名称

       passwd - 密码文件

描述

       /etc/passwd contains one line for each user account, with seven fields delimited by colons (“:”). These
       fields are:

       •   登录名

       •   可选的加密后的密码

       •   数字用户 ID

       •   数字组 ID

       •   用户名和注释字段

       •   用户主目录

       •   可选的用户命令解释器

       If the password field is a lower-case “x”, then the encrypted password is actually stored in the
       shadow(5) file instead; there must be a corresponding line in the /etc/shadow file, or else the user
       account is invalid.

       The encrypted password field may be empty, in which case no password is required to authenticate as the
       specified login name. However, some applications which read the /etc/passwd file may decide not to permit
       any access at all if the password field is blank.

       A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked. The remaining
       characters on the line represent the password field before the password was locked.

       Refer to crypt(3) for details on how this string is interpreted.

       If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of crypt(3), for instance ! or *,
       the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other
       means).

       The comment field is used by various system utilities, such as finger(1).

       The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory. The login program uses this
       information to set the value of the $HOME environmental variable.

       The command interpreter field provides the name of the user's command language interpreter, or the name
       of the initial program to execute. The login program uses this information to set the value of the $SHELL
       environmental variable. If this field is empty, it defaults to the value /bin/sh.

文件

       /etc/passwd
           用户账户信息。

       /etc/shadow
           可选的加密后的密码文件

       /etc/passwd-
           /etc/passwd 的备份文件。

           注意，此文件由 shadow 工具集使用，而不是所有的用户和密码管理工具都会使用。

参见

       crypt(3), getent(1), getpwnam(3), login(1), passwd(1), pwck(8), pwconv(8), pwunconv(8), shadow(5), su(1),
       sulogin(8).