument understand the following formats:

       YYYYMMDDhhmmss
       YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss
       YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm     (seconds will be set to 00)
       YYYY-MM-DD           (time will be set to 00:00:00)
       hh:mm:ss             (date will be set to today)
       hh:mm                (date will be set to today, seconds to 00)
       now
       yesterday            (time is set to 00:00:00)
       today                (time is set to 00:00:00)
       tomorrow             (time is set to 00:00:00)
       +5min
       -5days

NOTES

       The files wtmp and btmp might not be found.  The system only logs information in these files if they  are
       present.   This  is  a  local configuration issue.  If you want the files to be used, they can be created
       with a simple touch(1) command (for example, touch /var/log/wtmp).

FILES

       /var/log/wtmp
       /var/log/btmp

AUTHOR

       Miquel van Smoorenburg ⟨miquels@cistron.nl⟩

AVAILABILITY

       The last command is part of the util-linux package and is available from Linux Kernel  Archive  ⟨https://
       www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/⟩.

SEE ALSO

       login(1), wtmp(5), init(8), shutdown(8)