NAME

       csv1 - Format of the csv1 zone file that MaraDNS uses

SPECIAL NOTE

       The csv1 zone file format is supported primarily for MaraDNS users who already have zone
       files in the csv1 format. MaraDNS now supports a csv2 zone file format. Note that the csv1
       zone file format will continue to function as long as I am MaraDNS' maintainer.

SPECIAL CHARACTERS

       |  This delimits fields

       #  This signifies a comment. Lines starting with this are ignored, otherwise it has no
          significance

       %  This, in domain names, signifies that the rest of the domain name should be the name of
          this zone

       *  This is translated to mean "any host name that otherwise does not resolve". It must be
          at the beginning of a domain name.

       \  This is used as an escape character, either to escape octal values such as '\045' for
          %, or to escape the '%' character so it has no special meaning, or to escape the
          backslash character.

NOTES ON PROCESSING

       All domain-name labels are converted to their lower-case equivalents before processing is
       done. This is because domain-name literals in the database with one or more upper-case
       letters in them are case-sensitive. This is my way to resolve RFC1035 schizophrenic desire
       to both allow binary domain labels, and its desire to be case-insensitive.

       The file must first have a SOA record, followed by one or more NS records, followed by
       other records. The initial NS and SOA records must be RR for this zone. NS records after
       any non-NS record must be part of another zone. The resolution algorithm will not break if
       non-CNAME records share records with a CNAME record, but this is not a good idea to do.

RR FORMAT

       A domain name is a one-letter designation of its type, followed by the domain name
       separated by dots, ending with either a % or a trailing dot.  If the domain name does not
       end with a % or trailing dot, an error is returned.

SUPPORTED RR TYPES

       MaraDNS only supports the following types of resource records (RRs) in csv1 files. More
       resource records types are supported in csv2 zone files; see csv2(5) for details.

            Letter Type   RFC1035 section 3.2.2 value
            A      A      1
            N      NS     2
            C      CNAME  5
            S      SOA    6
            P      PTR    12
            @      MX     15
            T      TXT    16
            U      any    determined in third field of line

FORMAT OF SUPPORTED RR TYPES

       Here are the formats, shown by letter name:

       A: Has three fields
       field one: the domain name
       field two: the ttl for the name in seconds
       field three: the ip address, in dotted decimal notation
       Example:
       Ahost.example.com.|7200|10.1.2.3

       A records are described with grueling detail in RFC1035. In short, an A record is an IP
       address for a given host name.

       N: Has three fields
       field one: the domain name of the record
       field two: the ttl for the name in seconds
       field three: the domain name this NS points to.
       Example:
       Nexample.com.|86400|ns.example.com.

       NS (N here) records are described in RFC1035

       C: Has three fields
       field one: the domain name of the record
       field two: the ttl for the name in seconds
       field three: the domain this CNAME record points to
       Example:
       Calias.example.org.|3200|realname.example.org.

       CNAME (which C is short for) records are described in RFC1035

       S: Has nine fields
       field one: the domain name of the record
       field two: the TTL of the record
       field three: the origin of the domain.  In other words, the name of the
                    primary name server for the domain.
       field four: the email address for this domain (in the RFC822, not
                   BIND format)
       field five: the serial for the domain
       field six: the refresh (how often to see updates) for the domain
       field seven: the retry (how often to try when down) for the domain
       field eight: the expire (how long before the slave gives up) for the
                    domain
       field nine: the minimum (and default) TTL for the domain
       Example:
       Sexample.net.|86400|%|hostmaster@%|19771108|7200|3600|604800|1800

       SOA (S here) records are described in RFC1035

       P: has three fields
       field one: the IP we wish to point to (in in-addr.arpa form)
       field two: the ttl for the name in seconds
       field three: the FQDN for the IP in question
       Example:
       P3.2.1.10.in-addr.arpa.|86400|ns.example.com.

       PTR (P here) records, which are used for reverse DNS lookups, are described in RFC1035.
       Note that one needs control of the appropriate in-addr.arpa subdomain to make PTR records
       visible on the internet at large.

       @: has four fields
       field one: The host that people send email to
       field two: the ttl for this record
       field three: The preference for this MX host
       field four: The name of this MX host
       Example:
       @example.com.|86400|10|mail.example.com.

       MX (@ here) records are described in RFC1035

       T: has three fields
       field one: The host someone wants to get additional information about
       field two: the ttl for this record
       field three: The desired text.  Any data becomes the record up until a
                    new line is reached.  The new line is not part of the TXT
                    record
       Example:
       Texample.com.|86400|Example.com: Buy example products online

       TXT (T here) records are described in RFC1035

       U: has four fields
       field one: The host someone wants a data type normally unsupported by
                  MaraDNS for
       field two: the ttl for this record
       field three: The numeric code for this data type (33 for SRV, etc.)
       field four: The raw binary data for this data type
       Example:
       Uexample.com.|3600|40|\010\001\002Kitchen sink data

       The above example is a "Kitchen Sink" RR (see draft-ietf-dnsind-kitchen-sink-02.txt) with
       a "meaning" of 8, a "coding" of 1, a "subcoding" of 2, and a data string of "Kitchen sink
       data".  Since this particular data type is not formalized in a RFC at this time, the most
       appropriate method of storing this data is by using the catch-all "unsupported" syntax.

EXAMPLE CSV1 ZONE FILE

       # Example CSV1 zone file

       # This is what is known as a SOA record.  All zone files need to have one
       # of these
       S%|86400|%|hostmaster@%|19771108|7200|3600|604800|1800
       # These are known as authoritative NS records.  All zone files need
       # one or more of these
       N%|86400|ns1.%
       N%|86400|ns2.%

       # Some IP addresses
       Ans1.%|86400|10.0.0.1
       Ans2.%|86400|192.168.0.1
       A%|86400|10.1.2.3
       Amx.%|86400|10.1.2.4

       # An 'IN MX' record
       @%|86400|10|mx.%

LEGAL DISCLAIMER

       THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS ''AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
       INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
       PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
       FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
       (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
       DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
       WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
       IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
       DAMAGE.

AUTHOR

       Sam Trenholme http://www.samiam.org/