Provided by: systemd_249.11-0ubuntu3.17_amd64 
NAME
org.freedesktop.resolve1 - The D-Bus interface of systemd-resolved
INTRODUCTION
systemd-resolved.service(8) is a system service that provides hostname resolution and caching using DNS,
LLMNR, and mDNS. It also does DNSSEC validation. This page describes the resolve semantics and the D-Bus
interface.
This page contains an API reference only. If you are looking for a longer explanation how to use this
API, please consult Writing Network Configuration Managers[1] and Writing Resolver Clients[2].
THE MANAGER OBJECT
The service exposes the following interfaces on the Manager object on the bus:
node /org/freedesktop/resolve1 {
interface org.freedesktop.resolve1.Manager {
methods:
ResolveHostname(in i ifindex,
in s name,
in i family,
in t flags,
out a(iiay) addresses,
out s canonical,
out t flags);
ResolveAddress(in i ifindex,
in i family,
in ay address,
in t flags,
out a(is) names,
out t flags);
ResolveRecord(in i ifindex,
in s name,
in q class,
in q type,
in t flags,
out a(iqqay) records,
out t flags);
ResolveService(in i ifindex,
in s name,
in s type,
in s domain,
in i family,
in t flags,
out a(qqqsa(iiay)s) srv_data,
out aay txt_data,
out s canonical_name,
out s canonical_type,
out s canonical_domain,
out t flags);
GetLink(in i ifindex,
out o path);
SetLinkDNS(in i ifindex,
in a(iay) addresses);
SetLinkDNSEx(in i ifindex,
in a(iayqs) addresses);
SetLinkDomains(in i ifindex,
in a(sb) domains);
SetLinkDefaultRoute(in i ifindex,
in b enable);
SetLinkLLMNR(in i ifindex,
in s mode);
SetLinkMulticastDNS(in i ifindex,
in s mode);
SetLinkDNSOverTLS(in i ifindex,
in s mode);
SetLinkDNSSEC(in i ifindex,
in s mode);
SetLinkDNSSECNegativeTrustAnchors(in i ifindex,
in as names);
RevertLink(in i ifindex);
RegisterService(in s name,
in s name_template,
in s type,
in q service_port,
in q service_priority,
in q service_weight,
in aa{say} txt_datas,
out o service_path);
UnregisterService(in o service_path);
ResetStatistics();
FlushCaches();
ResetServerFeatures();
properties:
readonly s LLMNRHostname = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly s LLMNR = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly s MulticastDNS = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly s DNSOverTLS = '...';
readonly a(iiay) DNS = [...];
readonly a(iiayqs) DNSEx = [...];
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly a(iiay) FallbackDNS = [...];
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly a(iiayqs) FallbackDNSEx = [...];
readonly (iiay) CurrentDNSServer = ...;
readonly (iiayqs) CurrentDNSServerEx = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly a(isb) Domains = [...];
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly (tt) TransactionStatistics = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly (ttt) CacheStatistics = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly s DNSSEC = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly (tttt) DNSSECStatistics = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly b DNSSECSupported = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly as DNSSECNegativeTrustAnchors = ['...', ...];
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly s DNSStubListener = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly s ResolvConfMode = '...';
};
interface org.freedesktop.DBus.Peer { ... };
interface org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable { ... };
interface org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties { ... };
};
Methods
ResolveHostname() takes a hostname and resolves it to one or more IP addresses. As parameters it takes
the Linux network interface index to execute the query on, or 0 if it may be done on any suitable
interface. The name parameter specifies the hostname to resolve. Note that if required, IDNA conversion
is applied to this name unless it is resolved via LLMNR or MulticastDNS. The family parameter limits the
results to a specific address family. It may be AF_INET, AF_INET6 or AF_UNSPEC. If AF_UNSPEC is specified
(recommended), both kinds are retrieved, subject to local network configuration (i.e. if no local,
routable IPv6 address is found, no IPv6 address is retrieved; and similarly for IPv4). A 64-bit flags
field may be used to alter the behaviour of the resolver operation (see below). The method returns an
array of address records. Each address record consists of the interface index the address belongs to, an
address family as well as a byte array with the actual IP address data (which either has 4 or 16
elements, depending on the address family). The returned address family will be one of AF_INET or
AF_INET6. For IPv6, the returned address interface index should be used to initialize the .sin6_scope_id
field of a struct sockaddr_in6 instance to permit support for resolution to link-local IP addresses. The
address array is followed by the canonical name of the host, which may or may not be identical to the
resolved hostname. Finally, a 64-bit flags field is returned that is defined similarly to the flags field
that was passed in, but contains information about the resolved data (see below). If the hostname passed
in is an IPv4 or IPv6 address formatted as string, it is parsed, and the result is returned. In this
case, no network communication is done.
ResolveAddress() executes the reverse operation: it takes an IP address and acquires one or more
hostnames for it. As parameters it takes the interface index to execute the query on, or 0 if all
suitable interfaces are OK. The family parameter indicates the address family of the IP address to
resolve. It may be either AF_INET or AF_INET6. The address parameter takes the raw IP address data (as
either a 4 or 16 byte array). The flags input parameter may be used to alter the resolver operation (see
below). The method returns an array of name records, each consisting of an interface index and a
hostname. The flags output field contains additional information about the resolver operation (see
below).
ResolveRecord() takes a DNS resource record (RR) type, class and name, and retrieves the full resource
record set (RRset), including the RDATA, for it. As parameter it takes the Linux network interface index
to execute the query on, or 0 if it may be done on any suitable interface. The name parameter specifies
the RR domain name to look up (no IDNA conversion is applied), followed by the 16-bit class and type
fields (which may be ANY). Finally, a flags field may be passed in to alter behaviour of the look-up (see
below). On completion, an array of RR items is returned. Each array entry consists of the network
interface index the RR was discovered on, the type and class field of the RR found, and a byte array of
the raw RR discovered. The raw RR data starts with the RR's domain name, in the original casing, followed
by the RR type, class, TTL and RDATA, in the binary format documented in RFC 1035[3]. For RRs that
support name compression in the payload (such as MX or PTR), the compression is expanded in the returned
data.
Note that currently, the class field has to be specified as IN or ANY. Specifying a different class will
return an error indicating that look-ups of this kind are unsupported. Similarly, some special types are
not supported either (AXFR, OPT, ...). While systemd-resolved parses and validates resource records of
many types, it is crucial that clients using this API understand that the RR data originates from the
network and should be thoroughly validated before use.
ResolveService() may be used to resolve a DNS SRV service record, as well as the hostnames referenced in
it, and possibly an accompanying DNS-SD TXT record containing additional service metadata. The primary
benefit of using this method over ResolveRecord() specifying the SRV type is that it will resolve the SRV
and TXT RRs as well as the hostnames referenced in the SRV in a single operation. As parameters it takes
a Linux network interface index, a service name, a service type and a service domain. This method may be
invoked in three different modes:
1. To resolve a DNS-SD service, specify the service name (e.g. "Lennart's Files"), the service type
(e.g. "_webdav._tcp") and the domain to search in (e.g. "local") as the three service parameters.
The service name must be in UTF-8 format, and no IDNA conversion is applied to it in this mode (as
mandated by the DNS-SD specifications). However, if necessary, IDNA conversion is applied to the
domain parameter.
2. To resolve a plain SRV record, set the service name parameter to the empty string and set the service
type and domain properly. (IDNA conversion is applied to the domain, if necessary.)
3. Alternatively, leave both the service name and type empty and specify the full domain name of the SRV
record (i.e. prefixed with the service type) in the domain parameter. (No IDNA conversion is applied
in this mode.)
The family parameter of the ResolveService() method encodes the desired family of the addresses to
resolve (use AF_INET, AF_INET6, or AF_UNSPEC). If this is enabled (Use the NO_ADDRESS flag to turn
address resolution off, see below). The flags parameter takes a couple of flags that may be used to alter
the resolver operation.
On completion, ResolveService() returns an array of SRV record structures. Each items consisting of the
priority, weight and port fields as well as the hostname to contact, as encoded in the SRV record.
Immediately following is an array of the addresses of this hostname, with each item consisting of the
interface index, the address family and the address data in a byte array. This address array is followed
by the canonicalized hostname. After this array of SRV record structures an array of byte arrays follows
that encodes the TXT RR strings, in case DNS-SD look-ups are enabled. The next parameters are the
canonical service name, type and domain. This may or may not be identical to the parameters passed in.
Finally, a flags field is returned that contains information about the resolver operation performed.
The ResetStatistics() method resets the various statistics counters that systemd-resolved maintains to
zero. (For details, see the statistics properties below.)
The GetLink() method takes a network interface index and returns the object path to the
org.freedesktop.resolve1.Link object corresponding to it.
The SetLinkDNS() method sets the DNS servers to use on a specific interface. This method (and the
following ones) may be used by network management software to configure per-interface DNS settings. It
takes a network interface index as well as an array of DNS server IP address records. Each array item
consists of an address family (either AF_INET or AF_INET6), followed by a 4-byte or 16-byte array with
the raw address data. This method is a one-step shortcut for retrieving the Link object for a network
interface using GetLink() (see above) and then invoking the SetDNS() method (see below) on it.
SetLinkDNSEx() is similar to SetLinkDNS(), but allows an IP port (instead of the default 53) and DNS name
to be specified for each DNS server. The server name is used for Server Name Indication (SNI), which is
useful when DNS-over-TLS is used. C.f. DNS= in resolved.conf(5).
SetLinkDefaultRoute() specifies whether the link shall be used as the default route for name queries. See
the description of name routing in systemd-resolved.service(8) for details.
The SetLinkDomains() method sets the search and routing domains to use on a specific network interface
for DNS look-ups. It takes a network interface index and an array of domains, each with a boolean
parameter indicating whether the specified domain shall be used as a search domain (false), or just as a
routing domain (true). Search domains are used for qualifying single-label names into FQDN when looking
up hostnames, as well as for making routing decisions on which interface to send queries ending in the
domain to. Routing domains are only used for routing decisions and not used for single-label name
qualification. Pass the search domains in the order they should be used.
The SetLinkLLMNR() method enables or disables LLMNR support on a specific network interface. It takes a
network interface index as well as a string that may either be empty or one of "yes", "no" or "resolve".
If empty, the systemd-wide default LLMNR setting is used. If "yes", LLMNR is used for resolution of
single-label names and the local hostname is registered on all local LANs for LLMNR resolution by peers.
If "no", LLMNR is turned off fully on this interface. If "resolve", LLMNR is only enabled for resolving
names, but the local hostname is not registered for other peers to use.
Similarly, the SetLinkMulticastDNS() method enables or disables MulticastDNS support on a specific
interface. It takes the same parameters as SetLinkLLMNR() described above.
The SetLinkDNSSEC() method enables or disables DNSSEC validation on a specific network interface. It
takes a network interface index as well as a string that may either be empty or one of "yes", "no", or
"allow-downgrade". When empty, the system-wide default DNSSEC setting is used. If "yes", full DNSSEC
validation is done for all look-ups. If the selected DNS server does not support DNSSEC, look-ups will
fail if this mode is used. If "no", DNSSEC validation is fully disabled. If "allow-downgrade", DNSSEC
validation is enabled, but is turned off automatically if the selected server does not support it (thus
opening up behaviour to downgrade attacks). Note that DNSSEC only applies to traditional DNS, not to
LLMNR or MulticastDNS.
The SetLinkDNSSECNegativeTrustAnchors() method may be used to configure DNSSEC Negative Trust Anchors
(NTAs) for a specific network interface. It takes a network interface index and a list of domains as
arguments.
The SetLinkDNSOverTLS() method enables or disables DNS-over-TLS. C.f. DNSOverTLS= in systemd-
resolved.service(8) for details.
Network management software integrating with systemd-resolved should call SetLinkDNS() or SetLinkDNSEx(),
SetLinkDefaultRoute(), SetLinkDomains() and others after the interface appeared in the kernel (and thus
after a network interface index has been assigned), but before the network interfaces is activated
(IFF_UP set) so that all settings take effect during the full time the network interface is up. It is
safe to alter settings while the interface is up, however. Use RevertLink() (described below) to reset
all per-interface settings.
The RevertLink() method may be used to revert all per-link settings described above to the defaults.
The Flags Parameter
The four methods above accept and return a 64-bit flags value. In most cases passing 0 is sufficient
and recommended. However, the following flags are defined to alter the look-up:
#define SD_RESOLVED_DNS (UINT64_C(1) << 0)
#define SD_RESOLVED_LLMNR_IPV4 (UINT64_C(1) << 1)
#define SD_RESOLVED_LLMNR_IPV6 (UINT64_C(1) << 2)
#define SD_RESOLVED_MDNS_IPV4 (UINT64_C(1) << 3)
#define SD_RESOLVED_MDNS_IPV6 (UINT64_C(1) << 4)
#define SD_RESOLVED_NO_CNAME (UINT64_C(1) << 5)
#define SD_RESOLVED_NO_TXT (UINT64_C(1) << 6)
#define SD_RESOLVED_NO_ADDRESS (UINT64_C(1) << 7)
#define SD_RESOLVED_NO_SEARCH (UINT64_C(1) << 8)
#define SD_RESOLVED_AUTHENTICATED (UINT64_C(1) << 9)
#define SD_RESOLVED_NO_VALIDATE (UINT64_C(1) << 10)
#define SD_RESOLVED_NO_SYNTHESIZE (UINT64_C(1) << 11)
#define SD_RESOLVED_NO_CACHE (UINT64_C(1) << 12)
#define SD_RESOLVED_NO_ZONE (UINT64_C(1) << 13)
#define SD_RESOLVED_NO_TRUST_ANCHOR (UINT64_C(1) << 14)
#define SD_RESOLVED_NO_NETWORK (UINT64_C(1) << 15)
#define SD_RESOLVED_REQUIRE_PRIMARY (UINT64_C(1) << 16)
#define SD_RESOLVED_CLAMP_TTL (UINT64_C(1) << 17)
#define SD_RESOLVED_CONFIDENTIAL (UINT64_C(1) << 18)
#define SD_RESOLVED_SYNTHETIC (UINT64_C(1) << 19)
#define SD_RESOLVED_FROM_CACHE (UINT64_C(1) << 20)
#define SD_RESOLVED_FROM_ZONE (UINT64_C(1) << 21)
#define SD_RESOLVED_FROM_TRUST_ANCHOR (UINT64_C(1) << 22)
#define SD_RESOLVED_FROM_NETWORK (UINT64_C(1) << 23)
On input, the first five flags control the protocols to use for the look-up. They refer to classic
unicast DNS, LLMNR via IPv4/UDP and IPv6/UDP respectively, as well as MulticastDNS via IPv4/UDP and
IPv6/UDP. If all of these five bits are off on input (which is strongly recommended) the look-up will
be done via all suitable protocols for the specific look-up. Note that these flags operate as filter
only, but cannot force a look-up to be done via a protocol. Specifically, systemd-resolved will only
route look-ups within the .local TLD to MulticastDNS (plus some reverse look-up address domains), and
single-label names to LLMNR (plus some reverse address lookup domains). It will route neither of
these to Unicast DNS servers. Also, it will do LLMNR and Multicast DNS only on interfaces suitable
for multicast.
On output, these five flags indicate which protocol was used to execute the operation, and hence
where the data was found.
The primary use cases for these five flags are follow-up look-ups based on DNS data retrieved
earlier. In this case it is often a good idea to limit the follow-up look-up to the protocol that was
used to discover the first DNS result.
The NO_CNAME flag controls whether CNAME/DNAME resource records shall be followed during the look-up.
This flag is only available at input, none of the functions will return it on output. If a
CNAME/DNAME RR is discovered while resolving a hostname, an error is returned instead. By default,
when the flag is off, CNAME/DNAME RRs are followed.
The NO_TXT and NO_ADDRESS flags only influence operation of the ResolveService() method. They are
only defined for input, not output. If NO_TXT is set, the DNS-SD TXT RR look-up is not done in the
same operation. If NO_ADDRESS is set, the discovered hostnames are not implicitly translated to their
addresses.
The NO_SEARCH flag turns off the search domain logic. It is only defined for input in
ResolveHostname(). When specified, single-label hostnames are not qualified using defined search
domains, if any are configured. Note that ResolveRecord() will never qualify single-label domain
names using search domains. Also note that multi-label hostnames are never subject to search list
expansion.
The AUTHENTICATED bit is defined only in the output flags of the four functions. If set, the returned
data has been fully authenticated. Specifically, this bit is set for all DNSSEC-protected data for
which a full trust chain may be established to a trusted domain anchor. It is also set for locally
synthesized data, such as "localhost" or data from /etc/hosts. Moreover, it is set for all LLMNR or
mDNS RRs which originate from the local host. Applications that require authenticated RR data for
operation should check this flag before trusting the data. Note that systemd-resolved will never
return invalidated data, hence this flag simply allows to discern the cases where data is known to be
trusted, or where there is proof that the data is "rightfully" unauthenticated (which includes cases
where the underlying protocol or server does not support authenticating data).
NO_VALIDATE can be set to disable validation via DNSSEC even if it would normally be used.
The next four flags allow disabling certain sources during resolution. NO_SYNTHESIZE disables
synthetic records, e.g. the local host name, see section SYNTHETIC RECORDS in systemd-
resolved.service(8) for more information. NO_CACHE disables the use of the cache of previously
resolved records. NO_ZONE disables answers using locally registered public LLMNR/mDNS resource
records. NO_TRUST_ANCHOR disables answers using locally configured trust anchors. NO_NETWORK requires
all answers to be provided without using the network, i.e. either from local sources or the cache.
With REQUIRE_PRIMARY the request must be answered from a "primary" answer, i.e. not from resource
records acquired as a side-effect of a previous transaction.
With CLAMP_TTL, if reply is answered from cache, the TTLs will be adjusted by age of cache entry.
The next six bits flags are used in output and provide information about the source of the answer.
CONFIDENTIAL means the query was resolved via encrypted channels or never left this system.
FROM_SYNTHETIC means the query was (at least partially) synthesized. FROM_CACHE means the query was
answered (at least partially) using the cache. FROM_ZONE means the query was answered (at least
partially) using LLMNR/mDNS. FROM_TRUST_ANCHOR means the query was answered (at least partially)
using local trust anchors. FROM_NETWORK means the query was answered (at least partially) using the
network.
Properties
The LLMNR and MulticastDNS properties report whether LLMNR and MulticastDNS are (globally) enabled. Each
may be one of "yes", "no", and "resolve". See SetLinkLLMNR() and SetLinkMulticastDNS() above.
LLMNRHostname contains the hostname currently exposed on the network via LLMNR. It usually follows the
system hostname as may be queried via gethostname(3), but may differ if a conflict is detected on the
network.
DNS and DNSEx contain arrays of all DNS servers currently used by systemd-resolved. DNS contains
information similar to the DNS server data in /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf. Each structure in the
array consists of a numeric network interface index, an address family, and a byte array containing the
DNS server address (either 4 bytes in length for IPv4 or 16 bytes in lengths for IPv6). DNSEx is
similar, but additionally contains the IP port and server name (used for Server Name Indication, SNI).
Both arrays contain DNS servers configured system-wide, including those possibly read from a foreign
/etc/resolv.conf or the DNS= setting in /etc/systemd/resolved.conf, as well as per-interface DNS server
information either retrieved from systemd-networkd(8), or configured by external software via
SetLinkDNS() or SetLinkDNSEx() (see above). The network interface index will be 0 for the system-wide
configured services and non-zero for the per-link servers.
FallbackDNS and FallbackDNSEx contain arrays of all DNS servers configured as fallback servers, if any,
using the same format as DNS and DNSEx described above. See the description of FallbackDNS= in
resolved.conf(5) for the description of when those servers are used.
CurrentDNSServer and CurrentDNSServerEx specify the server that is currently used for query resolution,
in the same format as a single entry in the DNS and DNSEx arrays described above.
Similarly, the Domains property contains an array of all search and routing domains currently used by
systemd-resolved. Each entry consists of a network interface index (again, 0 encodes system-wide
entries), the actual domain name, and whether the entry is used only for routing (true) or for both
routing and searching (false).
The TransactionStatistics property contains information about the number of transactions systemd-resolved
has processed. It contains a pair of unsigned 64-bit counters, the first containing the number of
currently ongoing transactions, the second the number of total transactions systemd-resolved is
processing or has processed. The latter value may be reset using the ResetStatistics() method described
above. Note that the number of transactions does not directly map to the number of issued resolver bus
method calls. While simple look-ups usually require a single transaction only, more complex look-ups
might result in more, for example when CNAMEs or DNSSEC are in use.
The CacheStatistics property contains information about the executed cache operations so far. It exposes
three 64-bit counters: the first being the total number of current cache entries (both positive and
negative), the second the number of cache hits, and the third the number of cache misses. The latter
counters may be reset using ResetStatistics() (see above).
The DNSSEC property specifies current status of DNSSEC validation. It is one of "yes" (validation is
enforced), "no" (no validation is done), "allow-downgrade" (validation is done if the current DNS server
supports it). See the description of DNSSEC= in resolved.conf(5).
The DNSSECStatistics property contains information about the DNSSEC validations executed so far. It
contains four 64-bit counters: the number of secure, insecure, bogus, and indeterminate DNSSEC
validations so far. The counters are increased for each validated RRset, and each non-existance proof.
The secure counter is increased for each operation that successfully verified a signed reply, the
insecure counter is increased for each operation that successfully verified that an unsigned reply is
rightfully unsigned. The bogus counter is increased for each operation where the validation did not check
out and the data is likely to have been tempered with. Finally the indeterminate counter is increased for
each operation which did not complete because the necessary keys could not be acquired or the
cryptographic algorithms were unknown.
The DNSSECSupported boolean property reports whether DNSSEC is enabled and the selected DNS servers
support it. It combines information about system-wide and per-link DNS settings (see below), and only
reports true if DNSSEC is enabled and supported on every interface for which DNS is configured and for
the system-wide settings if there are any. Note that systemd-resolved assumes DNSSEC is supported by DNS
servers until it verifies that this is not the case. Thus, the reported value may initially be true,
until the first transactions are executed.
The DNSOverTLS boolean property reports whether DNS-over-TLS is enabled.
The ResolvConfMode property exposes how /etc/resolv.conf is managed on the host. Currently, the values
"uplink", "stub", "static" (these three correspond to the three different files systemd-resolved.service
provides), "foreign" (the file is managed by admin or another service, systemd-resolved.service just
consumes it), "missing" (/etc/resolv.conf is missing).
The DNSStubListener property reports whether the stub listener on port 53 is enabled. Possible values are
"yes" (enabled), "no" (disabled), "udp" (only the UDP listener is enabled), and "tcp" (only the TCP
listener is enabled).
LINK OBJECT
node /org/freedesktop/resolve1/link/_1 {
interface org.freedesktop.resolve1.Link {
methods:
SetDNS(in a(iay) addresses);
SetDNSEx(in a(iayqs) addresses);
SetDomains(in a(sb) domains);
SetDefaultRoute(in b enable);
SetLLMNR(in s mode);
SetMulticastDNS(in s mode);
SetDNSOverTLS(in s mode);
SetDNSSEC(in s mode);
SetDNSSECNegativeTrustAnchors(in as names);
Revert();
properties:
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly t ScopesMask = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly a(iay) DNS = [...];
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly a(iayqs) DNSEx = [...];
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly (iay) CurrentDNSServer = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly (iayqs) CurrentDNSServerEx = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly a(sb) Domains = [...];
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly b DefaultRoute = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly s LLMNR = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly s MulticastDNS = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly s DNSOverTLS = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly s DNSSEC = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly as DNSSECNegativeTrustAnchors = ['...', ...];
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly b DNSSECSupported = ...;
};
interface org.freedesktop.DBus.Peer { ... };
interface org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable { ... };
interface org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties { ... };
};
For each Linux network interface a "Link" object is created which exposes per-link DNS configuration and
state. Use GetLink() on the Manager interface to retrieve the object path for a link object given the
network interface index (see above).
Methods
The various methods exposed by the Link interface are equivalent to their similarly named counterparts on
the Manager interface. e.g. SetDNS() on the Link object maps to SetLinkDNS() on the Manager object, the
main difference being that the later expects an interface index to be specified. Invoking the methods on
the Manager interface has the benefit of reducing roundtrips, as it is not necessary to first request the
Link object path via GetLink() before invoking the methods. The same relationship holds for SetDNSEx(),
SetDomains(), SetDefaultRoute(), SetLLMNR(), SetMulticastDNS(), SetDNSOverTLS(), SetDNSSEC(),
SetDNSSECNegativeTrustAnchors(), and Revert(). For further details on these methods see the Manager
documentation above.
Properties
ScopesMask defines which resolver scopes are currently active on this interface. This 64-bit unsigned
integer field is a bit mask consisting of a subset of the bits of the flags parameter describe above.
Specifically, it may have the DNS, LLMNR and MDNS bits (the latter in IPv4 and IPv6 flavours) set. Each
individual bit is set when the protocol applies to a specific interface and is enabled for it. It is
unset otherwise. Specifically, a multicast-capable interface in the "UP" state with an IP address is
suitable for LLMNR or MulticastDNS, and any interface that is UP and has an IP address is suitable for
DNS. Note the relationship of the bits exposed here with the LLMNR and MulticastDNS properties also
exposed on the Link interface. The latter expose what is *configured* to be used on the interface, the
former expose what is actually used on the interface, taking into account the abilities of the interface.
DNSSECSupported exposes a boolean field that indicates whether DNSSEC is currently configured and in use
on the interface. Note that if DNSSEC is enabled on an interface, it is assumed available until it is
detected that the configured server does not actually support it. Thus, this property may initially
report that DNSSEC is supported on an interface.
DefaultRoute exposes a boolean field that indicates whether the interface will be used as default route
for name queries. See SetLinkDefaultRoute() above.
The other properties reflect the state of the various configuration settings for the link which may be
set with the various methods calls such as SetDNS() or SetLLMNR().
COMMON ERRORS
Many bus methods systemd-resolved exposes (in particular the resolver methods such as ResolveHostname()
on the Manager interface) may return some of the following errors:
org.freedesktop.resolve1.NoNameServers
No suitable DNS servers were found to resolve a request.
org.freedesktop.resolve1.InvalidReply
A response from the selected DNS server was not understood.
org.freedesktop.resolve1.NoSuchRR
The requested name exists, but there is no resource record of the requested type for it. (This is the
DNS NODATA case).
org.freedesktop.resolve1.CNameLoop
The look-up failed because a CNAME or DNAME loop was detected.
org.freedesktop.resolve1.Aborted
The look-up was aborted because the selected protocol became unavailable while the operation was
ongoing.
org.freedesktop.resolve1.NoSuchService
A service look-up was successful, but the SRV record reported that the service is not available.
org.freedesktop.resolve1.DnssecFailed
The acquired response did not pass DNSSEC validation.
org.freedesktop.resolve1.NoTrustAnchor
No chain of trust could be established for the response to a configured DNSSEC trust anchor.
org.freedesktop.resolve1.ResourceRecordTypeUnsupported
The requested resource record type is not supported on the selected DNS servers. This error is
generated for example when an RRSIG record is requested from a DNS server that does not support
DNSSEC.
org.freedesktop.resolve1.NoSuchLink
No network interface with the specified network interface index exists.
org.freedesktop.resolve1.LinkBusy
The requested configuration change could not be made because systemd-networkd(8), already took
possession of the interface and supplied configuration data for it.
org.freedesktop.resolve1.NetworkDown
The requested look-up failed because the system is currently not connected to any suitable network.
org.freedesktop.resolve1.DnsError.NXDOMAIN, org.freedesktop.resolve1.DnsError.REFUSED, ...
The look-up failed with a DNS return code reporting a failure. The error names used as suffixes here
are defined in by IANA in DNS RCODEs[4].
EXAMPLES
Example 1. Introspect org.freedesktop.resolve1.Manager on the bus
$ gdbus introspect --system \
--dest org.freedesktop.resolve1 \
--object-path /org/freedesktop/resolve1
Example 2. Introspect org.freedesktop.resolve1.Link on the bus
$ gdbus introspect --system \
--dest org.freedesktop.resolve1 \
--object-path /org/freedesktop/resolve1/link/_11
VERSIONING
These D-Bus interfaces follow the usual interface versioning guidelines[5].
NOTES
1. Writing Network Configuration Managers
https://wiki.freedesktop.org/www/Software/systemd/writing-network-configuration-managers
2. Writing Resolver Clients
https://wiki.freedesktop.org/www/Software/systemd/writing-resolver-clients
3. RFC 1035
https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1035.txt
4. DNS RCODEs
https://www.iana.org/assignments/dns-parameters/dns-parameters.xhtml#dns-parameters-6
5. the usual interface versioning guidelines
http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/versioning-dbus.html
systemd 249 ORG.FREEDESKTOP.RESOLVE1(5)