Provided by: hping3_3.a2.ds2-10_amd64 
NAME
hping3 - send (almost) arbitrary TCP/IP packets to network hosts
SYNOPSIS
hping3 [ -hvnqVDzZ012WrfxykQbFSRPAUXYjJBuTG ] [ -c count ] [ -i wait ] [ --fast ] [ -I
interface ] [ -9 signature ] [ -a host ] [ -t ttl ] [ -N ip id ] [ -H ip protocol ] [ -g
fragoff ] [ -m mtu ] [ -o tos ] [ -C icmp type ] [ -K icmp code ] [ -s source port ] [
-p[+][+] dest port ] [ -w tcp window ] [ -O tcp offset ] [ -M tcp sequence number ] [ -L
tcp ack ] [ -d data size ] [ -E filename ] [ -e signature ] [ --icmp-ipver version ] [
--icmp-iphlen length ] [ --icmp-iplen length ] [ --icmp-ipid id ] [ --icmp-ipproto
protocol ] [ --icmp-cksum checksum ] [ --icmp-ts ] [ --icmp-addr ] [ --tcpexitcode ] [
--tcp-mss ] [ --tcp-timestamp ] [ --tr-stop ] [ --tr-keep-ttl ] [ --tr-no-rtt ] [ --rand-
dest ] [ --rand-source ] [ --beep ] hostname
DESCRIPTION
hping3 is a network tool able to send custom TCP/IP packets and to display target replies
like ping program does with ICMP replies. hping3 handle fragmentation, arbitrary packets
body and size and can be used in order to transfer files encapsulated under supported
protocols. Using hping3 you are able to perform at least the following stuff:
- Test firewall rules
- Advanced port scanning
- Test net performance using different protocols,
packet size, TOS (type of service) and fragmentation.
- Path MTU discovery
- Transferring files between even really fascist firewall
rules.
- Traceroute-like under different protocols.
- Firewalk-like usage.
- Remote OS fingerprinting.
- TCP/IP stack auditing.
- A lot of others.
It's also a good didactic tool to learn TCP/IP. hping3 is developed and maintained by
antirez@invece.org and is licensed under GPL version 2. Development is open so you can
send me patches, suggestion and affronts without inhibitions.
HPING SITE
primary site at http://www.hping.org. You can found both the stable release and the
instruction to download the latest source code at http://www.hping.org/download.html
BASE OPTIONS
-h --help
Show an help screen on standard output, so you can pipe to less.
-v --version
Show version information and API used to access to data link layer, linux sock
packet or libpcap.
-c --count count
Stop after sending (and receiving) count response packets. After last packet was
send hping3 wait COUNTREACHED_TIMEOUT seconds target host replies. You are able to
tune COUNTREACHED_TIMEOUT editing hping2.h
-i --interval
Wait the specified number of seconds or micro seconds between sending each packet.
--interval X set wait to X seconds, --interval uX set wait to X micro seconds. The
default is to wait one second between each packet. Using hping3 to transfer files
tune this option is really important in order to increase transfer rate. Even using
hping3 to perform idle/spoofing scanning you should tune this option, see
HPING3-HOWTO for more information.
--fast Alias for -i u10000. Hping will send 10 packets for second.
--faster
Alias for -i u1. Faster then --fast ;) (but not as fast as your computer can send
packets due to the signal-driven design).
--flood
Sent packets as fast as possible, without taking care to show incoming replies.
This is ways faster than to specify the -i u0 option.
-n --numeric
Numeric output only, No attempt will be made to lookup symbolic names for host
addresses.
-q --quiet
Quiet output. Nothing is displayed except the summary lines at startup time and
when finished.
-I --interface interface name
By default on linux and BSD systems hping3 uses default routing interface. In
other systems or when there is no default route hping3 uses the first non-loopback
interface. However you are able to force hping3 to use the interface you need
using this option. Note: you don't need to specify the whole name, for example -I
et will match eth0 ethernet0 myet1 et cetera. If no interfaces match hping3 will
try to use lo.
-V --verbose
Enable verbose output. TCP replies will be shown as follows:
len=46 ip=192.168.1.1 flags=RA DF seq=0 ttl=255 id=0 win=0 rtt=0.4 ms tos=0
iplen=40 seq=0 ack=1380893504 sum=2010 urp=0
-D --debug
Enable debug mode, it's useful when you experience some problem with hping3. When
debug mode is enabled you will get more information about interface detection, data
link layer access, interface settings, options parsing, fragmentation, HCMP
protocol and other stuff.
-z --bind
Bind CTRL+Z to time to live (TTL) so you will able to increment/decrement ttl of
outgoing packets pressing CTRL+Z once or twice.
-Z --unbind
Unbind CTRL+Z so you will able to stop hping3.
--beep Beep for every matching received packet (but not for ICMP errors).
PROTOCOL SELECTION
Default protocol is TCP, by default hping3 will send tcp headers to target host's port 0
with a winsize of 64 without any tcp flag on. Often this is the best way to do an 'hide
ping', useful when target is behind a firewall that drop ICMP. Moreover a tcp null-flag to
port 0 has a good probability of not being logged.
-0 --rawip
RAW IP mode, in this mode hping3 will send IP header with data appended with
--signature and/or --file, see also --ipproto that allows you to set the ip
protocol field.
-1 --icmp
ICMP mode, by default hping3 will send ICMP echo-request, you can set other ICMP
type/code using --icmptype --icmpcode options.
-2 --udp
UDP mode, by default hping3 will send udp to target host's port 0. UDP header
tunable options are the following: --baseport, --destport, --keep.
-8 --scan
Scan mode, the option expects an argument that describes groups of ports to scan.
port groups are comma separated: a number describes just a single port, so 1,2,3
means port 1, 2 and 3. ranges are specified using a start-end notation, like
1-1000, that tell hping to scan ports between 1 and 1000 (included). the special
word all is an alias for 0-65535, while the special word known includes all the
ports listed in /etc/services.
Groups can be combined, so the following command line will scan ports between 1 and
1000 AND port 8888 AND ports listed in /etc/services: hping --scan
1-1000,8888,known -S target.host.com
Groups can be negated (subtracted) using a ! character as prefix, so the following
command line will scan all the ports NOT listed in /etc/services in the range
1-1024: hping --scan '1-1024,!known' -S target.host.com
Keep in mind that while hping seems much more like a port scanner in this mode,
most of the hping switches are still honored, so for example to perform a SYN scan
you need to specify the -S option, you can change the TCP windows size, TTL,
control the IP fragmentation as usually, and so on. The only real difference is
that the standard hping behaviors are encapsulated into a scanning algorithm.
Tech note: The scan mode uses a two-processes design, with shared memory for
synchronization. The scanning algorithm is still not optimal, but already quite
fast.
Hint: unlike most scanners, hping shows some interesting info about received
packets, the IP ID, TCP win, TTL, and so on, don't forget to look at this
additional information when you perform a scan! Sometimes they shows interesting
details.
-9 --listen signature
HPING3 listen mode, using this option hping3 waits for packet that contain
signature and dump from signature end to packet's end. For example if hping3
--listen TEST reads a packet that contain 234-09sdflkjs45-TESThello_world it will
display hello_world.
IP RELATED OPTIONS
-a --spoof hostname
Use this option in order to set a fake IP source address, this option ensures that
target will not gain your real address. However replies will be sent to spoofed
address, so you will can't see them. In order to see how it's possible to perform
spoofed/idle scanning see the HPING3-HOWTO.
--rand-source
This option enables the random source mode. hping will send packets with random
source address. It is interesting to use this option to stress firewall state
tables, and other per-ip basis dynamic tables inside the TCP/IP stacks and firewall
software.
--rand-dest
This option enables the random destination mode. hping will send the packets to
random addresses obtained following the rule you specify as the target host. You
need to specify a numerical IP address as target host like 10.0.0.x. All the
occurrences of x will be replaced with a random number in the range 0-255. So to
obtain Internet IP addresses in the whole IPv4 space use something like hping
x.x.x.x --rand-dest. If you are not sure about what kind of addresses your rule is
generating try to use the --debug switch to display every new destination address
generated. When this option is turned on, matching packets will be accept from all
the destinations.
Warning: when this option is enabled hping can't detect the right outgoing
interface for the packets, so you should use the --interface option to select the
desired outgoing interface.
-t --ttl time to live
Using this option you can set TTL (time to live) of outgoing packets, it's likely
that you will use this with --traceroute or --bind options. If in doubt try `hping3
some.host.com -t 1 --traceroute'.
-N --id
Set ip->id field. Default id is random but if fragmentation is turned on and id
isn't specified it will be getpid() & 0xFFFF, to implement a better solution is in
TODO list.
-H --ipproto
Set the ip protocol in RAW IP mode.
-W --winid
id from Windows* systems before Win2k has different byte ordering, if this option
is enable hping3 will properly display id replies from those Windows.
-r --rel
Display id increments instead of id. See the HPING3-HOWTO for more information.
Increments aren't computed as id[N]-id[N-1] but using packet loss compensation. See
relid.c for more information.
-f --frag
Split packets in more fragments, this may be useful in order to test IP stacks
fragmentation performance and to test if some packet filter is so weak that can be
passed using tiny fragments (anachronistic). Default 'virtual mtu' is 16 bytes. see
also --mtu option.
-x --morefrag
Set more fragments IP flag, use this option if you want that target host send an
ICMP time-exceeded during reassembly.
-y --dontfrag
Set don't fragment IP flag, this can be used to perform MTU path discovery.
-g --fragoff fragment offset value
Set the fragment offset.
-m --mtu mtu value
Set different 'virtual mtu' than 16 when fragmentation is enabled. If packets size
is greater that 'virtual mtu' fragmentation is automatically turned on.
-o --tos hex_tos
Set Type Of Service (TOS), for more information try --tos help.
-G --rroute
Record route. Includes the RECORD_ROUTE option in each packet sent and displays the
route buffer of returned packets. Note that the IP header is only large enough for
nine such routes. Many hosts ignore or discard this option. Also note that using
hping you are able to use record route even if target host filter ICMP. Record
route is an IP option, not an ICMP option, so you can use record route option even
in TCP and UDP mode.
ICMP RELATED OPTIONS
-C --icmptype type
Set icmp type, default is ICMP echo request (implies --icmp).
-K --icmpcode code
Set icmp code, default is 0 (implies --icmp).
--icmp-ipver
Set IP version of IP header contained into ICMP data, default is 4.
--icmp-iphlen
Set IP header length of IP header contained into ICMP data, default is 5 (5 words
of 32 bits).
--icmp-iplen
Set IP packet length of IP header contained into ICMP data, default is the real
length.
--icmp-ipid
Set IP id of IP header contained into ICMP data, default is random.
--icmp-ipproto
Set IP protocol of IP header contained into ICMP data, default is TCP.
--icmp-cksum
Set ICMP checksum, for default is the valid checksum.
--icmp-ts
Alias for --icmptype 13 (to send ICMP timestamp requests).
--icmp-addr
Alias for --icmptype 17 (to send ICMP address mask requests).
TCP/UDP RELATED OPTIONS
-s --baseport source port
hping3 uses source port in order to guess replies sequence number. It starts with a
base source port number, and increase this number for each packet sent. When packet
is received sequence number can be computed as replies.dest.port -
base.source.port. Default base source port is random, using this option you are
able to set different number. If you need that source port not be increased for
each sent packet use the -k --keep option.
-p --destport [+][+]dest port
Set destination port, default is 0. If '+' character precedes dest port number
(i.e. +1024) destination port will be increased for each reply received. If double
'+' precedes dest port number (i.e. ++1024), destination port will be increased for
each packet sent. By default destination port can be modified interactively using
CTRL+z.
--keep keep still source port, see --baseport for more information.
-w --win
Set TCP window size. Default is 64.
-O --tcpoff
Set fake tcp data offset. Normal data offset is tcphdrlen / 4.
-M --tcpseq
Set the TCP sequence number.
-L --tcpack
Set the TCP ack.
-Q --seqnum
This option can be used in order to collect sequence numbers generated by target
host. This can be useful when you need to analyze whether TCP sequence number is
predictable. Output example:
#hping3 win98 --seqnum -p 139 -S -i u1 -I eth0
HPING uaz (eth0 192.168.4.41): S set, 40 headers + 0 data bytes
2361294848 +2361294848
2411626496 +50331648
2545844224 +134217728
2713616384 +167772160
2881388544 +167772160
3049160704 +167772160
3216932864 +167772160
3384705024 +167772160
3552477184 +167772160
3720249344 +167772160
3888021504 +167772160
4055793664 +167772160
4223565824 +167772160
The first column reports the sequence number, the second difference between current
and last sequence number. As you can see target host's sequence numbers are
predictable.
-b --badcksum
Send packets with a bad UDP/TCP checksum.
--tcp-mss
Enable the TCP MSS option and set it to the given value.
--tcp-timestamp
Enable the TCP timestamp option, and try to guess the timestamp update frequency
and the remote system uptime.
-F --fin
Set FIN tcp flag.
-S --syn
Set SYN tcp flag.
-R --rst
Set RST tcp flag.
-P --push
Set PUSH tcp flag.
-A --ack
Set ACK tcp flag.
-U --urg
Set URG tcp flag.
-X --xmas
Set Xmas tcp flag.
-Y --ymas
Set Ymas tcp flag.
COMMON OPTIONS
-d --data data size
Set packet body size. Warning, using --data 40 hping3 will not generate 0 byte
packets but protocol_header+40 bytes. hping3 will display packet size information
as first line output, like this: HPING www.yahoo.com (ppp0 204.71.200.67): NO FLAGS
are set, 40 headers + 40 data bytes
-E --file filename
Use filename contents to fill packet's data.
-e --sign signature
Fill first signature length bytes of data with signature. If the signature length
is bigger than data size an error message will be displayed. If you don't specify
the data size hping will use the signature size as data size. This option can be
used safely with --file filename option, remainder data space will be filled using
filename.
-j --dump
Dump received packets in hex.
-J --print
Dump received packets' printable characters.
-B --safe
Enable safe protocol, using this option lost packets in file transfers will be
resent. For example in order to send file /etc/passwd from host A to host B you may
use the following:
[host_a]
# hping3 host_b --udp -p 53 -d 100 --sign signature --safe --file /etc/passwd
[host_b]
# hping3 host_a --listen signature --safe --icmp
-u --end
If you are using --file filename option, tell you when EOF has been reached.
Moreover prevent that other end accept more packets. Please, for more information
see the HPING3-HOWTO.
-T --traceroute
Traceroute mode. Using this option hping3 will increase ttl for each ICMP time to
live 0 during transit received. Try hping3 host --traceroute. This option implies
--bind and --ttl 1. You can override the ttl of 1 using the --ttl option. Since
2.0.0 stable it prints RTT information.
--tr-keep-ttl
Keep the TTL fixed in traceroute mode, so you can monitor just one hop in the
route. For example, to monitor how the 5th hop changes or how its RTT changes you
can try hping3 host --traceroute --ttl 5 --tr-keep-ttl.
--tr-stop
If this option is specified hping will exit once the first packet that isn't an
ICMP time exceeded is received. This better emulates the traceroute behavior.
--tr-no-rtt
Don't show RTT information in traceroute mode. The ICMP time exceeded RTT
information aren't even calculated if this option is set.
--tcpexitcode
Exit with last received packet tcp->th_flag as exit code. Useful for scripts that
need, for example, to known if the port 999 of some host reply with SYN/ACK or with
RST in response to SYN, i.e. the service is up or down.
TCP OUTPUT FORMAT
The standard TCP output format is the following:
len=46 ip=192.168.1.1 flags=RA DF seq=0 ttl=255 id=0 win=0 rtt=0.4 ms
len is the size, in bytes, of the data captured from the data link layer excluding the
data link header size. This may not match the IP datagram size due to low level transport
layer padding.
ip is the source ip address.
flags are the TCP flags, R for RESET, S for SYN, A for ACK, F for FIN, P for PUSH, U for
URGENT, X for not standard 0x40, Y for not standard 0x80.
If the reply contains DF the IP header has the don't fragment bit set.
seq is the sequence number of the packet, obtained using the source port for TCP/UDP
packets, the sequence field for ICMP packets.
id is the IP ID field.
win is the TCP window size.
rtt is the round trip time in milliseconds.
If you run hping using the -V command line switch it will display additional information
about the packet, example:
len=46 ip=192.168.1.1 flags=RA DF seq=0 ttl=255 id=0 win=0 rtt=0.4 ms tos=0 iplen=40 seq=0
ack=1223672061 sum=e61d urp=0
tos is the type of service field of the IP header.
iplen is the IP total len field.
seq and ack are the sequence and acknowledge 32bit numbers in the TCP header.
sum is the TCP header checksum value.
urp is the TCP urgent pointer value.
UDP OUTPUT FORMAT
The standard output format is:
len=46 ip=192.168.1.1 seq=0 ttl=64 id=0 rtt=6.0 ms
The field meaning is just the same as the TCP output meaning of the same fields.
ICMP OUTPUT FORMAT
An example of ICMP output is:
ICMP Port Unreachable from ip=192.168.1.1 name=nano.marmoc.net
It is very simple to understand. It starts with the string "ICMP" followed by the
description of the ICMP error, Port Unreachable in the example. The ip field is the IP
source address of the IP datagram containing the ICMP error, the name field is just the
numerical address resolved to a name (a dns PTR request) or UNKNOWN if the resolution
failed.
The ICMP Time exceeded during transit or reassembly format is a bit different:
TTL 0 during transit from ip=192.168.1.1 name=nano.marmoc.net
TTL 0 during reassembly from ip=192.70.106.25 name=UNKNOWN
The only difference is the description of the error, it starts with TTL 0.
AUTHOR
Salvatore Sanfilippo <antirez@invece.org>, with the help of the people mentioned in
AUTHORS file and at http://www.hping.org/authors.html
BUGS
Even using the --end and --safe options to transfer files the final packet will be padded
with 0x00 bytes.
Data is read without care about alignment, but alignment is enforced in the data
structures. This will not be a problem under i386 but, while usually the TCP/IP headers
are naturally aligned, may create problems with different processors and bogus packets if
there is some unaligned access around the code (hopefully none).
On solaris hping does not work on the loopback interface. This seems a solaris problem, as
stated in the tcpdump-workers mailing list, so the libpcap can't do nothing to handle it
properly.
SEE ALSO
ping(8), traceroute(8), ifconfig(8), nmap(1)
2001 Aug 14 HPING3(8)