Provided by: btrfs-progs_5.4.1-2_amd64 
NAME
btrfs-filesystem - command group that primarily does work on the whole filesystems
SYNOPSIS
btrfs filesystem <subcommand> <args>
DESCRIPTION
btrfs filesystem is used to perform several whole filesystem level tasks, including all
the regular filesystem operations like resizing, space stats, label setting/getting, and
defragmentation. There are other whole filesystem tasks like scrub or balance that are
grouped in separate commands.
SUBCOMMAND
df [options] <path>
Show a terse summary information about allocation of block group types of a given
mount point. The original purpose of this command was a debugging helper. The output
needs to be further interpreted and is not suitable for quick overview.
An example with description:
• device size: 1.9TiB, one device, no RAID
• filesystem size: 1.9TiB
• created with: mkfs.btrfs -d single -m single
$ btrfs filesystem df /path
Data, single: total=1.15TiB, used=1.13TiB
System, single: total=32.00MiB, used=144.00KiB
Metadata, single: total=12.00GiB, used=6.45GiB
GlobalReserve, single: total=512.00MiB, used=0.00B
• Data, System and Metadata are separate block group types. GlobalReserve is an
artificial and internal emergency space, see below.
• single — the allocation profile, defined at mkfs time
• total — sum of space reserved for all allocation profiles of the given type, ie.
all Data/single. Note that it’s not total size of filesystem.
• used — sum of used space of the above, ie. file extents, metadata blocks
GlobalReserve is an artificial and internal emergency space. It is used eg. when the
filesystem is full. Its total size is dynamic based on the filesystem size, usually
not larger than 512MiB, used may fluctuate.
The GlobalReserve is a portion of Metadata. In case the filesystem metadata is
exhausted, GlobalReserve/total + Metadata/used = Metadata/total. Otherwise there
appears to be some unused space of Metadata.
Options
-b|--raw
raw numbers in bytes, without the B suffix
-h|--human-readable
print human friendly numbers, base 1024, this is the default
-H
print human friendly numbers, base 1000
--iec
select the 1024 base for the following options, according to the IEC standard
--si
select the 1000 base for the following options, according to the SI standard
-k|--kbytes
show sizes in KiB, or kB with --si
-m|--mbytes
show sizes in MiB, or MB with --si
-g|--gbytes
show sizes in GiB, or GB with --si
-t|--tbytes
show sizes in TiB, or TB with --si
If conflicting options are passed, the last one takes precedence.
defragment [options] <file>|<dir> [<file>|<dir>...]
Defragment file data on a mounted filesystem. Requires kernel 2.6.33 and newer.
If -r is passed, files in dir will be defragmented recursively (not descending to
subvolumes and mount points). The start position and the number of bytes to defragment
can be specified by start and length using -s and -l options below. Extents bigger
than value given by -t will be skipped, otherwise this value is used as a target
extent size, but is only advisory and may not be reached if the free space is too
fragmented. Use 0 to take the kernel default, which is 256kB but may change in the
future. You can also turn on compression in defragment operations.
Warning
Defragmenting with Linux kernel versions < 3.9 or ≥ 3.14-rc2 as well as with Linux
stable kernel versions ≥ 3.10.31, ≥ 3.12.12 or ≥ 3.13.4 will break up the reflinks
of COW data (for example files copied with cp --reflink, snapshots or
de-duplicated data). This may cause considerable increase of space usage depending
on the broken up reflinks.
Note
Directory arguments without -r do not defragment files recursively but will
defragment certain internal trees (extent tree and the subvolume tree). This has
been confusing and could be removed in the future.
For start, len, size it is possible to append units designator: 'K', 'M', 'G', 'T',
'P', or 'E', which represent KiB, MiB, GiB, TiB, PiB, or EiB, respectively (case does
not matter).
Options
-v
be verbose, print file names as they’re submitted for defragmentation
-c[<algo>]
compress file contents while defragmenting. Optional argument selects the
compression algorithm, zlib (default), lzo or zstd. Currently it’s not possible to
select no compression. See also section EXAMPLES.
-r
defragment files recursively in given directories, does not descend to subvolumes
or mount points
-f
flush data for each file before going to the next file.
This will limit the amount of dirty data to current file, otherwise the amount
accumulates from several files and will increase system load. This can also lead
to ENOSPC if there’s too much dirty data to write and it’s not possible to make
the reservations for the new data (ie. how the COW design works).
-s <start>[kKmMgGtTpPeE]
defragmentation will start from the given offset, default is beginning of a file
-l <len>[kKmMgGtTpPeE]
defragment only up to len bytes, default is the file size
-t <size>[kKmMgGtTpPeE]
target extent size, do not touch extents bigger than size, default: 32M
The value is only advisory and the final size of the extents may differ, depending
on the state of the free space and fragmentation or other internal logic.
Reasonable values are from tens to hundreds of megabytes.
du [options] <path> [<path>..]
Calculate disk usage of the target files using FIEMAP. For individual files, it will
report a count of total bytes, and exclusive (not shared) bytes. We also calculate a
set shared value which is described below.
Each argument to btrfs filesystem du will have a set shared value calculated for it.
We define each set as those files found by a recursive search of an argument
(recursion descends to subvolumes but not mount points). The set shared value then is
a sum of all shared space referenced by the set.
set shared takes into account overlapping shared extents, hence it isn’t as simple as
adding up shared extents.
Options
-s|--summarize
display only a total for each argument
--raw
raw numbers in bytes, without the B suffix.
--human-readable
print human friendly numbers, base 1024, this is the default
--iec
select the 1024 base for the following options, according to the IEC standard.
--si
select the 1000 base for the following options, according to the SI standard.
--kbytes
show sizes in KiB, or kB with --si.
--mbytes
show sizes in MiB, or MB with --si.
--gbytes
show sizes in GiB, or GB with --si.
--tbytes
show sizes in TiB, or TB with --si.
label [<device>|<mountpoint>] [<newlabel>]
Show or update the label of a filesystem. This works on a mounted filesystem or a
filesystem image.
The newlabel argument is optional. Current label is printed if the argument is
omitted.
Note
the maximum allowable length shall be less than 256 chars and must not contain a
newline. The trailing newline is stripped automatically.
resize [<devid>:][+/-]<size>[kKmMgGtTpPeE]|[<devid>:]max <path>
Resize a mounted filesystem identified by path. A particular device can be resized by
specifying a devid.
Warning
If path is a file containing a BTRFS image then resize does not work as expected
and does not resize the image. This would resize the underlying filesystem
instead.
The devid can be found in the output of btrfs filesystem show and defaults to 1 if not
specified. The size parameter specifies the new size of the filesystem. If the prefix
+ or - is present the size is increased or decreased by the quantity size. If no units
are specified, bytes are assumed for size. Optionally, the size parameter may be
suffixed by one of the following unit designators: 'K', 'M', 'G', 'T', 'P', or 'E',
which represent KiB, MiB, GiB, TiB, PiB, or EiB, respectively (case does not matter).
If max is passed, the filesystem will occupy all available space on the device
respecting devid (remember, devid 1 by default).
The resize command does not manipulate the size of underlying partition. If you wish
to enlarge/reduce a filesystem, you must make sure you can expand the partition before
enlarging the filesystem and shrink the partition after reducing the size of the
filesystem. This can done using fdisk(8) or parted(8) to delete the existing partition
and recreate it with the new desired size. When recreating the partition make sure to
use the same starting partition offset as before.
Growing is usually instant as it only updates the size. However, shrinking could take
a long time if there are data in the device area that’s beyond the new end. Relocation
of the data takes time.
See also section EXAMPLES.
show [options] [<path>|<uuid>|<device>|<label>]
Show the btrfs filesystem with some additional info about devices and space
allocation.
If no option none of path/uuid/device/label is passed, information about all the BTRFS
filesystems is shown, both mounted and unmounted.
Options
-m|--mounted
probe kernel for mounted BTRFS filesystems
-d|--all-devices
scan all devices under /dev, otherwise the devices list is extracted from the
/proc/partitions file. This is a fallback option if there’s no device node manager
(like udev) available in the system.
--raw
raw numbers in bytes, without the B suffix
--human-readable
print human friendly numbers, base 1024, this is the default
--iec
select the 1024 base for the following options, according to the IEC standard
--si
select the 1000 base for the following options, according to the SI standard
--kbytes
show sizes in KiB, or kB with --si
--mbytes
show sizes in MiB, or MB with --si
--gbytes
show sizes in GiB, or GB with --si
--tbytes
show sizes in TiB, or TB with --si
sync <path>
Force a sync of the filesystem at path. This is done via a special ioctl and will also
trigger cleaning of deleted subvolumes. Besides that it’s equivalent to the sync(1)
command.
usage [options] <path> [<path>...]
Show detailed information about internal filesystem usage. This is supposed to replace
the btrfs filesystem df command in the long run.
The level of detail can differ if the command is run under a regular or the root user
(due to use of restricted ioctl). For both there’s a summary section with information
about space usage:
$ btrfs filesystem usage /path
WARNING: cannot read detailed chunk info, RAID5/6 numbers will be incorrect, run as root
Overall:
Device size: 1.82TiB
Device allocated: 1.17TiB
Device unallocated: 669.99GiB
Device missing: 0.00B
Used: 1.14TiB
Free (estimated): 692.57GiB (min: 692.57GiB)
Data ratio: 1.00
Metadata ratio: 1.00
Global reserve: 512.00MiB (used: 0.00B)
The root user will also see stats broken down by block group types:
Data,single: Size:1.15TiB, Used:1.13TiB
/dev/sdb 1.15TiB
Metadata,single: Size:12.00GiB, Used:6.45GiB
/dev/sdb 12.00GiB
System,single: Size:32.00MiB, Used:144.00KiB
/dev/sdb 32.00MiB
Unallocated:
/dev/sdb 669.99GiB
Options
-b|--raw
raw numbers in bytes, without the B suffix
-h|--human-readable
print human friendly numbers, base 1024, this is the default
-H
print human friendly numbers, base 1000
--iec
select the 1024 base for the following options, according to the IEC standard
--si
select the 1000 base for the following options, according to the SI standard
-k|--kbytes
show sizes in KiB, or kB with --si
-m|--mbytes
show sizes in MiB, or MB with --si
-g|--gbytes
show sizes in GiB, or GB with --si
-t|--tbytes
show sizes in TiB, or TB with --si
-T
show data in tabular format
If conflicting options are passed, the last one takes precedence.
EXAMPLES
$ btrfs filesystem defrag -v -r dir/
Recursively defragment files under dir/, print files as they are processed. The file names
will be printed in batches, similarly the amount of data triggered by defragmentation will
be proportional to last N printed files. The system dirty memory throttling will slow down
the defragmentation but there can still be a lot of IO load and the system may stall for a
moment.
$ btrfs filesystem defrag -v -r -f dir/
Recursively defragment files under dir/, be verbose and wait until all blocks are flushed
before processing next file. You can note slower progress of the output and lower IO load
(proportional to currently defragmented file).
$ btrfs filesystem defrag -v -r -f -clzo dir/
Recursively defragment files under dir/, be verbose, wait until all blocks are flushed and
force file compression.
$ btrfs filesystem defrag -v -r -t 64M dir/
Recursively defragment files under dir/, be verbose and try to merge extents to be about
64MiB. As stated above, the success rate depends on actual free space fragmentation and
the final result is not guaranteed to meet the target even if run repeatedly.
$ btrfs filesystem resize -1G /path
$ btrfs filesystem resize 1:-1G /path
Shrink size of the filesystem’s device id 1 by 1GiB. The first syntax expects a device
with id 1 to exist, otherwise fails. The second is equivalent and more explicit. For a
single-device filesystem it’s typically not necessary to specify the devid though.
$ btrfs filesystem resize max /path
$ btrfs filesystem resize 1:max /path
Let’s assume that devid 1 exists and the filesystem does not occupy the whole block
device, eg. it has been enlarged and we want to grow the filesystem. By simply using max
as size we will achieve that.
Note
There are two ways to minimize the filesystem on a given device. The btrfs
inspect-internal min-dev-size command, or iteratively shrink in steps.
EXIT STATUS
btrfs filesystem returns a zero exit status if it succeeds. Non zero is returned in case
of failure.
AVAILABILITY
btrfs is part of btrfs-progs. Please refer to the btrfs wiki http://btrfs.wiki.kernel.org
for further details.
SEE ALSO
mkfs.btrfs(8),