Provided by: sg3-utils_1.44-1ubuntu2_amd64 bug

NAME

       sg_ses - access a SCSI Enclosure Services (SES) device

SYNOPSIS

       sg_ses [--descriptor=DES] [--dev-slot-num=SN] [--eiioe=A_F] [--filter] [--get=STR] [--hex]
       [--index=IIA | --index=TIA,II] [--inner-hex] [--join] [--maxlen=LEN] [--page=PG] [--quiet]
       [--raw] [--readonly] [--sas-addr=SA] [--status] [--verbose] [--warn] DEVICE

       sg_ses     [--byte1=B1]    [--clear=STR]    [--control]    [--data=H,H...]    [--data=@FN]
       [--descriptor=DES]   [--dev-slot-num=SN]   [--index=IIA   |    --index=TIA,II]    [--mask]
       [--maxlen=LEN]  [--nickname=SEN] [--nickid=SEID]  [--page=PG] [--readonly] [--sas-addr=SA]
       [--set=STR] [--verbose] DEVICE

       sg_ses --data=@FN --status [--raw --raw] [<all options from first form>]

       sg_ses [--enumerate] [--index=IIA] [--list] [--help] [--version]

DESCRIPTION

       Fetches management information from a SCSI Enclosure Service (SES) device.   This  utility
       can  also modify the state of a SES device. The DEVICE should be a SES device which may be
       a dedicated enclosure services processor in which case an  INQUIRY  response's  Peripheral
       Device  Type  is 13 [0xd]. Alternatively it may be attached to another type of SCSI device
       (e.g. a disk) in which case the EncServ bit is set in its INQUIRY response.

       If the DEVICE argument is given with no options then the names  of  all  diagnostic  pages
       (dpages)  supported  are  listed.  Most,  but not necessarily all, of the named dpages are
       defined in the SES standards and drafts. The most recent reference for this utility is the
       draft   SCSI   Enclosure   Services   4   document   T10/BSR  INCITS  555  Revision  1  at
       http://www.t10.org . Existing standards for SES, SES-2 and SES-3 are ANSI INCITS  305-1998
       and ANSI INCITS 448-2008 and ANSI INCITS 518-2017 respectively.

       The  first  form  shown in the synopsis is for fetching and decoding dpages or fields from
       the SES DEVICE. A SCSI RECEIVE DIAGNOSTIC RESULTS command is sent to the DEVICE to  obtain
       each  dpage  response.   Rather  than decoding a fetched dpage, it may be output in hex or
       binary with the --hex or --raw --raw options.

       The second form in the synopsis is for modifying dpages or fields held in the SES  DEVICE.
       A SCSI SEND DIAGNOSTIC command containing a "control" dpage is sent to the DEVICE to cause
       changes. Changing the state of an enclosure (e.g. requesting the "ident" (locate)  LED  to
       flash  on  a  disk carrier in an array) is typically done using a read-modify-write cycle.
       See the section on CHANGING STATE below.

       The third form in the synopsis shows the options for decoding the contents of a file  that
       holds a hexadecimal or binary representation of a SES dpage response. Typically an earlier
       invocation of the first form of this utility with the '-HHHH' option would have  generated
       that file. Since no SCSI commands are sent, the DEVICE argument if given will be ignored.

       The  last  form  in  the  synopsis shows the options for providing command line help (i.e.
       usage information), listing out dpage and field information tables  held  by  the  utility
       (--enumerate), or printing the version string of this utility.

       There is a web page discussing this utility at http://sg.danny.cz/sg/sg_ses.html . Support
       for downloading microcode to a SES device has been placed in  a  separate  utility  called
       sg_ses_microcode.

       In  the following sections "dpage" refers to a diagnostic page, either fetched with a SCSI
       RECEIVE DIAGNOSTIC RESULTS command, sent  to  the  DEVICE  with  a  SCSI  SEND  DIAGNOSTIC
       command, or fetched from data supplied by the --data= option.

OPTIONS

       Arguments  to  long  options  are  mandatory  for  short options as well.  The options are
       arranged in alphabetical order based on the long option name.

       -b, --byte1=B1
              some modifiable dpages may need byte 1 (i.e. the second byte) set. In the Enclosure
              Control  dpage,  byte  1 contains the INFO, NON-CRIT, CRIT and UNRECOV bits. In the
              Subenclosure String Out,  Subenclosure  Nickname  Control  and  Download  Microcode
              Control  dpages,  byte 1 is the Subenclosure identifier.  Active when the --control
              and --data=H,H... options are used and the default value is 0. If  the  --clear=STR
              or --set=STR option is used then the value read from byte 1 is written back to byte
              1.  B1 is in decimal unless it is prefixed by '0x' or '0X' (or has a  trailing  'h'
              or 'H').

       -C, --clear=STR
              Used  to  clear  an  element field in the Enclosure Control or Threshold Out dpage.
              Must be used together with an indexing option to specify which  element  is  to  be
              changed.  The  Enclosure  Control  dpage  is assumed if the --page=PG option is not
              given. See the STR FORMAT and the CLEAR, GET, SET sections below.

       -c, --control
              will send control information to the DEVICE via a  SCSI  SEND  DIAGNOSTIC  command.
              Cannot  give  both  this  option  and --status.  The Enclosure Control, String Out,
              Threshold  Out,  Array  Control  (obsolete  in  SES-2),  Subenclosure  String  Out,
              Subenclosure  Nickname  Control and Download Microcode dpages can be set currently.
              This option is assumed if either the --clear=STR or --set=STR option is given.

       -d, --data=H,H...
              permits a string of comma separated (ASCII) hex bytes to be specified (limit 1024).
              A  (single)  space separated string of hex bytes is also allowed but the list needs
              to be in quotes. This option allows  the  parameters  to  a  control  dpage  to  be
              specified.  The  string  given should not include the first 4 bytes (i.e. page code
              and length). See the DATA SUPPLIED section below.

       -d, --data=-
              reads one or more data strings from stdin, limit  almost  2**16  bytes.  stdin  may
              provide  ASCII  hex  as  a  comma  separated  list  (i.e. as with the --data=H,H...
              option). Additionally spaces, tabs and line feeds are permitted as separators  from
              stdin  . Stops reading stdin when an EOF is detected. See the DATA SUPPLIED section
              below.

       -d, --data=@FN
              reads one or more data strings from the file called FN, limit almost  2**16  bytes.
              The  contents  of the file is decoded in the same fashion as stdin described in the
              previous option. See the DATA SUPPLIED section below.

       -D, --descriptor=DES
              where DES is a descriptor name (string) as found in the Element  Descriptor  dpage.
              This  is  a medium level indexing alternative to the low level --index= options. If
              the descriptor name contains a space then DES needs  to  be  surrounded  by  quotes
              (single  or  double)  or  the space escaped (e.g. preceded by a backslash). See the
              DESCRIPTOR NAME, DEVICE SLOT NUMBER AND SAS ADDRESS section below.

       -x, --dev-slot-num=SN, --dsn=SN
              where SN is a device slot number found in the Additional Element Status dpage. Only
              entries for FCP and SAS devices (with EIP=1) have device slot numbers. SN must be a
              number in the range 0 to 255 (inclusive). 255 is  used  to  indicate  there  is  no
              corresponding  device  slot. This is a medium level indexing alternative to the low
              level --index= options. See the DESCRIPTOR NAME, DEVICE SLOT NUMBER AND SAS ADDRESS
              section below.

       -E, --eiioe=A_F
              A_F  is  either  the  string  'auto'  or  'force'.  There was some fuzziness in the
              interpretation of the 'element index' field in the Additional Element Status  (AES)
              dpage  between SES-2 and SES-3. The EIIOE bit was introduced to resolve the problem
              but not all enclosures have caught up. In the SES-3 revision 12 draft the EIIOE bit
              was  expanded  to  a  2 bit EIIOE field.  Using '--eiioe=force' will decode the AES
              dpage as if the EIIOE field is set to 1.  Using '--eiioe=auto' will decode the  AES
              dpage as if the EIIOE field is set to 1 if the first AES descriptor has its EIP bit
              set and its element index field is 1 (in other words a heuristic to  guess  whether
              the EIIOE field should be set to 1 or 0).
              If  the  enclosure sets the actual EIIOE field to 1 or more then this option has no
              effect. It is recommended that HP JBOD users set --eiioe=auto .

       -e, --enumerate
              enumerate all known dpage names and SES elements when this option is given once.
              If --enumerate is given twice, then the recognised acronyms  for  the  --clear=STR,
              --get=STR  and  --set=STR  options are listed. The utility exits after listing this
              information, so most other options and DEVICE are ignored.  Since  there  are  many
              acronyms  for  the  Enclosure  Control/Status  dpage then the output can be further
              restricted by giving the --index=IIA option (e.g. "sg_ses -ee -I ts" to  only  show
              the  acronyms  associated  with  the  Enclosure  Control/Status dpage's Temperature
              Sensor Element Type).

       -f, --filter
              cuts down on the  amount  of  output  from  the  Enclosure  Status  dpage  and  the
              Additional  Element Status dpage. When this option is given, any line which has all
              its binary flags cleared (i.e. 0) is filtered out (i.e.  ignored).  If a  line  has
              some other value on it (e.g. a temperature) then it is output.  When this option is
              used twice only elements associated with the "status=ok" field  (in  the  Enclosure
              status  dpage) are output. The --filter option is useful for reducing the amount of
              output generated by the --join option.

       -G, --get=STR
              Used to read a field in a status element. Must be used together with a an  indexing
              option  to  specify  which  element  is to be read. By default the Enclosure Status
              dpage is read, the only other dpages that can be read  are  the  Threshold  In  and
              Additional  Element  Status  dpages. If a value is found it is output in decimal to
              stdout (by default) or in hexadecimal preceded by "0x" if the --hex option is  also
              given. See the STR FORMAT and the CLEAR, GET, SET sections below.

       -h, --help
              output  the  usage  message  then  exit. Since there is a lot of information, it is
              split into two pages. The most important is shown on  the  first  page.   Use  this
              option  twice  (e.g. '-hh') to output the second page. Note: the --enumerate option
              might also be viewed as a help or usage type option. And like this option it has  a
              "given twice" form: '-ee'.

       -H, --hex
              If  the  --get=STR  option  is  given  then  output  the  value  found  (if any) in
              hexadecimal, with a leading "0x". Otherwise output  the  response  in  hexadecimal;
              with  trailing  ASCII  if  given once, without it if given twice, and simple hex if
              given three or more times. Ignored when all elements from several dpages are  being
              accessed (e.g. when the --join option is used). Also see the --raw option which may
              be used with this option.
              To dump one of more dpage responses to stdout in  ASCII  parsable  hexadecimal  use
              -HHH  or  -HHHH.  The  triple  H form only outputs hexadecimals which is fine for a
              single dpage response. When all dpages are dumped (e.g.  with --page=all) then  the
              quad  H  form  adds the name of each dpage following a hash mark ('#'). The --data=
              option parser ignores everything from and including a hash mark to the end  of  the
              line.  Hence  the output of the quad H form is still parsable plus it is easier for
              users to view and possibly edit. -HHHHH (that is 5) adds the page code in hex after
              the page's name in the comment.

       -I, --index=IIA
              where  IIA  is either an individual index (II) or an Element type abbreviation (A).
              See the INDEXES section below. If the  --page=PG  option  is  not  given  then  the
              Enclosure Status (or Control) dpage is assumed.  May be used with the --join option
              or one of the  --clear=STR,  --get=STR  or  --set=STR  options.  To  enumerate  the
              available Element type abbreviations use the --enumerate option.

       -I, --index=TIA,II
              where TIA,II is an type header index (TI) or Element type abbreviation (A) followed
              by an individual index (II). See the INDEXES section below. If the --page=PG option
              is  not  given then the Enclosure Status (or Control) dpage is assumed. May be used
              with the --join option or one of the --clear=STR, --get=STR or  --set=STR  options.
              To enumerate the available Element type abbreviations use the --enumerate option.

       -i, --inner-hex
              the  outer  levels  of a status dpage are decoded and printed out but the innermost
              level (e.g. the Element Status Descriptor) is output in hex. Also active  with  the
              Additional  Element  Status  and  Threshold In dpages. Can be used with an indexing
              option and/or --join options.

       -j, --join
              group elements from the Element Descriptor, Enclosure Status and Additional Element
              Status  dpages.  If  this option is given twice then elements from the Threshold In
              dpage are also grouped. The order is dictated by the Configuration dpage.
              There can be a bewildering amount of information in the "join" output. The  default
              is  to  output  everything. Several additional options are provided to cut down the
              amount displayed. If the indexing options is given, only the matching elements  and
              their  associated  fields are output. The --filter option (see its description) can
              be added to reduce the amount of output.  Also "--page=aes" (or "-p  0xa")  can  be
              added  to  suppress the output of rows that don't have a "aes" dpage component. See
              the INDEXES and DESCRIPTOR NAME, DEVICE SLOT NUMBER AND SAS ADDRESS sections below.

       -l, --list
              This option is equivalent to --enumerate. See that option.

       -M, --mask
              When modifying elements, the default action  is  a  read  (status  element),  mask,
              modify  (based on --clear=STR or --set=STR) then write back as the control element.
              The mask step is new in sg_ses version 1.98 and is based on what is allowable  (and
              in  the  same  location) in draft SES-3 revision 6. Those masks may evolve, as they
              have in the past. This option re-instates the previous logic which  was  to  ignore
              the mask step. The default action (i.e. without this option) is to perform the mask
              step in the read-mask-modify-write sequence.

       -m, --maxlen=LEN
              LEN is placed in the ALLOCATION LENGTH field of the SCSI RECEIVE DIAGNOSTIC RESULTS
              commands sent by the utility. It represents the maximum size of data the SES device
              can return (in bytes). It cannot exceed 65535 and defaults to 65532  (bytes).  Some
              systems  may  not permit such large sizes hence the need for this option. If LEN is
              less than 0 or greater than 65535 then an error is generated. If LEN is 0 then  the
              default  value  is  used,  otherwise if it is less than 4 then it is ignored (and a
              warning is sent to stderr).

       -n, --nickname=SEN
              where SEN is the new Subenclosure Nickname. Only the first 32 characters (bytes) of
              SEN  are  used,  if  more  are given they are ignored. See the SETTING SUBENCLOSURE
              NICKNAME section below.

       -N, --nickid=SEID
              where SEID is the Subenclosure identifier that  the  new  Nickname  (SEN)  will  be
              applied  to. So SEID must be an existing Subenclosure identifier. The default value
              is 0 which is the main enclosure.

       -p, --page=PG
              where PG is a dpage abbreviation or code (a number). If PG starts with a  digit  it
              is  assumed to be in decimal unless prefixed by 0x for hex. Valid range is 0 to 255
              (0x0 to 0xff) inclusive.  Default  is  dpage  'sdp'  which  is  page_code  0  (i.e.
              "Supported Diagnostic Pages") if no other options are given.
              Page code 0xff or abbreviation "all" is not a real dpage (as the highest real dpage
              is 0x3f) but instead causes all dpages whose page  code  is  0x2f  or  less  to  be
              output.  This  can  be used with either the -HHHH or -rr to send either hexadecimal
              ASCII or binary respectively to stdout.
              To list the available dpage abbreviations give "xxx" for PG; the  same  information
              can also be found with the --enumerate option.

       -q, --quiet
              this  suppresses the number of warnings and messages output. The exit status of the
              utility is unaffected by this option.

       -r, --raw
              outputs the chosen status dpage in ASCII hex in  a  format  suitable  for  a  later
              invocation  using the --data= option. A dpage less its first 4 bytes (page code and
              length) is output. When used twice (e.g. -rr) the full dpage contents is output  in
              binary to stdout.
              when  -rr is used together with the --data=- or --data=@FN then stdin or file FN is
              decoded as a binary stream that continues to be read until an end  of  file  (EOF).
              Once  that  data is read then the internal raw option is cleared to 0 so the output
              is not effected. So the -rr option either  changes  how  the  input  or  output  is
              treated, but not both.

       -R, --readonly
              open the DEVICE read-only (e.g. in Unix with the O_RDONLY flag).  The default is to
              open it read-write.

       -A, --sas-addr=SA
              this is an indexing method for SAS end devices (e.g. SAS disks). The  utility  will
              try  to  find  the element or slot in the Additional Element Status dpage whose SAS
              address matches SA. For a SAS disk or tape that SAS  address  is  its  target  port
              identifier  for  the  port  connected  to that element or slot.  Most SAS disks and
              tapes have two such target ports, usually numbered consecutively.
              SATA  devices  in  a  SAS  enclosure  often  receive  "manufactured"  target   port
              identifiers  from  a  SAS expander; typically will have a SAS address close to, but
              different from, the SAS address of the expander itself. Note that this manufactured
              target port identifier is different from a SATA disk's WWN.
              SA  is a hex number that is up to 8 digits long. It may have a leading '0x' or '0X'
              or a trailing 'h' or 'H'. This option is a medium level
               indexing alternative to the low level --index= options.  See the DESCRIPTOR  NAME,
              DEVICE SLOT NUMBER AND SAS ADDRESS section below.

       -S, --set=STR
              Used to set an element field in the Enclosure Control or Threshold Out dpage.  Must
              be used together with an indexing option to specify which element is to be changed.
              The  Enclosure  Control  dpage is assumed if the --page=PG option is not given. See
              the STR FORMAT and CLEAR, GET, SET sections below.

       -s, --status
              will fetch dpage from the DEVICE via a SCSI RECEIVE DIAGNOSTIC RESULTS command  (or
              from  --data=@FN).  In  the  absence  of other options that imply modifying a dpage
              (e.g.  --control or --set=STR) then --status is assumed, except  when  the  --data=
              option  is  given.   When  the  --data= option is given there is no default action:
              either the --control or this option must be given to distinguish  between  the  two
              different ways that data will be treated.

       -v, --verbose
              increase  the  level of verbosity. For example when this option is given four times
              (in which case the short form is more convenient: '-vvvv')  then  if  the  internal
              join  array  has  been generated then it is output to stderr in a form suitable for
              debugging.

       -V, --version
              print the version string and then exit.

       -w, --warn
              warn about certain irregularities with warnings sent  to  stderr.  The  join  is  a
              complex   operation   that   relies  on  information  from  several  dpages  to  be
              synchronized. The quality of SES devices vary and to be fair, the descriptions from
              T10  drafts  and standards have been tweaked several times (see the EIIOE field) in
              order to clear up confusion.

INDEXES

       An enclosure can have information about its disk and tape  drives  plus  other  supporting
       components  like  power  supplies  spread  across  several  dpages.  Addressing a specific
       element (overall or individual) within a dpage is complicated. This section describes  low
       level  indexing  (i.e.  choosing  a single element (or a group of related elements) from a
       large number of elements). If available,  the  medium  level  indexing  described  in  the
       following  section  (DESCRIPTOR NAME, DEVICE SLOT NUMBER AND SAS ADDRESS) might be simpler
       to use.

       The Configuration dpage is key to  low  level  indexing:  it  contains  a  list  of  "type
       headers",  each of which contains an Element type (e.g. Array Device Slot), a Subenclosure
       identifier  (0  for  the  primary  enclosure)  and  a  "Number  of   possible   elements".
       Corresponding  to  each  type header, the Enclosure Status dpage has one "overall" element
       plus "Number of possible elements" individual elements all of which have the given Element
       type.  For some Element types the "Number of possible elements" will be 0 so the Enclosure
       Status dpage has only one "overall" element corresponding to that type header. The Element
       Descriptor  dpage  and  the  Threshold  (In and Out) dpages follow the same pattern as the
       Enclosure Status dpage.

       The numeric index corresponding to the overall element is "-1". If the Configuration dpage
       indicates  a  particular  element  type  has "n" elements and n is greater than 0 then its
       indexes range from 0 to n-1 .

       The Additional Element Status dpage is a bit more complicated. It has entries for  "Number
       of  possible elements" of certain Element types. It does not have entries corresponding to
       the "overall" elements. To make the correspondence a little  clearer  each  descriptor  in
       this  dpage  optionally contains an "Element Index Present" (EIP) indicator. If EIP is set
       then each element's "Element Index" field refers to  the  position  of  the  corresponding
       element in the Enclosure Status dpage.

       Addressing  a  single  overall  element  or  a  single individual element is done with two
       indexes: TI and II. Both are origin 0. TI=0 corresponds to the  first  type  header  entry
       which  must  be  a  Device  Slot or Array Device Slot Element type (according to the SES-2
       standard). To address the corresponding overall instance, II is set to  -1,  otherwise  II
       can  be  set  to the individual instance index. As an alternative to the type header index
       (TI), an Element type abbreviation (A) optionally followed by a number (e.g.  "ps"  refers
       to the first Power Supply Element type; "ps1" refers to the second) can be given.

       One of two command lines variants can be used to specify indexes: --index=TIA,II where TIA
       is either an type header index (TI) or an Element type  abbreviation  (A)  (e.g.  "ps"  or
       "ps1").  II  is  either  an  individual  index or "-1" to specify the overall element. The
       second variant is --index=IIA where IIA is either an individual index (II) or  an  Element
       type  abbreviation  (A).  When IIA is an individual index then the option is equivalent to
       --index=0,II. When IIA is an Element type abbreviation then the option  is  equivalent  to
       --index=A,-1.

       Wherever  an  individual  index  is  applicable, it can be replaced by an individual index
       range. It has the form: <first_ii>-<last_ii>. For example: '3-5'  will  select  individual
       indexes 3, 4 and 5 .

       To  cope  with vendor specific Element types (which should be in the range 128 to 255) the
       Element type can be given as a number with a leading underscore.  For  example  these  are
       equivalent:  --index=arr and --index=_23 since the Array Device Slot Element type value is
       23.  Also --index=ps1 and --index=_2_1 are equivalent.

       Another example: if the first type header in the Configuration dpage has has Array  Device
       Slot  Element  type  then --index=0,-1 is equivalent to --index=arr. Also --index=arr,3 is
       equivalent to --index=3.

       The --index= options  can be used to reduce the amount of output (e.g.  only  showing  the
       element  associated  with the second 12 volt power supply). They may also be used together
       with with the --clear=STR, --get=STR and --set=STR options which are described in the  STR
       section below.

DESCRIPTOR NAME, DEVICE SLOT NUMBER AND SAS ADDRESS

       The  three  options:  --descriptor=DES,  --dev-slot-num=SN  and --sas-addr=SA allow medium
       level indexing, as an alternative to the low level --index= options. Only one of the three
       options  can be used in an invocation. Each of the three options implicitly set the --join
       option since they need either the Element  Descriptor  dpage  or  the  Additional  Element
       Status dpage as well as the dpages needed by the --index= option.

       These  medium  level indexing options need support from the SES device and that support is
       optional. For example the --descriptor=DES needs the Element Descriptor dpage provided  by
       the  SES  device  however  that is optional. Also the provided descriptor names need to be
       useful, and having descriptor names which are all  "0"  is  not  very  useful.  Also  some
       elements (e.g. overall elements) may not have descriptor names.

       These  medium level indexing options can be used to reduce the amount of output (e.g. only
       showing the elements related to device slot number 3).  They may  also  be  used  together
       with  with  the  --clear=STR,  --get=STR  and --set=STR options which are described in the
       following section. Note that even if a field can be set (e.g. "do not remove"  (dnr))  and
       that  field  can  be  read  back with --get=STR confirming that change, the disk array may
       still ignore it (e.g. because it does not have the mechanism to lock the disk drawer).

STR FORMAT

       The STR operands of the --clear=STR, --get=STR and --set=STR options  all  have  the  same
       structure. There are two forms:
             <acronym>[=<value>]
             <start_byte>:<start_bit>[:<num_bits>][=<value>]

       The  <acronym>  is  one  of  a  list  of common fields (e.g. "ident" and "fault") that the
       utility converts internally into the second form. The <start_byte> is usually in the range
       0  to  3,  the  <start_bit>  must be in the range 0 to 7 and the <num_bits> must be in the
       range 1 to 64 (default 1). The number of bits are read in the left to right sense  of  the
       element  tables shown in the various SES draft documents. For example the 8 bits of byte 2
       would be represented as 2:7:8 with the most  significant  bit  being  2:7  and  the  least
       significant bit being 2:0 .

       The  <value>  is  optional  but  is  ignored  if provided to --get=STR.  For --set=STR the
       default <value> is 1 while for --clear=STR the default value is 0 . <value> is assumed  to
       be decimal, hexadecimal values can be given in the normal fashion.

       The  supported  list of <acronym>s can be viewed by using the --enumerate option twice (or
       "-ee").

CLEAR, GET, SET

       The --clear=STR, --get=STR and --set=STR options can be used up to 8  times  in  the  same
       invocation. Any <acronym>s used in the STR operands must refer to the same dpage.

       When  multiple  of  these  options are used (maximum: 8), they are applied in the order in
       which they appear on the command line. So if options contradict each other, the  last  one
       appearing  on  the  command line will be enforced. When there are multiple --clear=STR and
       --set=STR options, then the dpage they refer to is only written after the last one.

DATA SUPPLIED

       This section describes the two scenarios that can occur when the --data= option is  given.
       These scenarios are the same irrespective of whether the argument to the --data= option is
       a string of hex bytes on the command line, stdin (indicated by --data=-) or names  a  file
       (e.g. --data=@thresh_in_dpage.hex).

       The  first scenario is flagged by the --control option. It uses the supplied data to build
       a 'control' dpage that will be sent to the DEVICE using  the  SCSI  SCSI  SEND  DIAGNOSTIC
       command.  The  supplied dpage data should not include its first 4 bytes. Those 4 bytes are
       added by this utility using the --page=PG option with PG placed  at  byte  offset  0).  If
       needed,  the  --byte1=B1 option sets byte offset 1, else 0 is placed in that position. The
       number of bytes decoded from the data provided (i.e. its length) goes into byte offsets  2
       and 3.

       The  second  scenario  is  flagged  by  the  --status option. It decodes the supplied data
       assuming that it represents the response to one or more SCSI  RECEIVE  DIAGNOSTIC  RESULTS
       commands.  Those responses have typically been captured from some earlier invocation(s) of
       this utility. Those earlier invocations could use the '-HHH' or '-HHHH'  option  and  file
       redirection  to  capture  that  response (or responses) in hexadecimal. The supplied dpage
       response data is decoded according to the other command  line  options.  For  example  the
       --join  option  could  be  given  and  that  would  require  the data from multiple dpages
       typically:  Configuration, Enclosure status, Element  descriptor  and  Additional  element
       status  dpages.  If  in doubt use --page=all in the capture phase; having more dpages than
       needed is not a problem.

       By default the user supplied data is assumed to be ASCII hexadecimal in lines  that  don't
       exceed  512 characters. Anything on a line from and including a hash mark ('#') to the end
       of line is ignored. An end of line can be a LF or CR,LF and blank lines are ignored.  Each
       separated pair (or single) hexadecimal digits represent a byte (and neither a leading '0x'
       nor a trailing 'h' should be given). Separators are either space, tab,  comma  or  end  of
       line.

       Alternatively  binary  can  be  used  and  this  is  flagged  by  the  '-rr'  option.  The
       --data=H,H... form cannot use binary values for the  'H's,  only  ASCII  hexadecimal.  The
       other  two  forms  (--data=-  and  --data=@FN) may contain binary data. Note that when the
       '-rr' option is used with --data=@FN that it only changes the interpretation of the  input
       data, it does not change the decoding and output representation.

CHANGING STATE

       This  utility  has  various  techniques  for changing the state of a SES device.  As noted
       above this is typically a read-modify-write type operation.  Most modifiable dpages have a
       "status"  (or  "in") page that can be read, and a corresponding "control" (or "out") dpage
       that can be written back to change the state of the enclosure.

       The lower level technique provided by this utility involves outputting a "status" dpage in
       hex  with  --raw.  Then  a  text  editor  can  be used to edit the hex (note: to change an
       Enclosure Control descriptor the SELECT bit needs to be set). Next the control dpage  data
       can  fed  back  with  the  --data=H,H...  option  together  with the --control option; the
       --byte1=B1 option may need to be given as well.

       Changes to the Enclosure Control dpage (and the Threshold Out dpage)  can  be  done  at  a
       higher  level.  This  involves choosing a dpage (the default in this case is the Enclosure
       Control dpage). Next choose an individual or overall element index (or name  it  with  its
       Element  Descriptor string). Then give the element's name (e.g. "ident" for RQST IDENT) or
       its position within that element (e.g. in an Array Device Slot Control element RQST  IDENT
       is byte 2, bit 1 and 1 bit long ("2:1:1")). Finally a value can be given, if not the value
       for --set=STR defaults to 1 and for --clear=STR defaults to 0.

SETTING SUBENCLOSURE NICKNAME

       The format of the Subenclosure Nickname control dpage is different from its  corresponding
       status  dpage.  The  status  dpage  reports  all  Subenclosure Nicknames (and Subenclosure
       identifier 0 is the main enclosure) while the control dpage allows only one of them to  be
       changed.  Therefore using the --data option technique to change a Subenclosure nickname is
       difficult (but still possible).

       To simplify changing a Subenclosure nickname the --nickname=SEN and --nickid=SEID  options
       have  been  added.  If  the  SEN string contains spaces or other punctuation, it should be
       quoted: surrounded by single or double quotes (or the offending  characters  escaped).  If
       the  --nickid=SEID is not given then a Subenclosure identifier of 0 is assumed. As a guard
       the --control option must also be given.  If  the  --page=PG  option  is  not  given  then
       --page=snic is assumed.

       When --nickname=SEN is given then the Subenclosure Nickname Status dpage is read to obtain
       the Generation Code field. That Generation Code together with no more than 32  bytes  from
       the  Nickname (SEN) and the Subenclosure Identifier (SEID) are written to the Subenclosure
       Nickname Control dpage.

       There is an example of changing a nickname in the EXAMPLES section below.

NVME ENCLOSURES

       Support has been added to sg_ses (actually, its underlying library) for NVMe  (also  known
       as NVM Express) Enclosures. It can be considered experimental in sg3_utils package version
       1.43 and sg_ses version 2.34 .

       This support is based on a  decision  by  NVME-MI  (Management  Interface)  developers  to
       support  the  SES-3  standard.  This  was  facilitated  by adding NVME-MI SES Send and SES
       Receive commands that tunnel dpage contents as used by SES.

NOTES

       This utility can be used to fetch arbitrary (i.e. non SES) dpages  (using  the  SCSI  READ
       DIAGNOSTIC  command).  To  this  end the --page=PG and --hex options would be appropriate.
       Non-SES dpages can be sent to a device with the sg_senddiag utility.

       The most troublesome part of the join operation is associating Additional  Element  Status
       descriptors  correctly.  At  least  one  SES  device  vendor  has misinterpreted the SES-2
       standard, specifically with its "element index" field interpretation.  The  code  in  this
       utility  interprets the "element index" field as per the SES-2 standard and if that yields
       an  inappropriate  Element  type,  adjusts  its   indexing   to   follow   that   vendor's
       misinterpretation.  The  SES-3  drafts  have  introduced the EIIOE (Element Index Includes
       Overall Elements) bit which later became a 2 bit field to resolve this ambiguity. See  the
       --eiioe=A_F option.

       In  draft  SES-3 revision 5 the "Door Lock" element name was changed to the "Door" (and an
       OPEN field was added to the status element). As a consequence the former 'dl' element type
       abbreviation has been changed to 'do'.

       There  is a related command set called SAF-TE (SCSI attached fault-tolerant enclosure) for
       enclosure (including RAID) status and control. SCSI devices  that  support  SAF-TE  report
       "Processor"  peripheral  device  type  (0x3)  in  their INQUIRY response. See the sg_safte
       utility in this package or the safte-monitor utility on the Internet.

       The internal join array is  statically  allocated  and  its  size  is  controlled  by  the
       MX_JOIN_ROWS define. Its current value is 520.

EXAMPLES

       Examples can also be found at http://sg.danny.cz/sg/sg_ses.html

       The  following  examples  use  Linux  device  names.  For  suitable  device names in other
       supported Operating Systems see the sg3_utils(8) man page.

       To view the supported dpages:

          sg_ses /dev/bsg/6:0:2:0

       To view the Configuration Diagnostic dpage:

          sg_ses --page=cf /dev/bsg/6:0:2:0

       To view the Enclosure Status dpage:

          sg_ses --page=es /dev/bsg/6:0:2:0

       To get the (attached) SAS address of that device (which is held in the Additional  Element
       Sense dpage (dpage 10)) printed on hex:

          sg_ses -p aes -D ArrayDevice07 -G at_sas_addr -H /dev/sg3

       To  collate  the  information  in  the Enclosure Status, Element Descriptor and Additional
       Element Status dpages the --join option can be used:

          sg_ses --join /dev/sg3

       This will produce a lot of output. To filter out lines that don't contain much information
       add the --filter option:

          sg_ses --join --filter /dev/sg3

       Fields  in  the  various  elements  of  the  Enclosure Control and Threshold dpages can be
       changed with the --clear=STR and --set=STR options. [All modifiable dpages can be  changed
       with  the  --raw  and  --data=H,H...  options.]  The following example looks at making the
       "ident" LED (also called "locate") flash on "ArrayDevice07"  which  is  a  disk  (or  more
       precisely the carrier drawer the disk is in):

          sg_ses --index=7 --set=2:1:1 /dev/sg3

       If  the  Element  Descriptor diagnostic dpage shows that "ArrayDevice07" is the descriptor
       name associated with element index 7 then this invocation is equivalent  to  the  previous
       one:

          sg_ses --descriptor=ArrayDevice07 --set=2:1:1 /dev/sg3

       Further  the  byte  2, bit 1 (for 1 bit) field in the Array Device Slot Control element is
       RQST IDENT for asking a disk carrier to flash a LED so it can be  located.  In  this  case
       "ident" (or "locate") is accepted as an acronym for that field:

          sg_ses --descriptor=ArrayDevice07 --set=ident /dev/sg3

       To stop that LED flashing:

          sg_ses --dev-slot-num=7 --clear=ident /dev/sg3

       The above assumes the descriptor name 'ArrayDevice07' corresponds to device slot number 7.

       Now  for  an example of a more general but lower level technique for changing a modifiable
       diagnostic dpage. The String (In and Out) diagnostics dpage is relatively simple (compared
       with the Enclosure Status/Control dpage). However the use of this lower level technique is
       awkward involving three steps: read, modify then write. First  check  the  current  String
       (In) dpage contents:

          sg_ses --page=str /dev/bsg/6:0:2:0

       Now  the  "read"  step.  The  following command will send the contents of the String dpage
       (from byte 4 onwards) to stdout. The output will be in ASCII hex with pairs of hex  digits
       representing  a byte, 16 pairs per line, space separated. The redirection puts stdout in a
       file called "t":

          sg_ses --page=str --raw /dev/bsg/6:0:2:0 > t

       Then with the aid of the SES-3 document (in revision 3: section 6.1.6) use your  favourite
       editor to change t. The changes can be sent to the device with:

          sg_ses --page=str --control --data=- /dev/bsg/6:0:2:0 < t

       If the above is successful, the String dpage should have been changed. To check try:

          sg_ses --page=str /dev/bsg/6:0:2:0

       To change the nickname on the main enclosure:

          sg_ses --nickname='1st enclosure' --control /dev/bsg/6:0:2:0

       To  capture  the  whole state of an enclosure (from a SES perspective) for later analysis,
       this can be done:

          sg_ses --page=all -HHHH /dev/sg5 > enc_sg5_all.hex

       Note that if there are errors or warnings they will be sent to stderr so they will  appear
       on  the  command  line  (since only stdout is redirected).  A text editor could be used to
       inspect enc_sg5_all.hex . If all looks in order at  some  later  time,  potentially  on  a
       different machine where enc_sg5_all.hex has been copied, a "join" could be done. Note that
       join reflects the state of the enclosure when the capture was done.

          sg_ses --data=@enc_sg5_all.hex --status --join

EXIT STATUS

       The exit status of sg_ses is 0 when it is successful. Otherwise see the  sg3_utils(8)  man
       page.

AUTHORS

       Written by Douglas Gilbert.

REPORTING BUGS

       Report bugs to <dgilbert at interlog dot com>.

COPYRIGHT

       Copyright © 2004-2018 Douglas Gilbert
       This  software  is distributed under a FreeBSD license. There is NO warranty; not even for
       MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

SEE ALSO

       sg_inq, sg_safte,  sg_senddiag,  sg_ses_microcode,  sg3_utils  (sg3_utils);  safte-monitor
       (Internet)