Ubuntu Manpage: FQ - Fair Queue traffic policing

Provided by: iproute2_5.15.0-1ubuntu2_amd64

NAME

       FQ - Fair Queue traffic policing

SYNOPSIS

       tc  qdisc  ...  fq  [  limit  PACKETS  ]  [  flow_limit  PACKETS  ]  [  quantum  BYTES ] [
       initial_quantum BYTES ] [ maxrate RATE ] [ buckets NUMBER  ]  [  orphan_mask  NUMBER  ]  [
       pacing | nopacing ] [ ce_threshold TIME ]

DESCRIPTION

       FQ  (Fair  Queue)  is  a  classless  packet  scheduler meant to be mostly used for locally
       generated traffic.  It is designed to achieve per flow pacing.  FQ does  flow  separation,
       and  is  able to respect pacing requirements set by TCP stack.  All packets belonging to a
       socket are considered as a 'flow'.  For non local packets (router workload),  packet  hash
       is used as fallback.

       An  application  can specify a maximum pacing rate using the SO_MAX_PACING_RATE setsockopt
       call.  This packet scheduler adds delay between packets to respect rate limitation set  on
       each  socket.  Note that after linux-4.20, linux adopted EDT (Earliest Departure Time) and
       TCP directly sets the appropriate Departure Time for each skb.

       Dequeueing happens in a round-robin fashion.  A special FIFO queue is  reserved  for  high
       priority packets ( TC_PRIO_CONTROL priority), such packets are always dequeued first.

       FQ is non-work-conserving.

       TCP pacing is good for flows having idle times, as the congestion window permits TCP stack
       to queue a possibly large number of packets.  This removes the  'slow  start  after  idle'
       choice,  badly  hitting large BDP flows and applications delivering chunks of data such as
       video streams.

PARAMETERS

limit
Hard limit on the real queue size. When this limit is reached, new packets are dropped. If
the value is lowered, packets are dropped so that the new limit is met. Default is 10000
packets.

flow_limit
Hard limit on the maximum number of packets queued per flow. Default value is 100.

quantum
The credit per dequeue RR round, i.e. the amount of bytes a flow is allowed to dequeue at
once. A larger value means a longer time period before the next flow will be served.
Default is 2 * interface MTU bytes.

initial_quantum
The initial sending rate credit, i.e. the amount of bytes a new flow is allowed to dequeue
initially. This is specifically meant to allow using IW10 without added delay. Default
is 10 * interface MTU, i.e. 15140 for 'standard' ethernet.

maxrate
Maximum sending rate of a flow. Default is unlimited. Application specific setting via
SO_MAX_PACING_RATE is ignored only if it is larger than this value.

buckets
The size of the hash table used for flow lookups. Each bucket is assigned a red-black tree
for efficient collision sorting. Default: 1024.

orphan_mask
For packets not owned by a socket, fq is able to mask a part of skb->hash and reduce
number of buckets associated with the traffic. This is a DDOS prevention mechanism, and
the default is 1023 (meaning no more than 1024 flows are allocated for these packets)

[no]pacing
Enable or disable flow pacing. Default is enabled.

ce_threshold
sets a threshold above which all packets are marked with ECN Congestion Experienced. This
is useful for DCTCP-style congestion control algorithms that require marking at very
shallow queueing thresholds.

EXAMPLES

       #tc qdisc add dev eth0 root fq ce_threshold 4ms
       #tc -s -d qdisc show dev eth0
       qdisc fq 8001:  dev  eth0  root  refcnt  2  limit  10000p  flow_limit  100p  buckets  1024
       orphan_mask   1023   quantum   3028b  initial_quantum  15140b  low_rate_threshold  550Kbit
       refill_delay 40.0ms ce_threshold 4.0ms
        Sent 72149092 bytes 48062 pkt (dropped 2176, overlimits 0 requeues 0)
        backlog 1937920b 1280p requeues 0
         flows 34 (inactive 17 throttled 0)
         gc 0 highprio 0 throttled 0 ce_mark 47622 flows_plimit 2176

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