Ubuntu Manpage: mysqld_multi - manage multiple MariaDB servers

Provided by: mariadb-server-10.3_10.3.39-0ubuntu0.20.04.2_amd64

NAME

       mysqld_multi - manage multiple MariaDB servers

SYNOPSIS

       mysqld_multi [options] {start|stop|report} [GNR[,GNR] ...]

DESCRIPTION

mysqld_multi is designed to manage several mysqld processes that listen for connections on different Unix
socket files and TCP/IP ports. It can start or stop servers, or report their current status.

mysqld_multi searches for groups named [mysqldN] in my.cnf (or in the file named by the --config-file
option). N can be any positive integer. This number is referred to in the following discussion as the
option group number, or GNR. Group numbers distinguish option groups from one another and are used as
arguments to mysqld_multi to specify which servers you want to start, stop, or obtain a status report
for. Options listed in these groups are the same that you would use in the [mysqld] group used for
starting mysqld. However, when using multiple servers, it is necessary that each one use its own value
for options such as the Unix socket file and TCP/IP port number.

To invoke mysqld_multi, use the following syntax:

shell> mysqld_multi [options] {start|stop|report} [GNR[,GNR] ...]

start, stop, and report indicate which operation to perform. You can perform the designated operation for
a single server or multiple servers, depending on the GNR list that follows the option name. If there is
no list, mysqld_multi performs the operation for all servers in the option file.

Each GNR value represents an option group number or range of group numbers. The value should be the
number at the end of the group name in the option file. For example, the GNR for a group named [mysqld17]
is 17. To specify a range of numbers, separate the first and last numbers by a dash. The GNR value 10-13
represents groups [mysqld10] through [mysqld13]. Multiple groups or group ranges can be specified on the
command line, separated by commas. There must be no whitespace characters (spaces or tabs) in the GNR
list; anything after a whitespace character is ignored.

This command starts a single server using option group [mysqld17]:

shell> mysqld_multi start 17

This command stops several servers, using option groups [mysqld8] and [mysqld10] through [mysqld13]:

shell> mysqld_multi stop 8,10-13

For an example of how you might set up an option file, use this command:

shell> mysqld_multi --example

mysqld_multi searches for option files as follows:

• With --no-defaults, no option files are read.

• With --defaults-file=file_name, only the named file is read.

• Otherwise, option files in the standard list of locations are read, including any file named by the
--defaults-extra-file=file_name option, if one is given. (If the option is given multiple times, the
last value is used.)

Option files read are searched for [mysqld_multi] and [mysqldN] option groups. The [mysqld_multi] group
can be used for options to mysqld_multi itself. [mysqldN] groups can be used for options passed to
specific mysqld instances.

The [mysqld] or [mysqld_safe] groups can be used for common options read by all instances of mysqld or
mysqld_safe. You can specify a --defaults-file=file_name option to use a different configuration file for
that instance, in which case the [mysqld] or [mysqld_safe] groups from that file will be used for that
instance.

mysqld_multi supports the following options.

• --help

Display a help message and exit.

• --example

Display a sample option file.

• --log=file_name

Specify the name of the log file. If the file exists, log output is appended to it.

• --mysqladmin=prog_name

The mysqladmin binary to be used to stop servers.

• --mysqld=prog_name

The mysqld binary to be used. Note that you can specify mysqld_safe as the value for this option
also. If you use mysqld_safe to start the server, you can include the mysqld or ledir options in the
corresponding [mysqldN] option group. These options indicate the name of the server that mysqld_safe
should start and the path name of the directory where the server is located. (See the descriptions
for these options in mysqld_safe(1).) Example:

[mysqld38]
mysqld = mysqld-debug
ledir = /opt/local/mysql/libexec

• --no-log

Print log information to stdout rather than to the log file. By default, output goes to the log file.

• --password=password

The password of the MariaDB account to use when invoking mysqladmin. Note that the password value is
not optional for this option, unlike for other MariaDB programs.

• --silent

Silent mode; disable warnings.

• --tcp-ip

Connect to the MariaDB server(s) via the TCP/IP port instead of the UNIX socket. This affects
stopping and reporting. If a socket file is missing, the server may still be running, but can be
accessed only via the TCP/IP port. By default connecting is done via the UNIX socket. This option
affects stop and report operations.

• --user=user_name

The user name of the MariaDB account to use when invoking mysqladmin.

• --verbose

Be more verbose.

• --version

Display version information and exit.

• --wsrep-new-cluster

Bootstrap a cluster.

Some notes about mysqld_multi:

• Most important: Before using mysqld_multi be sure that you understand the meanings of the options
that are passed to the mysqld servers and why you would want to have separate mysqld processes.
Beware of the dangers of using multiple mysqld servers with the same data directory. Use separate
data directories, unless you know what you are doing. Starting multiple servers with the same data
directory does not give you extra performance in a threaded system.

• Important: Make sure that the data directory for each server is fully accessible to the Unix account
that the specific mysqld process is started as. Do not use the Unix root account for this, unless
you know what you are doing.

• Make sure that the MariaDB account used for stopping the mysqld servers (with the mysqladmin program)
has the same user name and password for each server. Also, make sure that the account has the
SHUTDOWN privilege. If the servers that you want to manage have different user names or passwords for
the administrative accounts, you might want to create an account on each server that has the same
user name and password. For example, you might set up a common multi_admin account by executing the
following commands for each server:

shell> mysql -u root -S /tmp/mysql.sock -p
Enter password:
mysql> GRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.*
-> TO ´multi_admin´@´localhost´ IDENTIFIED BY ´multipass´;

Change the connection parameters appropriately when connecting to each one. Note that the host name
part of the account name must allow you to connect as multi_admin from the host where you want to run
mysqld_multi.

• The Unix socket file and the TCP/IP port number must be different for every mysqld. (Alternatively,
if the host has multiple network addresses, you can use --bind-address to cause different servers to
listen to different interfaces.)

• The --pid-file option is very important if you are using mysqld_safe to start mysqld (for example,
--mysqld=mysqld_safe) Every mysqld should have its own process ID file. The advantage of using
mysqld_safe instead of mysqld is that mysqld_safe monitors its mysqld process and restarts it if the
process terminates due to a signal sent using kill -9 or for other reasons, such as a segmentation
fault. Please note that the mysqld_safe script might require that you start it from a certain place.
This means that you might have to change location to a certain directory before running mysqld_multi.
If you have problems starting, please see the mysqld_safe script. Check especially the lines:

----------------------------------------------------------------
MY_PWD=`pwd`
# Check if we are starting this relative (for the binary release)
if test -d $MY_PWD/data/mysql -a \
-f ./share/mysql/english/errmsg.sys -a \
-x ./bin/mysqld
----------------------------------------------------------------

The test performed by these lines should be successful, or you might encounter problems. See
mysqld_safe(1).

• You might want to use the --user option for mysqld, but to do this you need to run the mysqld_multi
script as the Unix root user. Having the option in the option file doesn´t matter; you just get a
warning if you are not the superuser and the mysqld processes are started under your own Unix
account.

The following example shows how you might set up an option file for use with mysqld_multi. The order in
which the mysqld programs are started or stopped depends on the order in which they appear in the option
file. Group numbers need not form an unbroken sequence. The first and fifth [mysqldN] groups were
intentionally omitted from the example to illustrate that you can have “gaps” in the option file. This
gives you more flexibility.

# This file should probably be in your home dir (~/.my.cnf)
# or /etc/my.cnf
# Version 2.1 by Jani Tolonen
[mysqld_multi]
mysqld = /usr/local/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin = /usr/local/bin/mysqladmin
user = multi_admin
password = multipass
[mysqld2]
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock2
port = 3307
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/var2/hostname.pid2
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/var2
language = /usr/local/share/mysql/english
user = john
[mysqld3]
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock3
port = 3308
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/var3/hostname.pid3
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/var3
language = /usr/local/share/mysql/swedish
user = monty
[mysqld4]
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock4
port = 3309
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/var4/hostname.pid4
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/var4
language = /usr/local/share/mysql/estonia
user = tonu
[mysqld6]
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock6
port = 3311
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/var6/hostname.pid6
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/var6
language = /usr/local/share/mysql/japanese
user = jani

COPYRIGHT

       Copyright 2007-2008 MySQL AB, 2008-2010 Sun Microsystems, Inc., 2010-2016 MariaDB Foundation

       This documentation is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it only under the terms of the
       GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.

       This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without
       even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General
       Public License for more details.

       You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with the program; if not, write
       to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1335 USA or see
       http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.

AUTHOR

       MariaDB Foundation (http://www.mariadb.org/).

NAME

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

COPYRIGHT

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