Provided by: grass-doc_7.8.2-1build3_all 
NAME
r.topmodel - Simulates TOPMODEL which is a physically based hydrologic model.
KEYWORDS
raster, hydrology, model
SYNOPSIS
r.topmodel
r.topmodel --help
r.topmodel [-p] parameters=name topidxstats=name input=name output=name [timestep=integer]
[topidxclass=integer] [topidx=name] [ntopidxclasses=integer] [outtopidxstats=name] [--overwrite]
[--help] [--verbose] [--quiet] [--ui]
Flags:
-p
Preprocess only and stop after generating outtopidxstats
--overwrite
Allow output files to overwrite existing files
--help
Print usage summary
--verbose
Verbose module output
--quiet
Quiet module output
--ui
Force launching GUI dialog
Parameters:
parameters=name [required]
Name of input TOPMODEL parameters file
topidxstats=name [required]
Name of input topographic index statistics file
input=name [required]
Name of input rainfall and potential evapotranspiration data file
output=name [required]
Name for output file
timestep=integer
Time step
Generate output for this time step
topidxclass=integer
Topographic index class
Generate output for this topographic index class
topidx=name
Name of input topographic index raster map
Must be clipped to the catchment boundary. Used for generating outtopidxstats
ntopidxclasses=integer
Number of topographic index classes
Used for generating outtopidxstats
Default: 30
outtopidxstats=name
Name for output topographic index statistics file
Requires topidx and ntopidxclasses
DESCRIPTION
r.topmodel simulates TOPMODEL which is a physically based hydrologic model.
Parameters description
parameters
This file contains TOPMODEL parameters that describe the study area. Any lines starting with a # sign
or empty lines are ignored.
# Subcatchment name
Subcatchment 1
################################################################################
# A [m^2]: Total subcatchment area
3.31697E+07
################################################################################
# qs0 [m/h]: Initial subsurface flow per unit area
# "The first streamflow input is assumed to represent
# only the subsurface flow contribution in the watershed."
# - Liaw (1988)
0.000075
# lnTe [ln(m^2/h)]: Areal average of the soil surface transmissivity
4.
# m [m]: Parameter controlling the decline rate of transmissivity
# See Beven and Kirkby (1979)
0.0125
# Sr0 [m]: Initial root zone storage deficit
0.0025
# Srmax [m]: Maximum root zone storage deficit
0.041
# td [h]: Unsaturated zone time delay per unit storage deficit if greater than 0
# OR
# -alpha: Effective vertical hydraulic gradient if not greater than 0.
#
# For example, -10 means alpha=10.
60.
# vch [m/h]: Main channel routing velocity
20000.
# vr [m/h]: Internal subcatchment routing velocity
10000.
################################################################################
# infex: Calculate infiltration excess if not zero (integer)
0
# K0 [m/h]: Surface hydraulic conductivity
2.
# psi [m]: Wetting front suction
0.1
# dtheta: Water content change across the wetting front
0.1
################################################################################
# d [m]: Distance from the catchment outlet
# The first value should be the mainstream distance from
# the subcatchment outlet to the catchment outlet.
# Ad_r: Cumulative area ratio of subcatchment (0.0 to 1.0)
# The first and last values should be 0 and 1, respectively.
# d Ad_r
0 0.0
1000 0.2
2000 0.4
3000 0.6
4000 0.8
5000 1.0
input
This file contains observed weather data.
# dt [h]: Time step
24
################################################################################
# R [m/dt]: Rainfall
# Ep [m/dt]: Potential evapotranspiration
# R Ep
0.000033 0.000000
0.000053 0.011938
0.004821 0.000000
.
.
.
timestep
If a time step is specified, output will be generated for the specific time step in addition to the
summary and total flows at the outlet. This parameter can be combined with topidxclass to specify a
time step and topographic index class at the same time. If no topidxclass is given, output will be
generated for all the topographic index classes.
toptopidxclass
If a topographic index class is specified, output will be generated for the given topographic index
class. This parameter can be combined with timestep. If no timestep is given, output will be
generated for all the time steps.
topidx, ntoptopidxclasses, outtoptopidxstats
The topidx map can optionally be used for creating a new topographic index statistics file. This map
has to be already clipped to the catchment boundary. The entire range of topographic index values
will be divided into ntoptopidxclasses and the area ratio of each class will be reported in the
outtoptopidxstats file. These three parameters can be omitted unless a new topidxstats file needs to
be created.
REFERENCES
• Beven, K. J., 1984. Infiltration into a class of vertically non-uniform soils. Hydrological
Sciences Journal 29 (4), 425-434.
• Beven, K. J., Kirkby, M. J., 1979. A physically based, variable contributing area model of basin
hydrology. Hydrological Sciences Bulletin 24 (1), 43-69.
• Beven K. J., R. Lamb, P. Quinn, R. Romanowicz, and J. Freer, 1995. TOPMODEL, in V.P. Singh
(Ed.). Computer Models of Watershed Hydrology. Water Resources Publications.
• Cho, H., 2000. GIS Hydrological Modeling System by Using Programming Interface of GRASS. Master’s
Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Korea.
• Liaw, S. C., 1988. Streamflow Simulation Using a Physically Based Hydrologic Model in Humid
Forested Watersheds. Dissertation, Colorado State University, CO. p163.
• Morel-Seytoux, H. J., Khanji, J., 1974. Derivation of an equation of infiltration. Water
Resources Research 10 (4), 795-800.
SEE ALSO
r.fill.dir, r.mapcalc, r.topidx
How to run r.topmodel
AUTHORS
Huidae Cho, Hydro Laboratory, Kyungpook National University, South Korea
Based on TMOD9502.FOR by Keith Beven.
SOURCE CODE
Available at: r.topmodel source code (history)
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