Provided by: par2_0.8.1-1_amd64 
NAME
par2 - PAR 2.0 compatible file verification and repair tool.
SYNOPSIS
par2 c|v|r [options] <PAR2 file> [files]
par2 c(reate) [options] <PAR2 file> [files]
par2 v(erify) [options] <PAR2 file> [files]
par2 r(epair) [options] <PAR2 file> [files]
Also:
par2create [options] <PAR2 file> [files]
par2verify [options] <PAR2 file> [files]
par2repair [options] <PAR2 file> [files]
DESCRIPTION
par2cmdline is a program for creating and using PAR2 files to detect damage in data files and repair them
if necessary. It can be used with any kind of file.
OPTIONS
-h Show this help
-V Show version
-VV Show version and copyright
-a <file>
Set the main PAR2 archive name; required on create, optional for verify and repair
-b<n> Set the Block‐Count
-s<n> Set the Block‐Size (don't use both -b and -s)
-r<n> Level of redundancy (percentage)
-r<c><n>
Redundancy target size, <c>=g(iga),m(ega),k(ilo) bytes
-c<n> Recovery block count (don't use both -r and -c)
-f<n> First Recovery‐Block‐Number
-u Uniform recovery file sizes
-l Limit size of recovery files (don't use both -u and -l)
-n<n> Number of recovery files (don't use both -n and -l)
-m<n> Memory (in MB) to use
-t<n> Number of threads used for main processing (auto-detected)
-T<n> Number of files hashed in parallel (during file verification and creation stages, 2 default)
-v [-v]
Be more verbose
-q [-q]
Be more quiet (-qq gives silence)
-p Purge backup files and par files on successful recovery or when no recovery is needed
-R Recurse into subdirectories (only useful on create)
-N data skipping (find badly mispositioned data blocks)
-S<n> Skip leaway (distance +/- from expected block position)
-B<path>
Set the basepath to use as reference for the datafiles
-- Treat all following arguments as filenames
EXAMPLES
With PAR 2.0 you can create PAR2 recovery files for as few as 1 or as many as 32768 files. If you wanted
to create PAR1 recovery files for a single file you are forced to split the file into muliple parts and
RAR is frequently used for this purpose. You do NOT need to split files with PAR 2.0.
To create PAR 2 recovery files for a single data file (e.g. one called test.mpg), you can use the
following command:
par2 create test.mpg
If test.mpg is an 800 MB file, then this will create a total of 8 PAR2 files with the following filenames
(taking roughly 6 minutes on a PC with a 1500MHz CPU):
test.mpg.par2 - This is an index file for verification only
test.mpg.vol00+01.par2 - Recovery file with 1 recovery block
test.mpg.vol01+02.par2 - Recovery file with 2 recovery blocks
test.mpg.vol03+04.par2 - Recovery file with 4 recovery blocks
test.mpg.vol07+08.par2 - Recovery file with 8 recovery blocks
test.mpg.vol15+16.par2 - Recovery file with 16 recovery blocks
test.mpg.vol31+32.par2 - Recovery file with 32 recovery blocks
test.mpg.vol63+37.par2 - Recovery file with 37 recovery blocks
The test.mpg.par2 file is 39 KB in size and the other files vary in size from 443 KB to 15 MB. These par2
files will enable the recovery of up to 100 errors totalling 40 MB of lost or damaged data from the
original test.mpg file when it and the par2 files are posted on UseNet. When posting on UseNet it is
recommended that you use the "-s" option to set a blocksize that is equal to the Article size that you
will use to post the data file. If you wanted to post the test.mpg file using an article size of 300 KB
then the command you would type is:
par2 create -s307200 test.mpg
This will create 9 PAR2 files instead of 8, and they will be capable of correcting up to 134 errors
totalling 40 MB. It will take roughly 8 minutes to create the recovery files this time. In both of these
two examples, the total quantity of recovery data created was 40 MB (which is 5% of 800 MB). If you wish
to create a greater or lesser quantity of recovery data, you can use the "-r" option. To create 10%
recovery data instead of the default of 5% and also to use a block size of 300 KB, you would use the
following command:
par2 create -s307200 -r10 test.mpg
This would also create 9 PAR2 files, but they would be able to correct up to 269 errors totalling 80 MB.
Since twice as much recovery data is created, it will take about 16 minutes to do so with a 1500MHz CPU.
The "-u" and "-n" options can be used to control exactly how many recovery files are created and how the
recovery blocks are distributed amoungst them. They do not affect the total quantity of recovery data
created. The "-f" option is used when you create additional recovery data. e.g. If you have already
created 10% and want another 5% then you migh use the following command:
par2 create -s307200 -r5 -f300 test.mpg
This specifies the same block size (which is a requirement for additional recovery files), 5% recovery
data, and a first block number of 300.
The "-m" option controls how much memory par2 uses. It defaults to 16 MB unless you override it.
CREATING PAR2 FILES FOR MULTIPLE DATA FILES
When creating PAR2 recovery files form multiple data files, you must specify the base filename to use for
the par2 files and the names of all of the data files. If test.mpg had been split into multiple RAR
files, then you could use:
par2 create test.mpg.rar.par2 test.mpg.part*.rar
The files filename "test.mpg.rar.par2" says what you want the par2 files to be called and
"test.mpg.part*.rar" should select all of the RAR files.
VERIFYING AND REPAIRING
When using par2 recovery files to verify or repair the data files from which they were created, you only
need to specify the filename of one of the par2 files to par2. For example:
par2 verify test.mpg.par2
This tells par2 to use the information in test.mpg.par2 to verify the data files. Par2 will automatically
search for the other par2 files that were created and use the information they contain to determine the
filenames of the original data files and then to verify them. If all of the data files are ok, then par2
will report that repair will not be required. If any of the data files are missing or damaged, par2 will
report the details of what it has found. If the recovery files contain enough recovery blocks to repair
the damage, you will be told that repair is possible. Otherwise you will be told exactly how many
recovery blocks will be required in order to repair. To carry out a repair use the following command:
par2 repair test.mpg.par2
This tells par2 to verify and if possible repair any damaged or missing files. If a repair is carried
out, then each file which is repaired will be re-verified to confirm that the repair was successful.
MISSNAMED AND INCOMPLETE DATA FILES
If any of the recovery files or data files have the wrong filename, then par2 will not automatically find
and scan them. To have par2 scan such files, you must include them on the command line when attempting to
verify or repair; e.g.:
par2 r test.mpg.par2 other.mpg
This tells par2 to scan the file called other.mpg to see if it contains any data belonging to the
original data files. If one of the extra files specified in this way is an exact match for a data file,
then the repair process will rename the file so that it has the correct filename. Because par2 is
designed to be able to find good data within a damaged file, it can do the same with incomplete files
downloaded from UseNet. If some of the articles for a file are missing, you should still download the
file and save it to disk for par2 to scan. If you do this then you may find that you can carry out a
repair in a situation where you would not otherwise have sufficient recovery data. You can have par2 scan
all files that are in the current directory using a command such as:
par2 r test.mpg.par2 *
WHAT TO DO WHEN YOU ARE TOLD YOU NEED MORE RECOVERY BLOCKS
If par2 determines that any of the data files are damaged or missing and finds that there is insufficient
recovery data to effect a repair, you will be told that you need a certain number of recovery blocks. You
can obtain these by downloading additional recovery files. In order to make things easy, par2 files have
filenames that tell you exactly how many recovery blocks each one contains. Assuming that the following
command was used to create recovery data:
par2 c -b1000 -r5 test.mpg
Then the recovery files that are created would be called:
test.mpg.par2
test.mpg.vol00+01.par2
test.mpg.vol01+02.par2
test.mpg.vol03+04.par2
test.mpg.vol07+08.par2
test.mpg.vol15+16.par2
test.mpg.vol31+19.par2
The first file in this list does not contain any recovery data, it only contains information sufficient
to verify the data files. Each of the other files contains a different number of recovery blocks. The
number after the '+' sign is the number of recovery blocks and the number preceding the '+' sign is the
block number of the first recovery block in that file. If par2 told you that you needed 10 recovery
blocks, then you would need "test.mpg.vol01+02.par2" and "test.mpg.vol07+08.par". You might of course
choose to fetch "test.mpg.vol15+16.par2" instead (in which case you would have an extra 6 recovery blocks
which would not be used for the repair).
HASHING
Hashing portion (file verification and creation stages) of the code can't be parallelized without
processing multiple files simultaneously. The 2 file/thread default is a good choice for HDDs, using more
threads can result in worse performance. Four or more threads can be used for better performance with
SSDs.
AUTHORS
Peter Brian Clements <peterbclements@users.sourceforge.net>
Marcel Partap <mpartap@gmx.net>
Ike Devolder <ike.devolder@gmail.com>
Jussi Kansanen <jussi.kansanen@gmail.com>