Provided by: lvm2_2.03.11-2.1ubuntu4_amd64 
NAME
lvmreport — LVM reporting and related features
DESCRIPTION
LVM uses single reporting infrastructure that sets standard on LVM command's output and it
provides wide range of configuration settings and command line options to customize report
and filter the report's output.
Categorization based on reporting facility
Based on functionality, commands which make use of the reporting infrastructure are
divided in two groups:
Report-oriented
These commands inform about current LVM state and their primary role is to display
this information in compendious way. To make a distinction, we will name this
report as main report. The set of report-only commands include: pvs, vgs, lvs,
pvdisplay, vgdisplay, lvdisplay, lvm devtypes, lvm fullreport. For further
information about main report, see main report specifics.
Processing-oriented
These commands are responsible for changing LVM state and they do not contain any
main report as identified for report-oriented commands, they only perform some kind
of processing. The set of processing-oriented commands includes: pvcreate,
vgcreate, lvcreate, pvchange, vgchange, lvchange, pvremove, vgremove, lvremove,
pvresize, vgextend, vgreduce, lvextend, lvreduce, lvresize, lvrename, pvscan,
vgscan, lvscan, pvmove, vgcfgbackup, vgck, vgconvert, vgexport, vgimport,
vgmknodes.
If enabled, so called log report is either displayed solely (for processing-oriented
commands) or in addition to main report (for report-oriented commands). The log report
contains a log of operations, messages and per-object status with complete object
identification collected during LVM command execution. See log report specifics for more
information about this report type.
Terms
When describing reporting functionality and features in this text, we will use terms row
and column. By row we mean series of values reported for single entity (for example single
PV, VG or LV). Each value from the row then belongs to a column of certain type. The
columns have column headings which are short descriptions for the columns. The columns are
referenced by column names. Please note that this text is also using term field
interchangeably with the term column. Most of the time the term columns is abbreviated as
col in configuration.
Common report configuration settings and command line options
There are common configuration settings and command line options which apply to both main
report and log report. Following lists contain all of them, separated into groups based on
their use.
Common configuration settings:
• Changing report output format, composition and other output modifiers:
- global/units
- global/suffix
- report/output_format
- report/compact_output
- report/compact_output_cols
- report/aligned
- report/headings
- report/separator
- report/list_item_separator
- report/prefixes
- report/quoted
- report/columns_as_rows
- report/binary_values_as_numeric
- report/time_format
- report/mark_hidden_devices
- report/two_word_unknown_device
• Special settings
- report/buffered
This document does not describe these settings in more detail - if you need detailed
information, including values which are accepted for the settings, please run lvmconfig
--type default --withcomments <setting>. There are more configuration settings in addition
to the common set listed above, but they are specific to either main report or log report,
see main report specifics and log report specifics for these settings. Besides configuring
reports globally by using configuration settings, there are also command line options you
can use to extend, override or further specify the report configuration.
Common command line options:
• Definition of the set set of fields to use
- --options|-o FieldSet
Field set to use. See main report specifics and log report specifics
for information about field sets configured with global configuratin
settings that this option overrides.
- --options|-o+ FieldSet
Fields to include to current field set. See main report specifics and
log report specifics for information about field sets configured with
global configuration settings that this option extends.
- --options|-o- FieldSet
Fields to exclude from current field set. See main report specifics
and log report specifics for information about field sets configured
with global configuration settings that this option reduces.
- --options|-o# FieldSet
Compaction of unused fields. Overrides report/compact_output_cols
configuration setting.
• Sorting
- --sort|-O+ FieldSet
Fields to sort by in ascending order. See main report specifics and
log report specifics for information about field sets configured with
global configuration settings that this option overrides.
- --sort|-O- FieldSet
Fields to sort by in descending order. See main report specifics and
log report specifics for information about fields sets configured with
global configuration settings that this options overrides.
• Selection
- --select|-S Selection
Define selection criteria for report output. For log report, this also
overrides log/command_log_selection configuration setting, see also
log report specifics.
• Changing output format and composition
- --reportformat
Overrides report/output_format configuration setting.
- --aligned
Overrides report/aligned configuration setting.
- --binary
Overrides report/binary_values_as_numeric configuration setting.
- --nameprefixes
Overrides report/prefixes configuration setting.
- --noheadings
Overrides report/noheadings configuration setting.
- --nosuffix
Overrides global/suffix configuration setting.
- --rows
Overrides report/columns_as_rows configuration setting.
- --separator
Overrides report/separator configuration setting.
- --units
Overrides global/units configuration setting.
- --unquoted
Overrides report/quoted configuration setting.
• Special options
- --configreport ReportName
This defines the ReportName for which any subsequent -o--columns,
-O--sort or -S--select applies to. See also main report specifics and
log report specifics for possible ReportName values.
- --logonly
When an LVM command contains both main report and log report, this
option suppresses the main report output and it causes the log report
output to be displayed only.
- --unbuffered
Overrides report/bufffered configuration setting.
The FieldSet mentioned in the lists above is a set of field names where each field name is
delimited by "," character. Field set definition, sorting and selection may be repeated on
command line (-o+/-o- includes/excludes fields to/from current list, for all the other
repeatable options, the last value typed for the option on the command line is used). The
Selection is a string with selection criteria, see also Selection paragraph below for more
information about constructing these criteria.
Main report specifics
The main report currently encompasses these distinct subtypes, referenced by their name -
ReportName as listed below. The command in parenthesis is representative command that uses
the main report subtype by default. Each subtype has its own configuration setting for
global field set definition as well as sort field definition (listed below each individual
ReportName):
• pv representing report about Physical Volumes (pvs)
- report/pvs_cols
- report/pvs_sort
• pvseg representing report about Physical Volume Segments (pvs --segments)
- report/pvseg_cols
- report/pvseg_sort
• vg representing report about Volume Groups (vgs)
- report/vgs_cols
- report/vgs_sort
• lv representing report about Logical Volumes (lvs)
- report/lvs_cols
- report/lvs_sort
• seg representing report about Logical Volume Segments (lvs --segments)
- report/segs_cols
- report/segs_sort
• full representing report combining all of the above as a whole (lvm fullreport)
- report/pvs_cols_full
- report/pvs_sort_full
- report/pvsegs_cols_full
- report/pvseg_sort_full
- report/vgs_cols_full
- report/vgs_sort_full
- report/lvs_cols_full
- report/lvs_sort_full
- report/segs_cols_full
- report/segs_sort_full
• devtype representing report about device types (lvm devtypes)
- report/devtypes_cols
- report/devtypes_sort
Use pvs, vgs, lvs -o help or lvm devtypes -o help to get complete list of fields that you
can use for main report. The list of fields in the help output is separated in groups
based on which report type they belong to. Note that LVM can change final report type
used if fields from different groups are combined together. Some of these combinations are
not allowed in which case LVM will issue an error.
For all main report subtypes except full, it's not necessary to use --configreport
ReportName to denote which report any subsequent -o, -O or -S option applies to as they
always apply to the single main report type. Currently, lvm fullreport is the only command
that includes more than one main report subtype. Therefore, the --configreport is
particularly suitable for the full report if you need to configure each of its subreports
in a different way.
Log report specifics
You can enable log report with log/report_command_log configuration setting - this
functionality is disabled by default. The log report contains a log collected during LVM
command execution and then the log is displayed just like any other report known from main
report. There is only one log report subtype as shown below together with related
configuration settings for fields, sorting and selection:
• log representing log report
- log/command_log_cols
- log/command_log_sort
- log/command_log_selection
You always need to use --configreport log together with -o--options, -O--sort or
-S--selection to override configuration settings directly on command line for log report.
When compared to main report, in addition to usual configuration settings for report
fields and sorting, the log report has also configuration option for selection -
report/command_log_selection. This configuration setting is provided for convenience so
it's not necessary to use -S--select on command line each time an LVM command is executed
and we need the same selection criteria to be applied for log report. Default selection
criteria used for log report are log/command_log_selection="!(log_type=status &&
message=success)". This means that, by default, log report doesn't display status
messages about successful operation and it displays only rows with error, warning, print-
type messages and messages about failure states (for more information, see log report
content below).
Log report coverage
Currently, when running LVM commands directly (not in LVM shell), the log report covers
command's processing stage which is the moment when LVM entities are iterated and
processed one by one. It does not cover any command initialization nor command
finalization stage. If there is any message issued out of log report's coverage range,
such message goes directly to output, bypassing the log report. By default, that is
standard error output for error and warning messages and standard output for common print-
like messages.
When running LVM commands in LVM shell, the log report covers the whole LVM command's
execution, including command's processing as well as initialization and finalization
stage. So from this point of view, the log report coverage is complete for executed LVM
commands. Note that there are still a few moments when LVM shell needs to initialize
itself before it even enters the main loop in which it executes LVM commands. Also, there
is a moment when LVM shell needs to prepare log report properly for next command executed
in the shell and then, after the command's run, the shell needs to display the log report
for that recently executed command. If there is a failure or any other message issued
during this time, the LVM will bypass log report and display messages on output directly.
For these reasons and for completeness, it's not possible to rely fully on log report as
the only indicator of LVM command's status and the only place where all messages issued
during LVM command execution are collected. You always need to check whether the command
has not failed out of log report's range by checking the non-report output too.
To help with this, LVM can separate output which you can then redirect to any custom file
descriptor that you prepare before running an LVM command or LVM shell and then you make
LVM to use these file descriptors for different kinds of output by defining environment
variables with file descriptor numbers. See also LVM_OUT_FD, LVM_ERR_FD and LVM_REPORT_FD
environment variable description in lvm(8) man page.
Also note that, by default, reports use the same file descriptor as common print-like
messages, which is standard output. If you plan to use log report in your scripts or any
external tool, you should use LVM_OUT_FD, LVM_ERR_FD and LVM_REPORT_FD to separate all
output types to different file descriptors. For example, with bash, that would be:
LVM_OUT_FD=3 LVM_ERR_FD=4 LVM_REPORT_FD=5 <lvm command> 3>out_file 4>err_file
5>report_file
Where the <lvm_command> is either direct LVM command or LVM shell. You can collect all
three types of output in particular files then.
Log report content
Each item in the log report consists of these set of fields providing various information:
• Basic information (mandatory):
- log_seq_num
Item sequence number. The sequence number is unique for each log item and it
increases in the order of the log items as they appeared during LVM command
execution.
- log_type
Type of log for the item. Currently, these types are used:
status for any status information that is logged
print for any common message printed while the log is collected
error for any error message printed while the log is collected
warn for any warning message printed while the log is collected
- log_context
Context of the log for the item. Currently, two contexts are identified:
shell for the log collected in the outermost code before and after
executing concrete LVM commands
processing for the log collected while processing LVM entities during
LVM command execution
• Message (mandatory):
- log_message
Any message associated with current item. For status log type, the message
contains either success or failure denoting current state. For print, error
and warn log types, the message contains the exact message of that type that
got issued.
• Object information (used only if applicable):
- log_object_type field
Type of the object processed. Currently, these object types are recognized:
cmd for command as a whole
orphan for processing group of PVs not in any VG yet
pv for PV processing
label for direct PV label processing (without VG metadata)
vg for VG processing
lv for LV processing
- log_object_name
Name of the object processed.
- log_object_id
ID of the object processed.
- log_object_group
A group where the processed object belongs to.
- log_object_group_id
An ID of a group where the processed object belongs to.
• Numeric status (used only if applicable)
- log_errno
Error number associated with current item.
- log_ret_code
Rreturn code associated with current item.
You can also run <lvm_command> --configreport log -o help to to display complete list of
fields that you may use for the log report.
Selection
Selection is used for a report to display only rows that match selection criteria. All
rows are displayed with the additional selected field (-o selected) displaying 1 if the
row matches the Selection and 0 otherwise. The selection criteria are a set of statements
combined by logical and grouping operators. The statement consists of a field name for
which a set of valid values is defined using comparison operators. For complete list of
fields names that you can use in selection, see the output of <lvm_command> -S help. The
help output also contains type of values that each field displays enclosed in brackets.
List of operators recognized in selection criteria
• Comparison operators (cmp_op)
=~ matching regular expression.
!~ not matching regular expression.
= equal to.
!= not equal to.
>= greater than or equal to.
> greater than
<= less than or equal to.
< less than.
• Binary logical operators (cmp_log)
&& all fields must match
, all fields must match
|| at least one field must match
# at least one field must match
• Unary logical operators
! logical negation
• Grouping operators
( left parenthesis
) right parenthesis
[ list start
] list end
{ list subset start
} list subset end
Field types and selection operands
Field type restricts the set of operators and values that you may use with the field when
defining selection criteria. You can see field type for each field if you run <lvm
command> -S help where you can find the type name enclosed in square brackets. Currently,
LVM recognizes these field types in reports:
• string for set of characters (for each string field type, you can use either
string or regular expression - regex for the value used in selection criteria)
• string list for set of strings
• number for integer value
• size for integer or floating point number with size unit suffix (see also
lvcreate(8) man page and description for "-L--size" option for the list of
recognized suffixes)
• percent for floating point number with or without "%" suffix (e.g. 50 or 50%)
• time for time values
When using string list in selection criteria, there are several ways how LVM can match
string list fields from report, depending on what list grouping operator is used and what
item separator is used within that set of items. Also, note that order of items does not
matter here.
• matching the set strictly where all items must match - use [ ], e.g.
["a","b","c"]
• matching a subset of the set - use { } with "," or "&&" as item delimiter, e.g.
{"a","b","c"}
• matching an intersection with the set - use { } with "#" or "||" as item
delimiter, e.g. {"a" || "b" || "c"}
When using time in your selection criteria, LVM can recognize various time formats using
standard, absolute or freeform expressions. For examples demonstrating time expressions in
selection criteria, see EXAMPLES section.
• Standard time format
- date
YYYY-MM-DD
YYYY-MM, auto DD=1
YYYY, auto MM=01 and DD=01
- time
hh:mm:ss
hh:mm, auto ss=0
hh, auto mm=0, auto ss=0
- timezone
+hh:mm or -hh:mm
+hh or -hh
The full date/time specification is YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss. Users are able to leave
date/time parts from right to left. Whenever these parts are left out, a range
is assumed automatically with second granularity. For example:
"2015-07-07 9:51" means range of "2015-07-07 9:51:00" - "2015-07-07
9:51:59".
"2015-07" means range of "2015-07-01 0:00:00" - "2015-07-31 23:59:59"
"2015" means range of "2015-01-01 0:00:00" - "2015-12-31 23:59:59"
• Absolute time format
Absolute time is defined as number of seconds since the Epoch (1970:01:01 00:00
+00:00).
- @seconds
• Freeform time format
- weekday names ("Sunday" - "Saturday" or abbreviated as "Sun" - "Sat")
- labels for points in time ("noon", "midnight")
- labels for a day relative to current day ("today", "yesterday")
- points back in time with relative offset from today (N is a number)
"N" "seconds" / "minutes" / "hours" / "days" / "weeks" / "years" "ago"
"N" "secs" / "mins" / "hrs" ... "ago"
"N" "s" / "m" / "h" ... "ago"
- time specification either in hh:mm:ss format or with AM/PM suffixes
- month names ("January" - "December" or abbreviated as "Jan" - "Dec")
Informal grammar specification
STATEMENT = column cmp_op VALUE | STATEMENT log_op STATEMENT | (STATEMENT) |
!(STATEMENT)
VALUE = [VALUE log_op VALUE]
For list-based types: string list. Matches strictly. The log_op must always
be of one type within the whole list value.
VALUE = {VALUE log_op VALUE}
For list-based types: string list. Matches a subset. The log_op must always
be of one type within the whole list value.
VALUE = value
For scalar types: number, size, percent, string (or string regex).
EXAMPLES
Basic usage
We start our examples with default configuration - lvmconfig(8) is helpful command to
display configuration settings which are currently used, including all configuration
related to reporting. We will use it throughout examples below to display current
configuration.
# lvmconfig --type full global/units global/suffix \
report/output_format report/compact_output \
report/compact_output_cols report/aligned \
report/headings report/separator \
report/list_item_separator report/prefixes \
report/quoted report/columns_as_rows \
report/binary_values_as_numeric report/time_format \
report/mark_hidden_devices report/two_word_unknown_device \
report/buffered
units="h"
suffix=1
output_format="basic"
compact_output=0
compact_output_cols=""
aligned=1
headings=1
separator=" "
list_item_separator=","
prefixes=0
quoted=1
columns_as_rows=0
binary_values_as_numeric=0
time_format="%Y-%m-%d %T %z"
mark_hidden_devices=1
two_word_unknown_device=0
buffered=1
Also, we start with simple LVM layout with two PVs (/dev/sda, /dev/sdb), VG (vg) and two
LVs (lvol0 and lvol1) in the VG. We display all possible reports as single commands here,
see also pvs(8), vgs(8), lvs(8) man pages for more information. The field set for each
report type is configured with configuration settings as we already mentioned in main
report specifics section in this man page.
# lvmconfig --type full report/pvs_cols report/pvs_sort \
report/pvsegs_cols report/pvsegs_sort report/vgs_cols \
report/vgs_sort report/lvs_cols report/lvs_sort \
report/segs_cols report/segs_sort
pvs_cols="pv_name,vg_name,pv_fmt,pv_attr,pv_size,pv_free"
pvs_sort="pv_name"
pvsegs_cols="pv_name,vg_name,pv_fmt,pv_attr,pv_size,pv_free,
pvseg_start,pvseg_size"
pvsegs_sort="pv_name,pvseg_start"
vgs_cols="vg_name,pv_count,lv_count,snap_count,vg_attr,vg_size,vg_free"
vgs_sort="vg_name"
lvs_cols="lv_name,vg_name,lv_attr,lv_size,pool_lv,origin,move_pv,
mirror_log,copy_percent,convert_lv"
lvs_sort="vg_name,lv_name"
segs_cols="lv_name,vg_name,lv_attr,stripes,segtype,seg_size"
segs_sort="vg_name,lv_name,seg_start"
# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sda vg lvm2 a-- 100.00m 88.00m
/dev/sdb vg lvm2 a-- 100.00m 92.00m
# pvs --segments
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree Start SSize
/dev/sda vg lvm2 a-- 100.00m 88.00m 0 1
/dev/sda vg lvm2 a-- 100.00m 88.00m 1 1
/dev/sda vg lvm2 a-- 100.00m 88.00m 2 1
/dev/sda vg lvm2 a-- 100.00m 88.00m 3 22
/dev/sdb vg lvm2 a-- 100.00m 92.00m 0 1
/dev/sdb vg lvm2 a-- 100.00m 92.00m 1 1
/dev/sdb vg lvm2 a-- 100.00m 92.00m 2 23
# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
vg 2 2 0 wz--n- 200.00m 180.00m
# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
lvol0 vg -wi-a----- 4.00m
lvol1 vg rwi-a-r--- 4.00m 100.00
# lvs --segments
LV VG Attr #Str Type SSize
lvol0 vg -wi-a----- 1 linear 4.00m
lvol1 vg rwi-a-r--- 2 raid1 4.00m
We will use report/lvs_cols and report/lvs_sort configuration settings to define our own
list of fields to use and to sort by that is different from defaults. You can do this for
other reports in same manner with report/{pvs,pvseg,vgs,seg}_{cols,sort} configuration
settings. Also note that in the example below, we don't display the "lv_time" field even
though we're using it for sorting - this is allowed.
# lvmconfig --type full report/lvs_cols report/lvs_sort
lvs_cols="lv_name,lv_size,origin,pool_lv,copy_percent"
lvs_sort="-lv_time"
# lvs
LV LSize Origin Pool Cpy%Sync
lvol1 4.00m 100.00
lvol0 4.00m
You can use -o--options command line option to override current configuration directly on
command line.
# lvs -o lv_name,lv_size
LV LSize
lvol1 4.00m
lvol0 4.00m
# lvs -o+lv_layout
LV LSize Origin Pool Cpy%Sync Layout
lvol1 4.00m 100.00 raid,raid1
lvol0 4.00m linear
# lvs -o-origin
LV LSize Pool Cpy%Sync
lvol1 4.00m 100.00
lvol0 4.00m
# lvs -o lv_name,lv_size,origin -o+lv_layout -o-origin -O lv_name
LV LSize Layout
lvol0 4.00m linear
lvol1 4.00m raid,raid1
You can obtain the same information with single command where all the information about
PVs, PV segments, LVs and LV segments are obtained per VG under a single VG lock for
consistency, see also lvm-fullreport(8) man page for more information. The fullreport has
its own configuration settings to define field sets to use, similar to individual reports
as displayed above, but configuration settings have "_full" suffix now. This way, it's
possible to configure different sets of fields to display and to sort by for individual
reports as well as the full report.
# lvmconfig --type full report/pvs_cols_full \
report/pvs_sort_full report/pvsegs_cols_full \
report/pvsegs_sort_full report/vgs_cols_full \
report/vgs_sort_full report/lvs_cols_full \
report/lvs_sort_full report/segs_cols_full \
report/segs_sort_full
pvs_cols_full="pv_name,vg_name"
pvs_sort_full="pv_name"
pvsegs_cols_full="pv_name,pvseg_start,pvseg_size"
pvsegs_sort_full="pv_uuid,pvseg_start"
vgs_cols_full="vg_name"
vgs_sort_full="vg_name"
lvs_cols_full="lv_name,vg_name"
lvs_sort_full="vg_name,lv_name"
segs_cols_full="lv_name,seg_start,seg_size"
segs_sort_full="lv_uuid,seg_start"
# lvm fullreport
VG
vg
PV VG
/dev/sda vg
/dev/sdb vg
LV VG
lvol0 vg
lvol1 vg
PV Start SSize
/dev/sda 0 1
/dev/sda 1 1
/dev/sda 2 1
/dev/sda 3 22
/dev/sdb 0 1
/dev/sdb 1 1
/dev/sdb 2 23
LV Start SSize
lvol0 0 4.00m
lvol1 0 4.00m
Automatic output compaction
If you look at the lvs output above, you can see that the report also contains fields for
which there is no information to display (e.g. the columns under "Origin" and "Pool"
heading - the "origin" and "pool_lv" fields). LVM can automatically compact report output
so such fields are not included in final output. To enable this feature and to compact all
fields, use report/compact_output=1 in your configuration.
# lvmconfig --type full report/compact_output
compact_output=1
# lvs
LV LSize Cpy%Sync
lvol1 4.00m 100.00
lvol0 4.00m
# lvs vg/lvol0
LV LSize
lvol0 4.00m
Alternatively, you can define which fields should be compacted by configuring
report/compact_output_cols configuration setting (or -o--options # command line option).
# lvmconfig --type full report/compact_output report/compact_output_cols
compact_output=0
compact_output_cols="origin"
# lvs
LV LSize Pool Cpy%Sync
lvol1 4.00m 100.00
lvol0 4.00m
# lvs vg/lvol0
LV LSize Pool
lvol0 4.00m
# lvs -o#pool_lv
LV LSize Origin Cpy%Sync
lvol1 4.00m 100.00
lvol0 4.00m
We will use report/compact_output=1 for subsequent examples.
Further formatting options
By default, LVM displays sizes in reports in human-readable form which means that the most
suitable unit is used so it's easy to read. You can use report/units configuration setting
(or --units option directly on command line) and report/suffix configuration setting (or
--nosuffix command line option) to change this.
# lvs --units b --nosuffix
LV LSize Cpy%Sync
lvol1 4194304 100.00
lvol0 4194304
If you want to configure whether report headings are displayed or not, use report/headings
configuration settings (or --noheadings command line option).
# lvs --noheadings
lvol1 4.00m 100.00
lvol0 4.00m
In some cases, it may be useful to display report content as key=value pairs where key
here is actually the field name. Use report/prefixes configuration setting (or
--nameprefixes command line option) to switch between standard output and the key=value
output. The key=value pair is the output that is suitable for use in scripts and for other
tools to parse easily. Usually, you also don't want to display headings with the output
that has these key=value pairs.
# lvs --noheadings --nameprefixes
LVM2_LV_NAME='lvol1' LVM2_LV_SIZE='4.00m' LVM2_COPY_PERCENT='100.00'
LVM2_LV_NAME='lvol0' LVM2_LV_SIZE='4.00m' LVM2_COPY_PERCENT=''
To define whether quotation marks in key=value pairs should be used or not, use
report/quoted configuration setting (or --unquoted command line option).
# lvs --noheadings --nameprefixes --unquoted
LVM2_LV_NAME=lvol1 LVM2_LV_SIZE=4.00m LVM2_COPY_PERCENT=100.00
LVM2_LV_NAME=lvol0 LVM2_LV_SIZE=4.00m LVM2_COPY_PERCENT=
For easier parsing, you can even transpose the report so each column now becomes a row in
the output. This is done with report/output_as_rows configuration setting (or --rows
command line option).
# lvs --noheadings --nameprefixes --unquoted --rows
LVM2_LV_NAME=lvol1 LVM2_LV_NAME=lvol0
LVM2_LV_SIZE=4.00m LVM2_LV_SIZE=4.00m
LVM2_COPY_PERCENT=100.00 LVM2_COPY_PERCENT=
Use report/separator configuration setting (or --separator command line option) to define
your own field separator to use.
# lvs --noheadings --nameprefixes --unquoted --separator " | "
LVM2_LV_NAME=lvol1 | LVM2_LV_SIZE=4.00m | LVM2_COPY_PERCENT=100.00
LVM2_LV_NAME=lvol0 | LVM2_LV_SIZE=4.00m | LVM2_COPY_PERCENT=
If you are using your own separator, the columns in the output are not aligned by default.
Use report/aligned configuration setting (or --aligned command line option) for LVM to add
extra spaces in report to align the output properly.
# lvs --separator " | "
LV | LSize | Cpy%Sync
lvol1 | 4.00m | 100.00
lvol0 | 4.00m |
# lvs --separator " | " --aligned
LV | LSize | Cpy%Sync
lvol1 | 4.00m | 100.00
lvol0 | 4.00m |
Let's display one one more field in addition ("lv_tags" in this example) for the lvs
report output.
# lvs -o+lv_tags
LV LSize Cpy%Sync LV Tags
lvol1 4.00m 100.00
lvol0 4.00m tagA,tagB
The "LV Tags" column in the example above displays two list values, separated by ","
character for LV lvol0. If you need different list item separator, use
report/list_item_separator configuration setting its definition.
# lvmconfig --type full report/list_item_separator
list_item_separator=";"
# lvs -o+tags
LV LSize Cpy%Sync LV Tags
lvol1 4.00m 100.00
lvol0 4.00m tagA;tagB
But let's still use the original "," character for list_item_separator for subsequent
examples.
Format for any of time values displayed in reports can be configured with
report/time_format configuretion setting. By default complete date and time is displayed,
including timezone.
# lvmconfig --type full report/time_format
time_format="%Y-%m-%d %T %z"
# lvs -o+time
LV LSize Cpy%Sync CTime
lvol1 4.00m 100.00 2016-08-29 12:53:36 +0200
lvol0 4.00m 2016-08-29 10:15:17 +0200
We can change time format in similar way as we do when using date(1) command or
strftime(3) function (lvmconfig --type default --withcomments report/time_format will give
you complete list of available formatting options). In the example below, we decided to
use %s for number of seconds since Epoch (1970-01-01 UTC).
# lvmconfig --type full report/time_format
time_format="%s"
# lvs
LV Attr LSize Cpy%Sync LV Tags CTime
lvol1 rwi-a-r--- 4.00m 100.00 1472468016
lvol0 -wi-a----- 4.00m tagA,tagB 1472458517
The lvs does not display hidden LVs by default - to include these LVs in the output, you
need to use -a--all command line option. Names for these hidden LVs are displayed within
square brackets.
# lvs -a
LV LSize Cpy%Sync
lvol1 4.00m 100.00
[lvol1_rimage_0] 4.00m
[lvol1_rmeta_0] 4.00m
[lvol1_rimage_1] 4.00m
[lvol1_rmeta_1] 4.00m
lvol0 4.00m
You can configure LVM to display the square brackets for hidden LVs or not with
report/mark_hidden_devices configuration setting.
# lvmconfig --type full report/mark_hidden_devices
mark_hidden_devices=0
# lvs -a
LV LSize Cpy%Sync
lvol1 4.00m 100.00
lvol1_rimage_0 4.00m
lvol1_rmeta_0 4.00m
lvol1_rimage_1 4.00m
lvol1_rmeta_1 4.00m
lvol0 4.00m
It's not recommended to use LV marks for hidden devices to decide whether the LV is the
one to use by end users or not. Please, use "lv_role" field instead which can report
whether the LV is "public" or "private". The private LVs are used by LVM only and they
should not be accessed directly by end users.
# lvs -a -o+lv_role
LV LSize Cpy%Sync Role
lvol1 4.00m 100.00 public
lvol1_rimage_0 4.00m private,raid,image
lvol1_rmeta_0 4.00m private,raid,metadata
lvol1_rimage_1 4.00m private,raid,image
lvol1_rmeta_1 4.00m private,raid,metadata
lvol0 4.00m public
Some of the reporting fields that LVM reports are of binary nature. For such fields, it's
either possible to display word representation of the value (this is used by default) or
numeric value (0/1 or -1 in case the value is undefined).
# lvs -o+lv_active_locally
LV LSize Cpy%Sync ActLocal
lvol1 4.00m 100.00 active locally
lvol0 4.00m active locally
We can change the way how these binary values are displayed with
report/binary_values_as_numeric configuration setting.
# lvmconfig --type full report/binary_values_as_numeric
binary_values_as_numeric=1
# lvs -o+lv_active_locally
LV LSize Cpy%Sync ActLocal
lvol1 4.00m 100.00 1
lvol0 4.00m 1
Changing output format
LVM can output reports in different formats - use report/output_format configuration
setting (or --reportformat command line option) to swith the report output format.
Currently, LVM supports "basic" (all the examples we used above used this format) and
"JSON" output format.
# lvs -o lv_name,lv_size --reportformat json
{
"report": [
{
"lv": [
{"lv_name":"lvol1", "lv_size":"4.00m"},
{"lv_name":"lvol0", "lv_size":"4.00m"}
]
}
]
}
Note that some configuration settings and command line options have no effect with certain
report formats. For example, with JSON output, it doesn't have any meaning to use
report/aligned (--aligned), report/noheadings (--noheadings), report/columns_as_rows
(--rows) or report/buffered (--unbuffered). All these configuration settings and command
line options are ignored if using the JSON report output format.
Selection
If you need to select only specific rows from report, you can use LVM's report selection
feature. If you call <lvm_command> -S help, you'll get quick help on selection. The help
contains list of all fields that LVM can use in reports together with its type enclosed in
square brackets. The example below contains a line from lvs -S help.
# lvs -S help
...
lv_size - Size of LV in current units. [size]
...
This line tells you you that the "lv_size" field is of "size" type. If you look at the
bottom of the help output, you can see section about "Selection operators" and its
"Comparison operators".
# lvs -S help
...
Selection operators
-------------------
Comparison operators:
=~ - Matching regular expression. [regex]
!~ - Not matching regular expression. [regex]
= - Equal to. [number, size, percent, string, string list, time]
!= - Not equal to. [number, size, percent, string, string_list, time]
>= - Greater than or equal to. [number, size, percent, time]
> - Greater than. [number, size, percent, time]
<= - Less than or equal to. [number, size, percent, time]
< - Less than. [number, size, percent, time]
since - Since specified time (same as '>='). [time]
after - After specified time (same as '>'). [time]
until - Until specified time (same as '<='). [time]
before - Before specified time (same as '<'). [time]
...
Here you can match comparison operators that you may use with the "lv_size" field which is
of type "size" - it's =, !=, >=, >, <= and <. You can find applicable comparison operators
for other fields and other field types the same way.
To demostrate selection functionality in LVM, we will create more LVs in addition to lvol0
and lvol1 we used in our previous examples.
# lvs -o name,size,origin,snap_percent,tags,time
LV LSize Origin Snap% LV Tags CTime
lvol4 4.00m lvol2 24.61 2016-09-09 16:57:44 +0200
lvol3 4.00m lvol2 5.08 2016-09-09 16:56:48 +0200
lvol2 8.00m tagA,tagC,tagD 2016-09-09 16:55:12 +0200
lvol1 4.00m 2016-08-29 12:53:36 +0200
lvol0 4.00m tagA,tagB 2016-08-29 10:15:17 +0200
When selecting size and percent fields, we don't need to use units. For sizes, default
"m" (for MiB) is used - this is the same behaviour as already used for LVM commands when
specifying sizes (e.g. lvcreate -L). For percent fields, "%" is assumed automatically if
it's not specified. The example below also demonstrates how several criteria can be
combined together.
# lvs -o name,size,snap_percent -S 'size=8m'
LV LSize
lvol2 8.00m
# lvs -o name,size,snap_percent -S 'size=8'
LV LSize
lvol2 8.00m
# lvs -o name,size,snap_percent -S 'size < 5000k'
LV LSize Snap%
lvol4 4.00m 24.61
lvol3 4.00m 5.08
lvol1 4.00m
lvol0 4.00m
# lvs -o name,size,snap_percent -S 'size < 5000k && snap_percent > 20'
LV LSize Snap%
lvol4 4.00m 24.61
# lvs -o name,size,snap_percent \
-S '(size < 5000k && snap_percent > 20%) || name=lvol2'
LV LSize Snap%
lvol4 4.00m 24.61
lvol2 8.00m
You can also use selection together with processing-oriented commands.
# lvchange --addtag test -S 'size < 5000k'
Logical volume vg/lvol1 changed.
Logical volume vg/lvol0 changed.
Logical volume vg/lvol3 changed.
Logical volume vg/lvol4 changed.
# lvchange --deltag test -S 'tags = test'
Logical volume vg/lvol1 changed.
Logical volume vg/lvol0 changed.
Logical volume vg/lvol3 changed.
Logical volume vg/lvol4 changed.
LVM can recognize more complex values used in selection criteria for string list and time
field types. For string lists, you can match whole list strictly, its subset or
intersection. Let's take "lv_tags" field as an example - we select only rows which contain
"tagA" within tags field. We're using { } to denote that we're interested in subset that
matches. If the subset has only one item, we can leave out { }.
# lvs -o name,tags -S 'tags={tagA}'
LV LV Tags
lvol2 tagA,tagC,tagD
lvol0 tagA,tagB
# lvs -o name,tags -S 'tags=tagA'
LV LV Tags
lvol2 tagA,tagC,tagD
lvol0 tagA,tagB
Depending on whether we use "&&" (or ",") or "||" ( or "#") as delimiter for items in the
set we define in selection criterion for string list, we either match subset ("&&" or ",")
or even intersection ("||" or "#").
# lvs -o name,tags -S 'tags={tagA,tagC,tagD}'
LV LV Tags
lvol2 tagA,tagC,tagD
# lvs -o name,tags -S 'tags={tagA || tagC || tagD}'
LV LV Tags
lvol2 tagA,tagC,tagD
lvol0 tagA,tagB
To match the complete set, use [ ] with "&&" (or ",") as delimiter for items. Also note
that the order in which we define items in the set is not relevant.
# lvs -o name,tags -S 'tags=[tagA]'
# lvs -o name,tags -S 'tags=[tagB,tagA]'
LV LV Tags
lvol0 tagA,tagB
If you use [ ] with "||" (or "#"), this is exactly the same as using { }.
# lvs -o name,tags -S 'tags=[tagA || tagC || tagD]'
LV LV Tags
lvol2 tagA,tagC,tagD
lvol0 tagA,tagB
To match a set with no items, use "" to denote this (note that we have output compaction
enabled so the "LV Tags" column is not displayed in the example below because it's blank
and so it gets compacted).
# lvs -o name,tags -S 'tags=""'
LV
lvol4
lvol3
lvol1
# lvs -o name,tags -S 'tags!=""'
LV LV Tags
lvol2 tagA,tagC,tagD
lvol0 tagA,tagB
When doing selection based on time fields, we can use either standard, absolute or
freeform time expressions in selection criteria. Examples below are using standard forms.
# lvs -o name,time
LV CTime
lvol4 2016-09-09 16:57:44 +0200
lvol3 2016-09-09 16:56:48 +0200
lvol2 2016-09-09 16:55:12 +0200
lvol1 2016-08-29 12:53:36 +0200
lvol0 2016-08-29 10:15:17 +0200
# lvs -o name,time -S 'time since "2016-09-01"'
LV CTime
lvol4 2016-09-09 16:57:44 +0200
lvol3 2016-09-09 16:56:48 +0200
lvol2 2016-09-09 16:55:12 +0200
# lvs -o name,time -S 'time since "2016-09-09 16:56"'
LV CTime
lvol4 2016-09-09 16:57:44 +0200
lvol3 2016-09-09 16:56:48 +0200
# lvs -o name,time -S 'time since "2016-09-09 16:57:30"'
LV CTime
lvol4 2016-09-09 16:57:44 +0200
# lvs -o name,time \
-S 'time since "2016-08-29" && time until "2016-09-09 16:55:12"'
LV CTime
lvol2 2016-09-09 16:55:12 +0200
lvol1 2016-08-29 12:53:36 +0200
lvol0 2016-08-29 10:15:17 +0200
# lvs -o name,time \
-S 'time since "2016-08-29" && time before "2016-09-09 16:55:12"'
LV CTime
lvol1 2016-08-29 12:53:36 +0200
lvol0 2016-08-29 10:15:17 +0200
Time operators have synonyms: ">=" for since, "<=" for until, ">" for "after" and "<" for
"before".
# lvs -o name,time \
-S 'time >= "2016-08-29" && time <= "2016-09-09 16:55:30"'
LV CTime
lvol2 2016-09-09 16:55:12 +0200
lvol1 2016-08-29 12:53:36 +0200
lvol0 2016-08-29 10:15:17 +0200
# lvs -o name,time \
-S 'time since "2016-08-29" && time < "2016-09-09 16:55:12"'
LV CTime
lvol1 2016-08-29 12:53:36 +0200
lvol0 2016-08-29 10:15:17 +0200
Example below demonstrates using absolute time expression.
# lvs -o name,time --config report/time_format="%s"
LV CTime
lvol4 1473433064
lvol3 1473433008
lvol2 1473432912
lvol1 1472468016
lvol0 1472458517
# lvs -o name,time -S 'time since @1473433008'
LV CTime
lvol4 2016-09-09 16:57:44 +0200
lvol3 2016-09-09 16:56:48 +0200
Examples below demonstrates using freeform time expressions.
# lvs -o name,time -S 'time since "2 weeks ago"'
LV CTime
lvol4 2016-09-09 16:57:44 +0200
lvol3 2016-09-09 16:56:48 +0200
lvol2 2016-09-09 16:55:12 +0200
lvol1 2016-08-29 12:53:36 +0200
lvol0 2016-08-29 10:15:17 +0200
# lvs -o name,time -S 'time since "1 week ago"'
LV CTime
lvol4 2016-09-09 16:57:44 +0200
lvol3 2016-09-09 16:56:48 +0200
lvol2 2016-09-09 16:55:12 +0200
# lvs -o name,time -S 'time since "2 weeks ago"'
LV CTime
lvol1 2016-08-29 12:53:36 +0200
lvol0 2016-08-29 10:15:17 +0200
# lvs -o name,time -S 'time before "1 week ago"'
LV CTime
lvol1 2016-08-29 12:53:36 +0200
lvol0 2016-08-29 10:15:17 +0200
# lvs -o name,time -S 'time since "68 hours ago"'
LV CTime
lvol4 2016-09-09 16:57:44 +0200
lvol3 2016-09-09 16:56:48 +0200
lvol2 2016-09-09 16:55:12 +0200
# lvs -o name,time -S 'time since "1 year 3 months ago"'
LV CTime
lvol4 2016-09-09 16:57:44 +0200
lvol3 2016-09-09 16:56:48 +0200
lvol2 2016-09-09 16:55:12 +0200
lvol1 2016-08-29 12:53:36 +0200
lvol0 2016-08-29 10:15:17 +0200
Command log reporting
As described in categorization based on reporting facility section at the beginning of
this document, both report-oriented and processing-oriented LVM commands can report the
command log if this is enabled with log/report_command_log configuration setting. Just
like any other report, we can set the set of fields to display (log/command_log_cols) and
to sort by (log/command_log_sort) for this report.
# lvmconfig --type full log/report_command_log log/command_log_cols \
log/command_log_sort log/command_log_selection
report_command_log=1
command_log_cols="log_seq_num,log_type,log_context,log_object_type,
log_object_name,log_object_group,log_message,
log_errno,log_ret_code"
command_log_sort="log_seq_num"
command_log_selection="!(log_type=status && message=success)"
# lvs
Logical Volume
==============
LV LSize Cpy%Sync
lvol1 4.00m 100.00
lvol0 4.00m
Command Log
===========
Seq LogType Context ObjType ObjName ObjGrp Msg Errno RetCode
As you can see, the command log is empty (it contains only field names). By default, LVM
uses selection on the command log report and this case no row matched the selection
criteria, see also log report specifics section in this document for more information.
We're displaying complete log report in the example below where we can see that both LVs
lvol0 and lvol1 were successfully processed as well as the VG vg they are part of.
# lvmconfig --type full log/command_log_selection
command_log_selection="all"
# lvs
Logical Volume
==============
LV LSize Cpy%Sync
lvol1 4.00m 100.00
lvol0 4.00m
Command Log
===========
Seq LogType Context ObjType ObjName ObjGrp Msg Errno RetCode
1 status processing lv lvol0 vg success 0 1
2 status processing lv lvol1 vg success 0 1
3 status processing vg vg success 0 1
# lvchange -an vg/lvol1
Command Log
===========
Seq LogType Context ObjType ObjName ObjGrp Msg Errno RetCode
1 status processing lv lvol1 vg success 0 1
2 status processing vg vg success 0 1
Handling multiple reports per single command
To configure the log report directly on command line, we need to use --configreport option
before we start any -o--options, -O--sort or -S--select that is targeted for log report.
# lvs -o lv_name,lv_size --configreport log -o log_object_type, \
log_object_name,log_message,log_ret_code
Logical Volume
==============
LV LSize
lvol1 4.00m
lvol0 4.00m
Command Log
===========
ObjType ObjName Msg RetCode
lv lvol0 success 1
lv lvol1 success 1
vg vg success 1
The lvm fullreport, with or without log report, consists of several reports - the
--configreport is also used to target particular subreport here.
Below is an extended example with lvm fullreport to illustrate combination of various
options. The report output is in JSON format. Also, we configure "vg", "pvseg", "seg" and
"log" subreport to contain only specified fields. For the "pvseg" subreport, we're
intested only in PV names having "sda" in their name. For the "log" subreport we're
intested only in log lines related to either "lvol0" object or object having "sda" in its
name. Also, for the log subreport we define ordering to be based on "log_object_type"
field.
# lvm fullreport --reportformat json \
--configreport vg -o vg_name,vg_size \
--configreport pvseg -o pv_name,pvseg_start \
-S 'pv_name=~sda' \
--configreport seg -o lv_name,seg_start \
--configreport log -o log_object_type,log_object_name \
-O log_object_type \
-S 'log_object_name=lvol0 || \
log_object_name=~sda'
{
"report": [
{
"vg": [
{"vg_name":"vg", "vg_size":"200.00m"}
]
,
"pv": [
{"pv_name":"/dev/sda", "vg_name":"vg"},
{"pv_name":"/dev/sdb", "vg_name":"vg"}
]
,
"lv": [
{"lv_name":"lvol0", "vg_name":"vg"},
{"lv_name":"lvol1", "vg_name":"vg"}
]
,
"pvseg": [
{"pv_name":"/dev/sda", "pvseg_start":"0"},
{"pv_name":"/dev/sda", "pvseg_start":"1"},
{"pv_name":"/dev/sda", "pvseg_start":"2"},
{"pv_name":"/dev/sda", "pvseg_start":"3"}
]
,
"seg": [
{"lv_name":"lvol0", "seg_start":"0 "},
{"lv_name":"lvol1", "seg_start":"0 "}
]
}
]
,
"log": [
{"log_object_type":"lv", "log_object_name":"lvol0"},
{"log_object_type":"lv", "log_object_name":"lvol0"},
{"log_object_type":"pv", "log_object_name":"/dev/sda"},
{"log_object_type":"pv", "log_object_name":"/dev/sda"},
]
}
Report extensions for LVM shell
As already stated in log report coverage paragraph under log report specifics in this
documentation, when using LVM shell the log report coverage is wider. There's also special
command designed to query last command's log report in the LVM shell - the lastlog
command.
The example below illustrates a situation where we called lvs command. After that, we
inspected the log report with the lastlog, without any selection so all the log report is
displayed on output. Then we called lastlog further, giving various selection criteria.
Then we ran unknown LVM command "abc" for which the log report displays appropriate
failure state.
# lvm
lvm> lvs
Logical Volume
==============
LV LSize Cpy%Sync
lvol1 4.00m 100.00
lvol0 4.00m
Command Log
===========
Seq LogType Context ObjType ObjName ObjGrp Msg Errno RetCode
1 status processing lv lvol0 vg success 0 1
2 status processing lv lvol1 vg success 0 1
3 status processing vg vg success 0 1
4 status shell cmd lvs success 0 1
lvm> lastlog
Command Log
===========
Seq LogType Context ObjType ObjName ObjGrp Msg Errno RetCode
1 status processing lv lvol0 vg success 0 1
2 status processing lv lvol1 vg success 0 1
3 status processing vg vg success 0 1
4 status shell cmd lvs success 0 1
lvm> lastlog -S log_object_type=lv
Command Log
===========
Seq LogType Context ObjType ObjName ObjGrp Msg Errno RetCode
1 status processing lv lvol0 vg success 0 1
2 status processing lv lvol1 vg success 0 1
lvm> lastlog -S log_context=shell
Command Log
===========
Seq LogType Context ObjType ObjName ObjGrp Msg Errno RetCode
4 status shell cmd lvs success 0 1
lvm> abc
Command Log
===========
Seq LogType Context ObjType ObjName ObjGrp Msg Errno RetCode
1 error shell cmd abc No such command 'abc'. Try 'help'. -1 0
2 status shell cmd abc failure -1 2
SEE ALSO
lvm (8), lvmconfig (8), lvm fullreport (8)