Provided by: llvm-15_15.0.2-1_amd64 
NAME
lit - LLVM Integrated Tester
SYNOPSIS
lit [options] [tests]
DESCRIPTION
lit is a portable tool for executing LLVM and Clang style test suites, summarizing their
results, and providing indication of failures. lit is designed to be a lightweight
testing tool with as simple a user interface as possible.
lit should be run with one or more tests to run specified on the command line. Tests can
be either individual test files or directories to search for tests (see TEST DISCOVERY).
Each specified test will be executed (potentially concurrently) and once all tests have
been run lit will print summary information on the number of tests which passed or failed
(see TEST STATUS RESULTS). The lit program will execute with a non-zero exit code if any
tests fail.
By default lit will use a succinct progress display and will only print summary
information for test failures. See OUTPUT OPTIONS for options controlling the lit
progress display and output.
lit also includes a number of options for controlling how tests are executed (specific
features may depend on the particular test format). See EXECUTION OPTIONS for more
information.
Finally, lit also supports additional options for only running a subset of the options
specified on the command line, see SELECTION OPTIONS for more information.
lit parses options from the environment variable LIT_OPTS after parsing options from the
command line. LIT_OPTS is primarily useful for supplementing or overriding the
command-line options supplied to lit by check targets defined by a project’s build system.
lit can also read options from response files which are specified as inputs using the
@path/to/file.rsp syntax.
Users interested in the lit architecture or designing a lit testing implementation should
see LIT INFRASTRUCTURE.
GENERAL OPTIONS
-h, --help
Show the lit help message.
-j N, --workers=N
Run N tests in parallel. By default, this is automatically chosen to match the
number of detected available CPUs.
--config-prefix=NAME
Search for NAME.cfg and NAME.site.cfg when searching for test suites, instead of
lit.cfg and lit.site.cfg.
-D NAME[=VALUE], --param NAME[=VALUE]
Add a user defined parameter NAME with the given VALUE (or the empty string if not
given). The meaning and use of these parameters is test suite dependent.
OUTPUT OPTIONS
-q, --quiet
Suppress any output except for test failures.
-s, --succinct
Show less output, for example don’t show information on tests that pass. Also show
a progress bar, unless --no-progress-bar is specified.
-v, --verbose
Show more information on test failures, for example the entire test output instead
of just the test result.
-vv, --echo-all-commands
Echo all commands to stdout, as they are being executed. This can be valuable for
debugging test failures, as the last echoed command will be the one which has
failed. lit normally inserts a no-op command (: in the case of bash) with argument
'RUN: at line N' before each command pipeline, and this option also causes those
no-op commands to be echoed to stdout to help you locate the source line of the
failed command. This option implies --verbose.
-a, --show-all
Show more information about all tests, for example the entire test commandline and
output.
--no-progress-bar
Do not use curses based progress bar.
--show-unsupported
Show the names of unsupported tests.
--show-xfail
Show the names of tests that were expected to fail.
EXECUTION OPTIONS
--path=PATH
Specify an additional PATH to use when searching for executables in tests.
--vg Run individual tests under valgrind (using the memcheck tool). The
--error-exitcode argument for valgrind is used so that valgrind failures will cause
the program to exit with a non-zero status.
When this option is enabled, lit will also automatically provide a “valgrind”
feature that can be used to conditionally disable (or expect failure in) certain
tests.
--vg-arg=ARG
When --vg is used, specify an additional argument to pass to valgrind itself.
--vg-leak
When --vg is used, enable memory leak checks. When this option is enabled, lit
will also automatically provide a “vg_leak” feature that can be used to
conditionally disable (or expect failure in) certain tests.
--time-tests
Track the wall time individual tests take to execute and includes the results in
the summary output. This is useful for determining which tests in a test suite
take the most time to execute.
--ignore-fail
Exit with status zero even if some tests fail.
--no-indirectly-run-check
Do not error if a test would not be run if the user had specified the containing
directory instead of naming the test directly.
SELECTION OPTIONS
By default, lit will run failing tests first, then run tests in descending execution time
order to optimize concurrency. The execution order can be changed using the --order
option.
The timing data is stored in the test_exec_root in a file named .lit_test_times.txt. If
this file does not exist, then lit checks the test_source_root for the file to optionally
accelerate clean builds.
--shuffle
Run the tests in a random order, not failing/slowest first. Deprecated, use --order
instead.
--max-failures N
Stop execution after the given number N of failures. An integer argument should be
passed on the command line prior to execution.
--max-tests=N
Run at most N tests and then terminate.
--max-time=N
Spend at most N seconds (approximately) running tests and then terminate. Note
that this is not an alias for --timeout; the two are different kinds of maximums.
--num-shards=M
Divide the set of selected tests into M equal-sized subsets or “shards”, and run
only one of them. Must be used with the --run-shard=N option, which selects the
shard to run. The environment variable LIT_NUM_SHARDS can also be used in place of
this option. These two options provide a coarse mechanism for partitioning large
testsuites, for parallel execution on separate machines (say in a large testing
farm).
--order={lexical,random,smart}
Define the order in which tests are run. The supported values are:
• lexical - tests will be run in lexical order according to the test file path.
This option is useful when predictable test order is desired.
• random - tests will be run in random order.
• smart - tests that failed previously will be run first, then the remaining tests,
all in descending execution time order. This is the default as it optimizes
concurrency.
--run-shard=N
Select which shard to run, assuming the --num-shards=M option was provided. The two
options must be used together, and the value of N must be in the range 1..M. The
environment variable LIT_RUN_SHARD can also be used in place of this option.
--timeout=N
Spend at most N seconds (approximately) running each individual test. 0 means no
time limit, and 0 is the default. Note that this is not an alias for --max-time;
the two are different kinds of maximums.
--filter=REGEXP
Run only those tests whose name matches the regular expression specified in REGEXP.
The environment variable LIT_FILTER can be also used in place of this option, which
is especially useful in environments where the call to lit is issued indirectly.
--filter-out=REGEXP
Filter out those tests whose name matches the regular expression specified in
REGEXP. The environment variable LIT_FILTER_OUT can be also used in place of this
option, which is especially useful in environments where the call to lit is issued
indirectly.
--xfail=LIST
Treat those tests whose name is in the semicolon separated list LIST as XFAIL. This
can be helpful when one does not want to modify the test suite. The environment
variable LIT_XFAIL can be also used in place of this option, which is especially
useful in environments where the call to lit is issued indirectly.
A test name can specified as a file name relative to the test suite directory. For
example:
LIT_XFAIL="affinity/kmp-hw-subset.c;offloading/memory_manager.cpp"
In this case, all of the following tests are treated as XFAIL:
libomp :: affinity/kmp-hw-subset.c
libomptarget :: nvptx64-nvidia-cuda :: offloading/memory_manager.cpp
libomptarget :: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu :: offloading/memory_manager.cpp
Alternatively, a test name can be specified as the full test name reported in LIT
output. For example, we can adjust the previous example not to treat the
nvptx64-nvidia-cuda version of offloading/memory_manager.cpp as XFAIL:
LIT_XFAIL="affinity/kmp-hw-subset.c;libomptarget :: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu :: offloading/memory_manager.cpp"
--xfail-not=LIST
Do not treat the specified tests as XFAIL. The environment variable LIT_XFAIL_NOT
can also be used in place of this option. The syntax is the same as for --xfail
and LIT_XFAIL. --xfail-not and LIT_XFAIL_NOT always override all other XFAIL
specifications, including an --xfail appearing later on the command line. The
primary purpose is to suppress an XPASS result without modifying a test case that
uses the XFAIL directive.
ADDITIONAL OPTIONS
--debug
Run lit in debug mode, for debugging configuration issues and lit itself.
--show-suites
List the discovered test suites and exit.
--show-tests
List all of the discovered tests and exit.
EXIT STATUS
lit will exit with an exit code of 1 if there are any FAIL or XPASS results. Otherwise,
it will exit with the status 0. Other exit codes are used for non-test related failures
(for example a user error or an internal program error).
TEST DISCOVERY
The inputs passed to lit can be either individual tests, or entire directories or
hierarchies of tests to run. When lit starts up, the first thing it does is convert the
inputs into a complete list of tests to run as part of test discovery.
In the lit model, every test must exist inside some test suite. lit resolves the inputs
specified on the command line to test suites by searching upwards from the input path
until it finds a lit.cfg or lit.site.cfg file. These files serve as both a marker of test
suites and as configuration files which lit loads in order to understand how to find and
run the tests inside the test suite.
Once lit has mapped the inputs into test suites it traverses the list of inputs adding
tests for individual files and recursively searching for tests in directories.
This behavior makes it easy to specify a subset of tests to run, while still allowing the
test suite configuration to control exactly how tests are interpreted. In addition, lit
always identifies tests by the test suite they are in, and their relative path inside the
test suite. For appropriately configured projects, this allows lit to provide convenient
and flexible support for out-of-tree builds.
TEST STATUS RESULTS
Each test ultimately produces one of the following eight results:
PASS
The test succeeded.
FLAKYPASS
The test succeeded after being re-run more than once. This only applies to tests
containing an ALLOW_RETRIES: annotation.
XFAIL
The test failed, but that is expected. This is used for test formats which allow
specifying that a test does not currently work, but wish to leave it in the test suite.
XPASS
The test succeeded, but it was expected to fail. This is used for tests which were
specified as expected to fail, but are now succeeding (generally because the feature
they test was broken and has been fixed).
FAIL
The test failed.
UNRESOLVED
The test result could not be determined. For example, this occurs when the test could
not be run, the test itself is invalid, or the test was interrupted.
UNSUPPORTED
The test is not supported in this environment. This is used by test formats which can
report unsupported tests.
TIMEOUT
The test was run, but it timed out before it was able to complete. This is considered a
failure.
Depending on the test format tests may produce additional information about their status
(generally only for failures). See the OUTPUT OPTIONS section for more information.
LIT INFRASTRUCTURE
This section describes the lit testing architecture for users interested in creating a new
lit testing implementation, or extending an existing one.
lit proper is primarily an infrastructure for discovering and running arbitrary tests, and
to expose a single convenient interface to these tests. lit itself doesn’t know how to run
tests, rather this logic is defined by test suites.
TEST SUITES
As described in TEST DISCOVERY, tests are always located inside a test suite. Test suites
serve to define the format of the tests they contain, the logic for finding those tests,
and any additional information to run the tests.
lit identifies test suites as directories containing lit.cfg or lit.site.cfg files (see
also --config-prefix). Test suites are initially discovered by recursively searching up
the directory hierarchy for all the input files passed on the command line. You can use
--show-suites to display the discovered test suites at startup.
Once a test suite is discovered, its config file is loaded. Config files themselves are
Python modules which will be executed. When the config file is executed, two important
global variables are predefined:
lit_config
The global lit configuration object (a LitConfig instance), which defines the builtin
test formats, global configuration parameters, and other helper routines for
implementing test configurations.
config
This is the config object (a TestingConfig instance) for the test suite, which the
config file is expected to populate. The following variables are also available on the
config object, some of which must be set by the config and others are optional or
predefined:
name [required] The name of the test suite, for use in reports and diagnostics.
test_format [required] The test format object which will be used to discover and run
tests in the test suite. Generally this will be a builtin test format available from
the lit.formats module.
test_source_root The filesystem path to the test suite root. For out-of-dir builds
this is the directory that will be scanned for tests.
test_exec_root For out-of-dir builds, the path to the test suite root inside the object
directory. This is where tests will be run and temporary output files placed.
environment A dictionary representing the environment to use when executing tests in
the suite.
standalone_tests When true, mark a directory with tests expected to be run standalone.
Test discovery is disabled for that directory and –no-indirectly-run-check is in
effect. lit.suffixes and lit.excludes must be empty when this variable is true.
suffixes For lit test formats which scan directories for tests, this variable is a list
of suffixes to identify test files. Used by: ShTest.
substitutions For lit test formats which substitute variables into a test script, the
list of substitutions to perform. Used by: ShTest.
unsupported Mark an unsupported directory, all tests within it will be reported as
unsupported. Used by: ShTest.
parent The parent configuration, this is the config object for the directory containing
the test suite, or None.
root The root configuration. This is the top-most lit configuration in the project.
pipefail Normally a test using a shell pipe fails if any of the commands on the pipe
fail. If this is not desired, setting this variable to false makes the test fail only
if the last command in the pipe fails.
available_features A set of features that can be used in XFAIL, REQUIRES, and
UNSUPPORTED directives.
TEST DISCOVERY
Once test suites are located, lit recursively traverses the source directory (following
test_source_root) looking for tests. When lit enters a sub-directory, it first checks to
see if a nested test suite is defined in that directory. If so, it loads that test suite
recursively, otherwise it instantiates a local test config for the directory (see LOCAL
CONFIGURATION FILES).
Tests are identified by the test suite they are contained within, and the relative path
inside that suite. Note that the relative path may not refer to an actual file on disk;
some test formats (such as GoogleTest) define “virtual tests” which have a path that
contains both the path to the actual test file and a subpath to identify the virtual test.
LOCAL CONFIGURATION FILES
When lit loads a subdirectory in a test suite, it instantiates a local test configuration
by cloning the configuration for the parent directory — the root of this configuration
chain will always be a test suite. Once the test configuration is cloned lit checks for a
lit.local.cfg file in the subdirectory. If present, this file will be loaded and can be
used to specialize the configuration for each individual directory. This facility can be
used to define subdirectories of optional tests, or to change other configuration
parameters — for example, to change the test format, or the suffixes which identify test
files.
SUBSTITUTIONS
lit allows patterns to be substituted inside RUN commands. It also provides the following
base set of substitutions, which are defined in TestRunner.py:
┌────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────┐
│Macro │ Substitution │
├────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│%s │ source path (path to the file │
│ │ currently being run) │
├────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│%S │ source dir (directory of the │
│ │ file currently being run) │
└────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────┘
│%p │ same as %S │
├────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│%{pathsep} │ path separator │
├────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│%{fs-src-root} │ root component of file system │
│ │ paths pointing to the LLVM │
│ │ checkout │
├────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│%{fs-tmp-root} │ root component of file system │
│ │ paths pointing to the test’s │
│ │ temporary directory │
├────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│%{fs-sep} │ file system path separator │
├────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│%t │ temporary file name unique to │
│ │ the test │
├────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│%basename_t │ The last path component of %t │
│ │ but without the .tmp extension │
├────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│%T │ parent directory of %t (not │
│ │ unique, deprecated, do not use) │
├────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│%% │ % │
├────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│%/s │ %s but \ is replaced by / │
├────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│%/S │ %S but \ is replaced by / │
├────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│%/p │ %p but \ is replaced by / │
├────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│%/t │ %t but \ is replaced by / │
├────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│%/T │ %T but \ is replaced by / │
├────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│%{/s:regex_replacement} │ %/s but escaped for use in the │
│ │ replacement of a s@@@ command in │
│ │ sed │
├────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│%{/S:regex_replacement} │ %/S but escaped for use in the │
│ │ replacement of a s@@@ command in │
│ │ sed │
├────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│%{/p:regex_replacement} │ %/p but escaped for use in the │
│ │ replacement of a s@@@ command in │
│ │ sed │
├────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│%{/t:regex_replacement} │ %/t but escaped for use in the │
│ │ replacement of a s@@@ command in │
│ │ sed │
├────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│%{/T:regex_replacement} │ %/T but escaped for use in the │
│ │ replacement of a s@@@ command in │
│ │ sed │
├────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│%:s │ On Windows, %/s but a : is │
│ │ removed if its the second │
│ │ character. Otherwise, %s but │
│ │ with a single leading / removed. │
├────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│%:S │ On Windows, %/S but a : is │
│ │ removed if its the second │
│ │ character. Otherwise, %S but │
│ │ with a single leading / removed. │
└────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────┘
│%:p │ On Windows, %/p but a : is │
│ │ removed if its the second │
│ │ character. Otherwise, %p but │
│ │ with a single leading / removed. │
├────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│%:t │ On Windows, %/t but a : is │
│ │ removed if its the second │
│ │ character. Otherwise, %t but │
│ │ with a single leading / removed. │
├────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│%:T │ On Windows, %/T but a : is │
│ │ removed if its the second │
│ │ character. Otherwise, %T but │
│ │ with a single leading / removed. │
└────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────┘
Other substitutions are provided that are variations on this base set and further
substitution patterns can be defined by each test module. See the modules LOCAL
CONFIGURATION FILES.
By default, substitutions are expanded exactly once, so that if e.g. a substitution %build
is defined in top of another substitution %cxx, %build will expand to %cxx textually, not
to what %cxx expands to. However, if the recursiveExpansionLimit property of the
TestingConfig is set to a non-negative integer, substitutions will be expanded recursively
until that limit is reached. It is an error if the limit is reached and expanding
substitutions again would yield a different result.
More detailed information on substitutions can be found in the LLVM Testing Infrastructure
Guide.
TEST RUN OUTPUT FORMAT
The lit output for a test run conforms to the following schema, in both short and verbose
modes (although in short mode no PASS lines will be shown). This schema has been chosen
to be relatively easy to reliably parse by a machine (for example in buildbot log
scraping), and for other tools to generate.
Each test result is expected to appear on a line that matches:
<result code>: <test name> (<progress info>)
where <result-code> is a standard test result such as PASS, FAIL, XFAIL, XPASS,
UNRESOLVED, or UNSUPPORTED. The performance result codes of IMPROVED and REGRESSED are
also allowed.
The <test name> field can consist of an arbitrary string containing no newline.
The <progress info> field can be used to report progress information such as (1/300) or
can be empty, but even when empty the parentheses are required.
Each test result may include additional (multiline) log information in the following
format:
<log delineator> TEST '(<test name>)' <trailing delineator>
... log message ...
<log delineator>
where <test name> should be the name of a preceding reported test, <log delineator> is a
string of “*” characters at least four characters long (the recommended length is 20), and
<trailing delineator> is an arbitrary (unparsed) string.
The following is an example of a test run output which consists of four tests A, B, C, and
D, and a log message for the failing test C:
PASS: A (1 of 4)
PASS: B (2 of 4)
FAIL: C (3 of 4)
******************** TEST 'C' FAILED ********************
Test 'C' failed as a result of exit code 1.
********************
PASS: D (4 of 4)
LIT EXAMPLE TESTS
The lit distribution contains several example implementations of test suites in the
ExampleTests directory.
SEE ALSO
valgrind(1)
AUTHOR
Maintained by the LLVM Team (https://llvm.org/).
COPYRIGHT
2003-2022, LLVM Project