Provided by: npm_8.5.1~ds-1_all 
NAME
npm-exec - Run a command from a local or remote npm package
Synopsis
npm exec -- <pkg>[@<version>] [args...]
npm exec --package=<pkg>[@<version>] -- <cmd> [args...]
npm exec -c '<cmd> [args...]'
npm exec --package=foo -c '<cmd> [args...]'
npm exec [--ws] [-w <workspace-name] [args...]
npx <pkg>[@<specifier>] [args...]
npx -p <pkg>[@<specifier>] <cmd> [args...]
npx -c '<cmd> [args...]'
npx -p <pkg>[@<specifier>] -c '<cmd> [args...]'
Run without --call or positional args to open interactive subshell
alias: npm x, npx
common options:
--package=<pkg> (may be specified multiple times)
-p is a shorthand for --package only when using npx executable
-c <cmd> --call=<cmd> (may not be mixed with positional arguments)
Description
This command allows you to run an arbitrary command from an npm package (either one
installed locally, or fetched remotely), in a similar context as running it via npm run.
Run without positional arguments or --call, this allows you to interactively run commands
in the same sort of shell environment that package.json scripts are run. Interactive mode
is not supported in CI environments when standard input is a TTY, to prevent hangs.
Whatever packages are specified by the --package option will be provided in the PATH of
the executed command, along with any locally installed package executables. The --package
option may be specified multiple times, to execute the supplied command in an environment
where all specified packages are available.
If any requested packages are not present in the local project dependencies, then they are
installed to a folder in the npm cache, which is added to the PATH environment variable in
the executed process. A prompt is printed (which can be suppressed by providing either
--yes or --no).
Package names provided without a specifier will be matched with whatever version exists in
the local project. Package names with a specifier will only be considered a match if they
have the exact same name and version as the local dependency.
If no -c or --call option is provided, then the positional arguments are used to generate
the command string. If no --package options are provided, then npm will attempt to
determine the executable name from the package specifier provided as the first positional
argument according to the following heuristic:
• If the package has a single entry in its bin field in package.json, or if all entries
are aliases of the same command, then that command will be used.
• If the package has multiple bin entries, and one of them matches the unscoped portion of
the name field, then that command will be used.
• If this does not result in exactly one option (either because there are no bin entries,
or none of them match the name of the package), then npm exec exits with an error.
To run a binary other than the named binary, specify one or more --package options, which
will prevent npm from inferring the package from the first command argument.
npx vs npm exec
When run via the npx binary, all flags and options must be set prior to any positional
arguments. When run via npm exec, a double-hyphen -- flag can be used to suppress npm's
parsing of switches and options that should be sent to the executed command.
For example:
$ npx foo@latest bar --package=@npmcli/foo
In this case, npm will resolve the foo package name, and run the following command:
$ foo bar --package=@npmcli/foo
Since the --package option comes after the positional arguments, it is treated as an
argument to the executed command.
In contrast, due to npm's argument parsing logic, running this command is different:
$ npm exec foo@latest bar --package=@npmcli/foo
In this case, npm will parse the --package option first, resolving the @npmcli/foo
package. Then, it will execute the following command in that context:
$ foo@latest bar
The double-hyphen character is recommended to explicitly tell npm to stop parsing command
line options and switches. The following command would thus be equivalent to the npx
command above:
$ npm exec -- foo@latest bar --package=@npmcli/foo
Configuration
<!-- AUTOGENERATED CONFIG DESCRIPTIONS START --> <!-- automatically generated, do not edit
manually --> <!-- see lib/utils/config/definitions.js -->
package
• Default:
• Type: String (can be set multiple times)
The package to install for npm help exec <!-- automatically generated, do not edit
manually --> <!-- see lib/utils/config/definitions.js -->
call
• Default: ""
• Type: String
Optional companion option for npm exec, npx that allows for specifying a custom command to
be run along with the installed packages.
npm exec --package yo --package generator-node --call "yo node"
<!-- automatically generated, do not edit manually --> <!-- see
lib/utils/config/definitions.js -->
workspace
• Default:
• Type: String (can be set multiple times)
Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current
project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration
option.
Valid values for the workspace config are either:
• Workspace names
• Path to a workspace directory
• Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within
that folder)
When set for the npm init command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does
not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the
project.
This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. <!-- automatically
generated, do not edit manually --> <!-- see lib/utils/config/definitions.js -->
workspaces
• Default: null
• Type: null or Boolean
Set to true to run the command in the context of all configured workspaces.
Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like install to ignore workspaces
altogether. When not set explicitly:
• Commands that operate on the node_modules tree (install, update, etc.) will link
workspaces into the node_modules folder. - Commands that do other things (test, exec,
publish, etc.) will operate on the root project, unless one or more workspaces are
specified in the workspace config.
This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. <!-- automatically
generated, do not edit manually --> <!-- see lib/utils/config/definitions.js -->
include-workspace-root
• Default: false
• Type: Boolean
Include the workspace root when workspaces are enabled for a command.
When false, specifying individual workspaces via the workspace config, or all workspaces
via the workspaces flag, will cause npm to operate only on the specified workspaces, and
not on the root project. <!-- automatically generated, do not edit manually --> <!-- see
lib/utils/config/definitions.js -->
<!-- AUTOGENERATED CONFIG DESCRIPTIONS END -->
Examples
Run the version of tap in the local dependencies, with the provided arguments:
$ npm exec -- tap --bail test/foo.js
$ npx tap --bail test/foo.js
Run a command other than the command whose name matches the package name by specifying a
--package option:
$ npm exec --package=foo -- bar --bar-argument
# ~ or ~
$ npx --package=foo bar --bar-argument
Run an arbitrary shell script, in the context of the current project:
$ npm x -c 'eslint && say "hooray, lint passed"'
$ npx -c 'eslint && say "hooray, lint passed"'
Workspaces support
You may use the workspace or workspaces configs in order to run an arbitrary command from
an npm package (either one installed locally, or fetched remotely) in the context of the
specified workspaces. If no positional argument or --call option is provided, it will
open an interactive subshell in the context of each of these configured workspaces one at
a time.
Given a project with configured workspaces, e.g:
.
+-- package.json
`-- packages
+-- a
| `-- package.json
+-- b
| `-- package.json
`-- c
`-- package.json
Assuming the workspace configuration is properly set up at the root level package.json
file. e.g:
{
"workspaces": [ "./packages/*" ]
}
You can execute an arbitrary command from a package in the context of each of the
configured workspaces when using the workspaces configuration options, in this example
we're using eslint to lint any js file found within each workspace folder:
npm exec --ws -- eslint ./*.js
Filtering workspaces
It's also possible to execute a command in a single workspace using the workspace config
along with a name or directory path:
npm exec --workspace=a -- eslint ./*.js
The workspace config can also be specified multiple times in order to run a specific
script in the context of multiple workspaces. When defining values for the workspace
config in the command line, it also possible to use -w as a shorthand, e.g:
npm exec -w a -w b -- eslint ./*.js
This last command will run the eslint command in both ./packages/a and ./packages/b
folders.
Compatibility with Older npx Versions
The npx binary was rewritten in npm v7.0.0, and the standalone npx package deprecated at
that time. npx uses the npm exec command instead of a separate argument parser and
install process, with some affordances to maintain backwards compatibility with the
arguments it accepted in previous versions.
This resulted in some shifts in its functionality:
• Any npm config value may be provided.
• To prevent security and user-experience problems from mistyping package names, npx
prompts before installing anything. Suppress this prompt with the -y or --yes option.
• The --no-install option is deprecated, and will be converted to --no.
• Shell fallback functionality is removed, as it is not advisable.
• The -p argument is a shorthand for --parseable in npm, but shorthand for --package in
npx. This is maintained, but only for the npx executable.
• The --ignore-existing option is removed. Locally installed bins are always present in
the executed process PATH.
• The --npm option is removed. npx will always use the npm it ships with.
• The --node-arg and -n options are removed.
• The --always-spawn option is redundant, and thus removed.
• The --shell option is replaced with --script-shell, but maintained in the npx executable
for backwards compatibility.
A note on caching
The npm cli utilizes its internal package cache when using the package name specified.
You can use the following to change how and when the cli uses this cache. See npm help
cache for more on how the cache works.
prefer-online
Forces staleness checks for packages, making the cli look for updates immediately even if
the package is already in the cache.
prefer-offline
Bypasses staleness checks for packages. Missing data will still be requested from the
server. To force full offline mode, use offline.
offline
Forces full offline mode. Any packages not locally cached will result in an error.
workspace
• Default:
• Type: String (can be set multiple times)
Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current
project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration
option.
Valid values for the workspace config are either:
• Workspace names
• Path to a workspace directory
• Path to a parent workspace directory (will result to selecting all of the nested
workspaces)
This value is not exported to the environment for child processes.
workspaces
• Alias: --ws
• Type: Boolean
• Default: false
Run scripts in the context of all configured workspaces for the current project.
See Also
• npm help run-script
• npm help scripts
• npm help test
• npm help start
• npm help restart
• npm help stop
• npm help config
• npm help workspaces
• npm help npx
undefined NaN NPM-EXEC(1)