NAME

       dup, dup2 — duplicate an existing file descriptor

LIBRARY

       Standard C Library (libc, -lc)

SYNOPSIS

       #include <unistd.h>

       int
       dup(int oldd);

       int
       dup2(int oldd, int newd);

DESCRIPTION

       The  dup()  system  call  duplicates  an  existing object descriptor and returns its value to the calling
       process (newd = dup(oldd)).  The argument oldd is a small non-negative integer index in  the  per-process
       descriptor  table.   The  new descriptor returned by the call is the lowest numbered descriptor currently
       not in use by the process.

       The object referenced by the descriptor does not distinguish between oldd and newd in any way.   Thus  if
       newd  and  oldd are duplicate references to an open file, read(2), write(2) and lseek(2) calls all move a
       single pointer into the file, and append mode, non-blocking I/O and asynchronous I/O options  are  shared
       between  the references.  If a separate pointer into the file is desired, a different object reference to
       the file must be obtained by issuing an additional open(2) system call.  The close-on-exec  flag  on  the
       new file descriptor is unset.

       In  dup2(),  the value of the new descriptor newd is specified.  If this descriptor is already in use and
       oldd ≠ newd, the descriptor is first deallocated as if the close(2) system call had been used.   If  oldd
       is not a valid descriptor, then newd is not closed.  If oldd == newd and oldd is a valid descriptor, then
       dup2() is successful, and does nothing.

RETURN VALUES

       These  calls  return  the  new  file descriptor if successful; otherwise the value -1 is returned and the
       external variable errno is set to indicate the cause of the error.

ERRORS

       The dup() system call fails if:

       [EBADF]            The oldd argument is not a valid active descriptor

       [EMFILE]           Too many descriptors are active.

       The dup2() system call fails if:

       [EBADF]            The oldd argument is not a valid active descriptor or the newd argument is negative or
                          exceeds the maximum allowable descriptor number

SEE ALSO

       accept(2), close(2), fcntl(2), getdtablesize(2), open(2), pipe(2), socket(2), socketpair(2), dup3(3)

STANDARDS

       The dup() and dup2() system calls are expected to conform to ISO/IEC 9945-1:1990 (“POSIX.1”).

HISTORY

       The dup() function appeared in Version 3 AT&T UNIX.  The dup2() function appeared in Version 7 AT&T UNIX.

Debian                                          December 1, 2017                                          DUP(2)