Provided by: npm_8.18.0~ds1-1_all 
NAME
npm-install - Install a package
Synopsis
npm install [<package-spec> ...]
aliases: add, i, in, ins, inst, insta, instal, isnt, isnta, isntal, isntall
Description
This command installs a package and any packages that it depends on. If the package has a
package-lock, or an npm shrinkwrap file, or a yarn lock file, the installation of
dependencies will be driven by that, respecting the following order of precedence:
• npm-shrinkwrap.json
• package-lock.json
• yarn.lock
See npm help package-lock.json and npm help shrinkwrap.
A package is:
• a) a folder containing a program described by a npm help package.json file
• b) a gzipped tarball containing (a)
• c) a url that resolves to (b)
• d) a <name>@<version> that is published on the registry (see npm help registry) with (c)
• e) a <name>@<tag> (see npm help dist-tag) that points to (d)
• f) a <name> that has a "latest" tag satisfying (e)
• g) a <git remote url> that resolves to (a)
Even if you never publish your package, you can still get a lot of benefits of using npm
if you just want to write a node program (a), and perhaps if you also want to be able to
easily install it elsewhere after packing it up into a tarball (b).
• npm install (in a package directory, no arguments):
Install the dependencies to the local node_modules folder.
In global mode (ie, with -g or --global appended to the command),
it installs the current package context (ie, the current working
directory) as a global package.
By default, npm install will install all modules listed as
dependencies in npm help package.json.
With the --production flag (or when the NODE_ENV environment
variable is set to production), npm will not install modules listed
in devDependencies. To install all modules listed in both
dependencies and devDependencies when NODE_ENV environment
variable is set to production, you can use --production=false. NOTE: The --production
flag has no particular meaning when adding a
dependency to a project.
• npm install <folder>:
If <folder> sits inside the root of your project, its dependencies will be installed
and may
be hoisted to the top-level node_modules as they would for other
types of dependencies. If <folder> sits outside the root of your project,
npm will not install the package dependencies in the directory <folder>,
but it will create a symlink to <folder>. NOTE: If you want to install the content of
a directory like a package from the registry instead of creating a link, you would need
to use the --install-links option.
Example:
npm install ../../other-package --install-links
npm install ./sub-package
• npm install <tarball file>:
Install a package that is sitting on the filesystem. Note: if you just
want to link a dev directory into your npm root, you can do this more
easily by using npm help link.
Tarball requirements:
• The filename must use .tar, .tar.gz, or .tgz as the extension.
• The package contents should reside in a subfolder inside the tarball (usually it is
called package/). npm strips one directory layer when installing the package (an
equivalent of tar x --strip-components=1 is run).
• The package must contain a package.json file with name and version properties.
Example:
npm install ./package.tgz
• npm install <tarball url>:
Fetch the tarball url, and then install it. In order to distinguish between
this and other options, the argument must start with "http://" or "https://"
Example:
npm install https://github.com/indexzero/forever/tarball/v0.5.6
• npm install [<@scope>/]<name>:
Do a <name>@<tag> install, where <tag> is the "tag" config. (See
npm help config. The config's default value is latest.)
In most cases, this will install the version of the modules tagged as
latest on the npm registry.
Example:
npm install sax
npm install saves any specified packages into dependencies by default.
Additionally, you can control where and how they get saved with some
additional flags:
• -P, --save-prod: Package will appear in your dependencies. This is the default
unless -D or -O are present.
• -D, --save-dev: Package will appear in your devDependencies.
• -O, --save-optional: Package will appear in your optionalDependencies.
• --no-save: Prevents saving to dependencies. When using any of the above options
to save dependencies to your package.json, there are two additional, optional
flags:
• -E, --save-exact: Saved dependencies will be configured with an exact version
rather than using npm's default semver range operator.
• -B, --save-bundle: Saved dependencies will also be added to your
bundleDependencies list. Further, if you have an npm-shrinkwrap.json or
package-lock.json then it will be updated as well. <scope> is optional. The
package will be downloaded from the registry associated with the specified scope.
If no registry is associated with the given scope the default registry is
assumed. See npm help scope. Note: if you do not include the @-symbol on your
scope name, npm will interpret this as a GitHub repository instead, see below.
Scopes names must also be followed by a slash. Examples:
npm install sax
npm install githubname/reponame
npm install @myorg/privatepackage
npm install node-tap --save-dev
npm install dtrace-provider --save-optional
npm install readable-stream --save-exact
npm install ansi-regex --save-bundle
• Note*: If there is a file or folder named <name> in the current working
directory, then it will try to install that, and only try to fetch the package by
name if it is not valid.
• npm install <alias>@npm:<name>:
Install a package under a custom alias. Allows multiple versions of
a same-name package side-by-side, more convenient import names for
packages with otherwise long ones, and using git forks replacements
or forked npm packages as replacements. Aliasing works only on your
project and does not rename packages in transitive dependencies.
Aliases should follow the naming conventions stated in
validate-npm-package-name
https://www.npmjs.com/package/validate-npm-package-name#naming-rules.
Examples:
npm install my-react@npm:react
npm install jquery2@npm:jquery@2
npm install jquery3@npm:jquery@3
npm install npa@npm:npm-package-arg
• npm install [<@scope>/]<name>@<tag>:
Install the version of the package that is referenced by the specified tag.
If the tag does not exist in the registry data for that package, then this
will fail.
Example:
npm install sax@latest
npm install @myorg/mypackage@latest
• npm install [<@scope>/]<name>@<version>:
Install the specified version of the package. This will fail if the
version has not been published to the registry.
Example:
npm install sax@0.1.1
npm install @myorg/privatepackage@1.5.0
• npm install [<@scope>/]<name>@<version range>:
Install a version of the package matching the specified version range.
This will follow the same rules for resolving dependencies described in
npm help package.json.
Note that most version ranges must be put in quotes so that your shell
will treat it as a single argument.
Example:
npm install sax@">=0.1.0 <0.2.0"
npm install @myorg/privatepackage@"16 - 17"
• npm install <git remote url>:
Installs the package from the hosted git provider, cloning it with
git. For a full git remote url, only that URL will be attempted.
<protocol>://[<user>[:<password>]@]<hostname>[:<port>][:][/]<path>[#<commit-ish> | #semver:<semver>]
<protocol> is one of git, git+ssh, git+http, git+https, or
git+file.
If #<commit-ish> is provided, it will be used to clone exactly that
commit. If the commit-ish has the format #semver:<semver>, <semver>
can be any valid semver range or exact version, and npm will look for
any tags or refs matching that range in the remote repository, much as
it would for a registry dependency. If neither #<commit-ish> or
#semver:<semver> is specified, then the default branch of the
repository is used.
If the repository makes use of submodules, those submodules will be
cloned as well.
If the package being installed contains a prepare script, its
dependencies and devDependencies will be installed, and the prepare
script will be run, before the package is packaged and installed.
The following git environment variables are recognized by npm and will
be added to the environment when running git:
• GIT_ASKPASS
• GIT_EXEC_PATH
• GIT_PROXY_COMMAND
• GIT_SSH
• GIT_SSH_COMMAND
• GIT_SSL_CAINFO
• GIT_SSL_NO_VERIFY See the git man page for details. Examples:
npm install git+ssh://git@github.com:npm/cli.git#v1.0.27
npm install git+ssh://git@github.com:npm/cli#pull/273
npm install git+ssh://git@github.com:npm/cli#semver:^5.0
npm install git+https://isaacs@github.com/npm/cli.git
npm install git://github.com/npm/cli.git#v1.0.27
GIT_SSH_COMMAND='ssh -i ~/.ssh/custom_ident' npm install git+ssh://git@github.com:npm/cli.git
• npm install <githubname>/<githubrepo>[#<commit-ish>]:
• npm install github:<githubname>/<githubrepo>[#<commit-ish>]:
Install the package at https://github.com/githubname/githubrepo by
attempting to clone it using git.
If #<commit-ish> is provided, it will be used to clone exactly that
commit. If the commit-ish has the format #semver:<semver>, <semver>
can be any valid semver range or exact version, and npm will look for
any tags or refs matching that range in the remote repository, much as
it would for a registry dependency. If neither #<commit-ish> or
#semver:<semver> is specified, then the default branch is used.
As with regular git dependencies, dependencies and devDependencies
will be installed if the package has a prepare script before the
package is done installing.
Examples:
npm install mygithubuser/myproject
npm install github:mygithubuser/myproject
• npm install gist:[<githubname>/]<gistID>[#<commit-ish>|#semver:<semver>]:
Install the package at https://gist.github.com/gistID by attempting to
clone it using git. The GitHub username associated with the gist is
optional and will not be saved in package.json.
As with regular git dependencies, dependencies and devDependencies will
be installed if the package has a prepare script before the package is
done installing.
Example:
npm install gist:101a11beef
• npm install bitbucket:<bitbucketname>/<bitbucketrepo>[#<commit-ish>]:
Install the package at https://bitbucket.org/bitbucketname/bitbucketrepo
by attempting to clone it using git.
If #<commit-ish> is provided, it will be used to clone exactly that
commit. If the commit-ish has the format #semver:<semver>, <semver> can
be any valid semver range or exact version, and npm will look for any tags
or refs matching that range in the remote repository, much as it would for a
registry dependency. If neither #<commit-ish> or #semver:<semver> is
specified, then master is used.
As with regular git dependencies, dependencies and devDependencies will
be installed if the package has a prepare script before the package is
done installing.
Example:
npm install bitbucket:mybitbucketuser/myproject
• npm install gitlab:<gitlabname>/<gitlabrepo>[#<commit-ish>]:
Install the package at https://gitlab.com/gitlabname/gitlabrepo
by attempting to clone it using git.
If #<commit-ish> is provided, it will be used to clone exactly that
commit. If the commit-ish has the format #semver:<semver>, <semver> can
be any valid semver range or exact version, and npm will look for any tags
or refs matching that range in the remote repository, much as it would for a
registry dependency. If neither #<commit-ish> or #semver:<semver> is
specified, then master is used.
As with regular git dependencies, dependencies and devDependencies will
be installed if the package has a prepare script before the package is
done installing.
Example:
npm install gitlab:mygitlabuser/myproject
npm install gitlab:myusr/myproj#semver:^5.0
You may combine multiple arguments and even multiple types of arguments. For example:
npm install sax@">=0.1.0 <0.2.0" bench supervisor
The --tag argument will apply to all of the specified install targets. If a tag with the
given name exists, the tagged version is preferred over newer versions.
The --dry-run argument will report in the usual way what the install would have done
without actually installing anything.
The --package-lock-only argument will only update the package-lock.json, instead of
checking node_modules and downloading dependencies.
The -f or --force argument will force npm to fetch remote resources even if a local copy
exists on disk.
npm install sax --force
Configuration
See the npm help config help doc. Many of the configuration params have some effect on
installation, since that's most of what npm does.
These are some of the most common options related to installation.
save
• Default: true unless when using npm update where it defaults to false
• Type: Boolean
Save installed packages to a package.json file as dependencies.
When used with the npm rm command, removes the dependency from package.json.
Will also prevent writing to package-lock.json if set to false.
save-exact
• Default: false
• Type: Boolean
Dependencies saved to package.json will be configured with an exact version rather than
using npm's default semver range operator.
global
• Default: false
• Type: Boolean
Operates in "global" mode, so that packages are installed into the prefix folder instead
of the current working directory. See npm help folders for more on the differences in
behavior.
• packages are installed into the {prefix}/lib/node_modules folder, instead of the current
working directory.
• bin files are linked to {prefix}/bin
• man pages are linked to {prefix}/share/man
global-style
• Default: false
• Type: Boolean
Causes npm to install the package into your local node_modules folder with the same layout
it uses with the global node_modules folder. Only your direct dependencies will show in
node_modules and everything they depend on will be flattened in their node_modules
folders. This obviously will eliminate some deduping. If used with legacy-bundling,
legacy-bundling will be preferred.
legacy-bundling
• Default: false
• Type: Boolean
Causes npm to install the package such that versions of npm prior to 1.4, such as the one
included with node 0.8, can install the package. This eliminates all automatic deduping.
If used with global-style this option will be preferred.
omit
• Default: 'dev' if the NODE_ENV environment variable is set to 'production', otherwise
empty.
• Type: "dev", "optional", or "peer" (can be set multiple times)
Dependency types to omit from the installation tree on disk.
Note that these dependencies are still resolved and added to the package-lock.json or
npm-shrinkwrap.json file. They are just not physically installed on disk.
If a package type appears in both the --include and --omit lists, then it will be
included.
If the resulting omit list includes 'dev', then the NODE_ENV environment variable will be
set to 'production' for all lifecycle scripts.
strict-peer-deps
• Default: false
• Type: Boolean
If set to true, and --legacy-peer-deps is not set, then any conflicting peerDependencies
will be treated as an install failure, even if npm could reasonably guess the appropriate
resolution based on non-peer dependency relationships.
By default, conflicting peerDependencies deep in the dependency graph will be resolved
using the nearest non-peer dependency specification, even if doing so will result in some
packages receiving a peer dependency outside the range set in their package's
peerDependencies object.
When such and override is performed, a warning is printed, explaining the conflict and the
packages involved. If --strict-peer-deps is set, then this warning is treated as a
failure.
package-lock
• Default: true
• Type: Boolean
If set to false, then ignore package-lock.json files when installing. This will also
prevent writing package-lock.json if save is true.
This configuration does not affect npm ci.
foreground-scripts
• Default: false
• Type: Boolean
Run all build scripts (ie, preinstall, install, and postinstall) scripts for installed
packages in the foreground process, sharing standard input, output, and error with the
main npm process.
Note that this will generally make installs run slower, and be much noisier, but can be
useful for debugging.
ignore-scripts
• Default: false
• Type: Boolean
If true, npm does not run scripts specified in package.json files.
Note that commands explicitly intended to run a particular script, such as npm start, npm
stop, npm restart, npm test, and npm run-script will still run their intended script if
ignore-scripts is set, but they will not run any pre- or post-scripts.
audit
• Default: true
• Type: Boolean
When "true" submit audit reports alongside the current npm command to the default registry
and all registries configured for scopes. See the documentation for npm help audit for
details on what is submitted.
bin-links
• Default: true
• Type: Boolean
Tells npm to create symlinks (or .cmd shims on Windows) for package executables.
Set to false to have it not do this. This can be used to work around the fact that some
file systems don't support symlinks, even on ostensibly Unix systems.
fund
• Default: true
• Type: Boolean
When "true" displays the message at the end of each npm install acknowledging the number
of dependencies looking for funding. See npm help npm fund for details.
dry-run
• Default: false
• Type: Boolean
Indicates that you don't want npm to make any changes and that it should only report what
it would have done. This can be passed into any of the commands that modify your local
installation, eg, install, update, dedupe, uninstall, as well as pack and publish.
Note: This is NOT honored by other network related commands, eg dist-tags, owner, etc.
workspace
• Default:
• Type: String (can be set multiple times)
Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current
project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration
option.
Valid values for the workspace config are either:
• Workspace names
• Path to a workspace directory
• Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within
that folder)
When set for the npm init command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does
not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the
project.
This value is not exported to the environment for child processes.
workspaces
• Default: null
• Type: null or Boolean
Set to true to run the command in the context of all configured workspaces.
Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like install to ignore workspaces
altogether. When not set explicitly:
• Commands that operate on the node_modules tree (install, update, etc.) will link
workspaces into the node_modules folder. - Commands that do other things (test, exec,
publish, etc.) will operate on the root project, unless one or more workspaces are
specified in the workspace config.
This value is not exported to the environment for child processes.
include-workspace-root
• Default: false
• Type: Boolean
Include the workspace root when workspaces are enabled for a command.
When false, specifying individual workspaces via the workspace config, or all workspaces
via the workspaces flag, will cause npm to operate only on the specified workspaces, and
not on the root project.
This value is not exported to the environment for child processes.
install-links
• Default: false
• Type: Boolean
When set file: protocol dependencies that exist outside of the project root will be packed
and installed as regular dependencies instead of creating a symlink. This option has no
effect on workspaces.
Algorithm
Given a package{dep} structure: A{B,C}, B{C}, C{D}, the npm install algorithm produces:
A
+-- B
+-- C
+-- D
That is, the dependency from B to C is satisfied by the fact that A already caused C to be
installed at a higher level. D is still installed at the top level because nothing
conflicts with it.
For A{B,C}, B{C,D@1}, C{D@2}, this algorithm produces:
A
+-- B
+-- C
`-- D@2
+-- D@1
Because B's D@1 will be installed in the top-level, C now has to install D@2 privately for
itself. This algorithm is deterministic, but different trees may be produced if two
dependencies are requested for installation in a different order.
See npm help folders for a more detailed description of the specific folder structures
that npm creates.
See Also
• npm help folders
• npm help update
• npm help audit
• npm help fund
• npm help link
• npm help rebuild
• npm help scripts
• npm help config
• npm help npmrc
• npm help registry
• npm help dist-tag
• npm help uninstall
• npm help shrinkwrap
• npm help package.json
• npm help workspaces
undefined NaN NPM-INSTALL(1)