NAME

       kernel-command-line - Kernel command line parameters

SYNOPSIS

       /proc/cmdline

DESCRIPTION

       The kernel, the initial RAM disk (initrd) and basic userspace functionality may be configured at boot via
       kernel command line arguments. In addition, various systemd tools look at the EFI variable
       "SystemdOptions" (if available). Both sources are combined, but the kernel command line has higher
       priority. Please note that the EFI variable is only used by systemd tools, and is ignored by the kernel
       and other user space tools, so it is not a replacement for the kernel command line.

       For command line parameters understood by the kernel, please see kernel-parameters.html[1] and
       bootparam(7).

       For command line parameters understood by the initial RAM disk, please see dracut.cmdline(7), or the
       documentation of the specific initrd implementation of your installation.

CORE OS COMMAND LINE ARGUMENTS

       systemd.unit=, rd.systemd.unit=, systemd.dump_core, systemd.early_core_pattern=, systemd.crash_chvt,
       systemd.crash_shell, systemd.crash_reboot, systemd.confirm_spawn, systemd.service_watchdogs,
       systemd.show_status, systemd.status_unit_format=, systemd.log_target=, systemd.log_level=,
       systemd.log_location=, systemd.log_color, systemd.default_standard_output=,
       systemd.default_standard_error=, systemd.setenv=, systemd.machine_id=, systemd.unified_cgroup_hierarchy,
       systemd.legacy_systemd_cgroup_controller
           Parameters understood by the system and service manager to control system behavior. For details, see
           systemd(1).

       systemd.mask=, systemd.wants=, systemd.debug_shell
           Additional parameters understood by systemd-debug-generator(8), to mask or start specific units at
           boot, or invoke a debug shell on tty9.

       systemd.run=, systemd.run_success_action=, systemd.run_failure_action=
           Additional parameters understood by systemd-run-generator(8), to run a command line specified on the
           kernel command line as system service after booting up.

       systemd.early_core_pattern=
           During early boot, the generation of core dump files is disabled until a core dump handler (if any)
           takes over. This parameter allows specifying an absolute path where core dump files should be stored
           until a handler is installed. The path should be absolute and may contain specifiers, see core(5) for
           details.

       systemd.restore_state=
           This parameter is understood by several system tools to control whether or not they should restore
           system state from the previous boot. For details, see systemd-backlight@.service(8) and systemd-
           rfkill.service(8).

       systemd.volatile=
           This parameter controls whether the system shall boot up in volatile mode. Takes a boolean argument,
           or the special value "state". If false (the default), normal boot mode is selected, the root
           directory and /var/ are mounted as specified on the kernel command line or /etc/fstab, or otherwise
           configured. If true, full state-less boot mode is selected. In this case the root directory is
           mounted as volatile memory file system ("tmpfs"), and only /usr/ is mounted from the file system
           configured as root device, in read-only mode. This enables fully state-less boots were the
           vendor-supplied OS is used as shipped, with only default configuration and no stored state in effect,
           as /etc/ and /var/ (as well as all other resources shipped in the root file system) are reset at boot
           and lost on shutdown. If this setting is set to "state" the root file system is mounted read-only,
           however /var/ is mounted as a volatile memory file system ("tmpfs"), so that the system boots up with
           the normal configuration applied, but all state reset at boot and lost at shutdown. If this setting
           is set to "overlay" the root file system is set up as "overlayfs" mount combining the read-only root
           directory with a writable "tmpfs", so that no modifications are made to disk, but the file system may
           be modified nonetheless with all changes being lost at reboot. For details, see systemd-volatile-
           root.service(8) and systemd-fstab-generator(8).

       quiet
           Parameter understood by both the kernel and the system and service manager to control console log
           verbosity. For details, see systemd(1).

       debug
           Parameter understood by both the kernel and the system and service manager to control console log
           verbosity. For details, see systemd(1).

       -b, rd.emergency, emergency, rd.rescue, rescue, single, s, S, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
           Parameters understood by the system and service manager, as compatibility and convenience options.
           For details, see systemd(1).

       locale.LANG=, locale.LANGUAGE=, locale.LC_CTYPE=, locale.LC_NUMERIC=, locale.LC_TIME=,
       locale.LC_COLLATE=, locale.LC_MONETARY=, locale.LC_MESSAGES=, locale.LC_PAPER=, locale.LC_NAME=,
       locale.LC_ADDRESS=, locale.LC_TELEPHONE=, locale.LC_MEASUREMENT=, locale.LC_IDENTIFICATION=
           Parameters understood by the system and service manager to control locale and language settings. For
           details, see systemd(1).

       fsck.mode=, fsck.repair=
           Parameters understood by the file system checker services. For details, see systemd-fsck@.service(8).

       quotacheck.mode=
           Parameter understood by the file quota checker service. For details, see systemd-
           quotacheck.service(8).

       systemd.journald.forward_to_syslog=, systemd.journald.forward_to_kmsg=,
       systemd.journald.forward_to_console=, systemd.journald.forward_to_wall=
           Parameters understood by the journal service. For details, see systemd-journald.service(8).

       vconsole.keymap=, vconsole.keymap_toggle=, vconsole.font=, vconsole.font_map=, vconsole.font_unimap=
           Parameters understood by the virtual console setup logic. For details, see vconsole.conf(5).

       udev.log_level=, rd.udev.log_level=, udev.children_max=, rd.udev.children_max=, udev.exec_delay=,
       rd.udev.exec_delay=, udev.event_timeout=, rd.udev.event_timeout=, udev.timeout_signal=,
       rd.udev.timeout_signal=, udev.blockdev_read_only, rd.udev.blockdev_read_only, net.ifnames=,
       net.naming-scheme=
           Parameters understood by the device event managing daemon. For details, see systemd-udevd.service(8).

       plymouth.enable=
           May be used to disable the Plymouth boot splash. For details, see plymouth(8).

       luks=, rd.luks=, luks.crypttab=, rd.luks.crypttab=, luks.name=, rd.luks.name=, luks.uuid=, rd.luks.uuid=,
       luks.options=, rd.luks.options=, luks.key=, rd.luks.key=
           Configures the LUKS full-disk encryption logic at boot. For details, see systemd-cryptsetup-
           generator(8).

       fstab=, rd.fstab=
           Configures the /etc/fstab logic at boot. For details, see systemd-fstab-generator(8).

       root=, rootfstype=, rootflags=, ro, rw
           Configures the root file system and its file system type and mount options, as well as whether it
           shall be mounted read-only or read-write initially. For details, see systemd-fstab-generator(8).

       mount.usr=, mount.usrfstype=, mount.usrflags=
           Configures the /usr file system (if required) and its file system type and mount options. For
           details, see systemd-fstab-generator(8).

       veritytab=, rd.veritytab=, roothash=, systemd.verity=, rd.systemd.verity=, systemd.verity_root_data=,
       systemd.verity_root_hash=, systemd.verity.root_options=
           Configures the integrity protection root hash for the root file system, and other related parameters.
           For details, see systemd-veritysetup-generator(8).

       systemd.gpt_auto=, rd.systemd.gpt_auto=
           Configures whether GPT based partition auto-discovery shall be attempted. For details, see systemd-
           gpt-auto-generator(8).

       systemd.default_timeout_start_sec=
           Overwrites the default start job timeout DefaultTimeoutStartSec= at boot. For details, see systemd-
           system.conf(5).

       systemd.watchdog_device=
           Overwrites the watchdog device path WatchdogDevice=. For details, see systemd-system.conf(5).

       systemd.cpu_affinity=
           Overrides the CPU affinity mask for the service manager and the default for all child processes it
           forks. This takes precedence over CPUAffinity=, see systemd-system.conf(5) for details.

       modules_load=, rd.modules_load=
           Load a specific kernel module early at boot. For details, see systemd-modules-load.service(8).

       resume=, resumeflags=
           Enables resume from hibernation using the specified device and mount options. All fstab(5)-like paths
           are supported. For details, see systemd-hibernate-resume-generator(8).

       systemd.firstboot=
           Takes a boolean argument, defaults to on. If off, systemd-firstboot.service(8) will not query the
           user for basic system settings, even if the system boots up for the first time and the relevant
           settings are not initialized yet. Not to be confused with systemd.condition-first-boot= (see below),
           which overrides the result of the ConditionFirstBoot= unit file condition, and thus controls more
           than just systemd-firstboot.service behaviour.

       systemd.condition-needs-update=
           Takes a boolean argument. If specified, overrides the result of ConditionNeedsUpdate= unit condition
           checks. See systemd.unit(5) for details.

       systemd.condition-first-boot=
           Takes a boolean argument. If specified, overrides the result of ConditionFirstBoot= unit condition
           checks. See systemd.unit(5) for details. Not to be confused with systemd.firstboot= which only
           controls behaviour of the systemd-firstboot.service system service but has no effect on the condition
           check (see above).

       systemd.clock-usec=
           Takes a decimal, numeric timestamp in µs since January 1st 1970, 00:00am, to set the system clock to.
           The system time is set to the specified timestamp early during boot. It is not propagated to the
           hardware clock (RTC).

       systemd.random-seed=
           Takes a base64 encoded random seed value to credit with full entropy to the kernel's random pool
           during early service manager initialization. This option is useful in testing environments where
           delays due to random pool initialization in entropy starved virtual machines shall be avoided.

           Note that if this option is used the seed is accessible to unprivileged programs from /proc/cmdline.
           This option is hence a security risk when used outside of test systems, since the (possibly) only
           seed used for initialization of the kernel's entropy pool might be easily acquired by unprivileged
           programs.

           It is recommended to pass 512 bytes of randomized data (as that matches the Linux kernel pool size),
           which may be generated with a command like the following:

               dd if=/dev/urandom bs=512 count=1 status=none | base64 -w 0

           Again: do not use this option outside of testing environments, it's a security risk elsewhere, as
           secret key material derived from the entropy pool can possibly be reconstructed by unprivileged
           programs.

       systemd.hostname=
           Accepts a hostname to set during early boot. If specified takes precedence over what is set in
           /etc/hostname. Note that this does not bar later runtime changes to the hostname, it simply controls
           the initial hostname set during early boot.

SEE ALSO

       systemd(1), systemd-system.conf(5), bootparam(7), dracut.cmdline(7), systemd-debug-generator(8), systemd-
       fsck@.service(8), systemd-quotacheck.service(8), systemd-journald.service(8), systemd-vconsole-
       setup.service(8), systemd-udevd.service(8), plymouth(8), systemd-cryptsetup-generator(8), systemd-
       veritysetup-generator(8), systemd-fstab-generator(8), systemd-gpt-auto-generator(8), systemd-volatile-
       root.service(8), systemd-modules-load.service(8), systemd-backlight@.service(8), systemd-
       rfkill.service(8), systemd-hibernate-resume-generator(8), systemd-firstboot.service(8), bootctl(1)

NOTES

        1. kernel-parameters.html
           https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.html