NAME

       ddrescue - data recovery tool

SYNOPSIS

       ddrescue [options] infile outfile [mapfile]

DESCRIPTION

       GNU  ddrescue - Data recovery tool.  Copies data from one file or block device to another,
       trying to rescue the good parts first in case of read errors.

       Always use a mapfile unless you know you won't need it. Without a mapfile, ddrescue  can't
       resume  a  rescue,  only  reinitiate  it.  NOTE: In versions of ddrescue prior to 1.20 the
       mapfile was called 'logfile'. The format is the same; only the name has changed.

       If you reboot, check the device names before restarting ddrescue.  Don't use options  '-F'
       or '-G' without reading the manual first.

OPTIONS

       -h, --help
              display this help and exit

       -V, --version
              output version information and exit

       -a, --min-read-rate=<bytes>
              minimum read rate of good areas in bytes/s

       -A, --try-again
              mark non-trimmed, non-scraped as non-tried

       -b, --sector-size=<bytes>
              sector size of input device [default 512]

       -B, --binary-prefixes
              show binary multipliers in numbers [SI]

       -c, --cluster-size=<sectors>
              sectors to copy at a time [128]

       -C, --complete-only
              don't read new data beyond mapfile limits

       -d, --idirect
              use direct disc access for input file

       -D, --odirect
              use direct disc access for output file

       -e, --max-bad-areas=[+]<n>
              maximum number of [new] bad areas allowed

       -E, --max-error-rate=<bytes>
              maximum allowed rate of read errors per second

       -f, --force
              overwrite output device or partition

       -F, --fill-mode=<types>
              fill blocks of given types with data (?*/-+l)

       -G, --generate-mode
              generate approximate mapfile from partial copy

       -H, --test-mode=<file>
              set map of good/bad blocks from given mapfile

       -i, --input-position=<bytes>
              starting position of domain in input file [0]

       -I, --verify-input-size
              verify input file size with size in mapfile

       -J, --verify-on-error
              reread latest good sector after every error

       -K, --skip-size=[<i>][,<max>]
              initial,maximum size to skip on read error

       -L, --loose-domain
              accept an incomplete domain mapfile

       -m, --domain-mapfile=<file>
              restrict domain to finished blocks in <file>

       -M, --retrim
              mark all failed blocks as non-trimmed

       -n, --no-scrape
              skip the scraping phase

       -N, --no-trim
              skip the trimming phase

       -o, --output-position=<bytes>
              starting position in output file [ipos]

       -O, --reopen-on-error
              reopen input file after every read error

       -p, --preallocate
              preallocate space on disc for output file

       -P, --data-preview[=<lines>]
              show some lines of the latest data read [3]

       -q, --quiet
              suppress all messages

       -r, --retry-passes=<n>
              exit after <n> retry passes (-1=infinity) [0]

       -R, --reverse
              reverse the direction of all passes

       -s, --size=<bytes>
              maximum size of input data to be copied

       -S, --sparse
              use sparse writes for output file

       -t, --truncate
              truncate output file to zero size

       -T, --timeout=<interval>
              maximum time since last successful read

       -u, --unidirectional
              run all passes in the same direction

       -v, --verbose
              be verbose (a 2nd -v gives more)

       -w, --ignore-write-errors
              make fill mode ignore write errors

       -x, --extend-outfile=<bytes>
              extend outfile size to be at least this long

       -X, --max-read-errors=<n>
              maximum number of read errors allowed

       -y, --synchronous
              use synchronous writes for output file

       -Z, --max-read-rate=<bytes>
              maximum read rate in bytes/s

       --ask  ask for confirmation before starting the copy

       --cpass=<n>[,<n>]
              select what copying pass(es) to run

       --delay-slow=<interval>
              initial delay before checking slow reads [30]

       --log-events=<file>
              log significant events in <file>

       --log-rates=<file>
              log rates and error sizes in <file>

       --log-reads=<file>
              log all read operations in <file>

       --mapfile-interval=[i][,i]
              save/sync mapfile at given interval [auto]

       --max-slow-reads=<n>
              maximum number of slow reads allowed

       --pause-on-error=<interval>
              time to wait after each read error [0]

       --pause-on-pass=<interval>
              time to wait between passes [0]

       --reset-slow
              reset slow reads if rate rises above min

       --same-file
              allow infile and outfile to be the same file

       Numbers  may be in decimal, hexadecimal or octal, and may be followed by a multiplier: s =
       sectors, k = 1000, Ki = 1024, M = 10^6, Mi = 2^20, etc...  Time intervals have the  format
       1[.5][smhd] or 1/2[smhd].

       Exit  status:  0  for a normal exit, 1 for environmental problems (file not found, invalid
       flags, I/O errors, etc), 2 to indicate a corrupt or invalid input file, 3 for an  internal
       consistency error (eg, bug) which caused ddrescue to panic.

REPORTING BUGS

       Report bugs to bug-ddrescue@gnu.org
       Ddrescue home page: http://www.gnu.org/software/ddrescue/ddrescue.html
       General help using GNU software: http://www.gnu.org/gethelp

COPYRIGHT

       Copyright  ©  2018  Antonio  Diaz  Diaz.   License  GPLv2+:  GNU  GPL  version  2 or later
       <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
       This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.  There is NO  WARRANTY,
       to the extent permitted by law.

SEE ALSO

       The  full  documentation  for ddrescue is maintained as a Texinfo manual.  If the info and
       ddrescue programs are properly installed at your site, the command

              info ddrescue

       should give you access to the complete manual.