NAME

       validns - DNS and DSNSEC zone file validator

VERSION

       This document describes validns version 0.8

SYNOPSIS

       validns -h validns [options] zone-file

       For validating stdin, specify "-" in place of zone-file.

DESCRIPTION

       Coming soon.

OPTIONS

       -h     Produce usage text and quit.

       -f     Quit  on first validation error.  Normally, validns continues working on a zone after encountering
              a parsing or validation error.

       -p name
              Activate policy check name.  By default, only basic checks and DNSSEC checks are performed.   This
              option  can  be  specified  multiple times.  See POLICY CHECKS, below, for details.  The following
              names are understood:

              • single-ns

              • cname-other-data

              • dname

              • dnskey

              • nsec3param-not-apex

              • mx-alias

              • ns-alias

              • rp-txt-exists

              • tlsa-host

              • ksk-exists

              • smimea-host

              • all

       -n N   Use N worker threads for parallelizable operations.  The default is 0, meaning no parallelization.
              Currently only signature verification is parallelizable.

       -q     quiet - do not produce any output

       -s     Print validation summary/stats.  If specified twice, also print record counts by type.

       -v     be extra verbose

       -M     use SOA MINTTL as the default TTL when no TTL specified

       -I path
              use this path for $INCLUDE files

       -z origin
              use this origin as initial $ORIGIN

       -t epoch-time
              Use  specified  time  instead of the current time when verifying validity of the signatures.  This
              option may be specified multiple times, in which case  every  signature  is  checked  against  all
              specified times.

BASIC CHECKS

       Every  record  and every supported directive should be parsable, which consitutes the most basic check of
       all.  The validns program will report the exact reason why it cannot parse a record or a directive.

       Other basic checks include:

       • there could only be one SOA in a zone;

       • the first record in the zone must be an SOA record;

       • a record outside the apex;

       • TTL values differ within an RR set (excepting RRSIG);

DNSSEC CHECKS

       • type exists, but NSEC does not mention it for name;

       • NSEC mentions type, but no such record found for name;

       • NSEC says x is the last name, but z exists;

       • NSEC says z comes after x, but nothing does;

       • NSEC says z comes after x, but y does;

       • signature is too new;

       • signature is too old;

       • RRSIG exists for non-existing type type;

       • RRSIG's original TTL differs from corresponding record's;

       • RRSIG(type): cannot find a signer key;

       • RRSIG(type): cannot verify the signature;

       • RRSIG(type): cannot find the right signer key;

       • NSEC3 record name is not valid;

       • multiple NSEC3 with the same record name;

       • no corresponding NSEC3 found for name;

       • type exists, but NSEC3 does not mention it for name;

       • NSEC3 mentions type, but no such record found for name;

       • there are more record types than NSEC3 mentions for name;

       • broken NSEC3 chain, expected name, but nothing found;

       • broken NSEC3 chain, expected name1, but found name2;

       • NSEC3 without a corresponding record (or empty non-terminal).

POLICY CHECKS

       • there should be at least two NS records per name (or zero);

       • CNAME and other data (excluding possible RRSIG and NSEC);

       • DNAME checks: no multiple DNAMEs, no descendants of a node with a DNAME; please note  that  DNAME/CNAME
         clash is handled by CNAME and other data check already;

       • DNSKEY checks: public key too short, leading zero octets in public key exponent or modulus;

       • NSEC3PARAM, if present, should only be at the zone apex.

       • MX exchange should not be an alias

       • NS nsdname should not be an alias

       • TXT domain name mentioned in RP record must have a corresponding TXT record if it is within the zone

       • domain name of a TLSA record must be a proper prefixed DNS name

       • a KSK key must exist in a signed zone

       • domain name must have the form which is proper for an SMIMEA record

BUGS

       • textual segments in TXT and HINFO must be enclosed in double quotes;

       • a dot within a label is not currently supported;

       If  at least one NSEC3 record uses opt-out flag, validns assumes it is used as much as possible, that is,
       every unsigned delegation does not have a corresponding NSEC3  record.   This  is  done  for  reasons  of
       efficiency,  to  avoid calculating cryptographic hashes of every unsigned delegation.  If this assumption
       is wrong for a zone, validns will produce spurious validation errors.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

       Thanks go to Andy Holdaway, Daniel Stirnimann, Dennis Kjaer Jensen, Goran Bengtson,  Hirohisa  Yamaguchi,
       Hugo  Salgado,  Jake  Zack,  Jakob Schlyter, Koh-ichi Ito, Mathieu Arnold, Miek Gieben, Patrik Wallstrom,
       Paul Wouters, Ryan Eby, Tony Finch, Willem Toorop, and  YAMAGUCHI  Takanori  for  bug  reports,  testing,
       discussions, and occasional patches.

       Special thanks to Stephane Bortzmeyer and Phil Regnauld.

       Thanks  for  AFNIC  which  funded  major  portion  of  the development.  Thanks for SWITCH for additional
       funding.

AUTHORS

       Anton Berezin.

                                                   April 2011                                         VALIDNS(1)