Provided by: x11-apps_7.7+9_amd64 bug

NAME

       xcalc - scientific calculator for X

SYNOPSIS

       xcalc [-stipple] [-rpn] [-toolkitoption...]

DESCRIPTION

       xcalc is a scientific calculator desktop accessory that can emulate a TI-30 or an HP-10C.

OPTIONS

       xcalc  accepts  all of the standard toolkit command line options along with two additional
       options:

       -stipple
               This option indicates that the background of the calculator should be drawn  using
               a  stipple  of  the  foreground  and  background  colors.   On monochrome displays
               improves the appearance.

       -rpn    This option indicates that Reverse Polish Notation should be used.  In  this  mode
               the  calculator  will  look and behave like an HP-10C.  Without this flag, it will
               emulate a TI-30.

OPERATION

       Pointer Usage: Operations may be performed with pointer button 1, or in some  cases,  with
       the  keyboard.   Many  common  calculator operations have keyboard accelerators.  To quit,
       press pointer button 3 on the AC key of the TI  calculator,  or  the  ON  key  of  the  HP
       calculator.

       Calculator  Key Usage (TI mode): The numbered keys, the +/- key, and the +, -, *, /, and =
       keys all do exactly what you would expect them to.  It should be noted that the  operators
       obey the standard rules of precedence.  Thus, entering "3+4*5=" results in "23", not "35".
       The parentheses can be used to override this.  For example, "(1+2+3)*(4+5+6)=" results  in
       "6*15=90".

       The  entire number in the calculator display can be selected, in order to paste the result
       of a calculation into text.

       The action procedures associated with each function are given below.  These are useful  if
       you are interested in defining a custom calculator.  The action used for all digit keys is
       digit(n), where n is the corresponding digit, 0..9.

       1/x       Replaces the number in the  display  with  its  reciprocal.   The  corresponding
                 action procedure is reciprocal().

       x^2       Squares  the  number  in  the  display.   The  corresponding action procedure is
                 square().

       SQRT      Takes the square root of the number in the display.   The  corresponding  action
                 procedure is squareRoot().

       CE/C      When  pressed  once, clears the number in the display without clearing the state
                 of the machine.  Allows you  to  re-enter  a  number  if  you  make  a  mistake.
                 Pressing  it  twice  clears the state, also.  The corresponding action procedure
                 for TI mode is clear().

       AC        Clears the display, the state, and the  memory.   Pressing  it  with  the  third
                 pointer  button  turns  off  the  calculator, in that it exits the program.  The
                 action procedure to clear the state is off(); to quit, quit().

       INV       Invert  function.   See  the  individual  function  keys   for   details.    The
                 corresponding action procedure is inverse().

       sin       Computes  the  sine  of the number in the display, as interpreted by the current
                 DRG mode  (see  DRG,  below).   If  inverted,  it  computes  the  arcsine.   The
                 corresponding action procedure is sine().

       cos       Computes  the  cosine,  or  arccosine  when  inverted.  The corresponding action
                 procedure is cosine().

       tan       Computes the tangent, or arctangent when  inverted.   The  corresponding  action
                 procedure is tangent().

       DRG       Changes  the  DRG mode, as indicated by 'DEG', 'RAD', or 'GRAD' at the bottom of
                 the calculator ``liquid crystal'' display.  When in 'DEG' mode, numbers  in  the
                 display  are taken as being degrees.  In 'RAD' mode, numbers are in radians, and
                 in 'GRAD' mode, numbers are in grads.  When inverted, the DRG key has a  feature
                 of  converting  degrees  to  radians to grads and vice-versa.  Example:  put the
                 calculator into 'DEG' mode, and enter "45 INV DRG".  The display should now show
                 something  along  the  lines  of  ".785398",  which  is  45 degrees converted to
                 radians.  The corresponding action procedure is degree().

       e         The constant 'e'.  (2.7182818...).  The corresponding action procedure is e().

       EE        Used for entering exponential numbers.  For  example,  to  get  "-2.3E-4"  you'd
                 enter "2 . 3 +/- EE 4 +/-".  The corresponding action procedure is scientific().

       log       Calculates  the  log  (base 10) of the number in the display.  When inverted, it
                 raises "10.0" to the number in the display.  For example, entering "3  INV  log"
                 should result in "1000".  The corresponding action procedure is logarithm().

       ln        Calculates  the  log  (base  e) of the number in the display.  When inverted, it
                 raises "e" to the number in the display.  For example, entering  "e  ln"  should
                 result in "1".  The corresponding action procedure is naturalLog().

       y^x       Raises  the  number  on  the  left to the power of the number on the right.  For
                 example "2 y^x 3 =" results in "8",  which  is  2^3.   For  a  further  example,
                 "(1+2+3)  y^x  (1+2)  =" equals "6 y^x 3" which equals "216".  The corresponding
                 action procedure is power().

       not       Performs a bitwise not.  The corresponding action procedure is not().

       and       Performs a bitwise and.  The corresponding action procedure is and().

       or        Performs a bitwise or.  The corresponding action procedure is or().

       xor       Performs a bitwise exclusive or.  The corresponding action procedure is xor().

       trunc     Truncates the number in the display to an  integer.   The  corresponding  action
                 procedure is trunc().

       PI        The constant 'pi'.  (3.1415927....)  The corresponding action procedure is pi().

       x!        Computes  the factorial of the number in the display.  The number in the display
                 must be an integer in the range 0-500, though, depending on your  math  library,
                 it  might  overflow  long  before  that.   The corresponding action procedure is
                 factorial().

       (         Left parenthesis.  The corresponding action  procedure  for  TI  calculators  is
                 leftParen().

       )         Right  parenthesis.   The  corresponding  action procedure for TI calculators is
                 rightParen().

       base      Changes the number base, as indicated by 'DEC', 'HEX, or 'OCT' at the bottom  of
                 the calculator display.  When in 'DEC' mode, numbers in the display are taken as
                 being decimal (base 10).  In 'HEX' mode, numbers are in hexadecimal  (base  16),
                 and  in  'OCT'  mode,  numbers  are in octal (base 8).  The corresponding action
                 procedure is base().

       shl       Performs an arithmetic bitwise shift left,  For  example,  entering  "1  shl  2"
                 should result in "4".  The corresponding action procedure is shl().

       shr       Performs  an  arithmetic  bitwise  shift right,  For example, entering "8 shr 1"
                 should result in "4".  The corresponding action procedure is shr().

       mod       Performs the modulo operation, which calculates the remainder when dividing  the
                 first  number  by the second.  For example, entering "14 mod 8" should result in
                 "6".  The corresponding action procedure is mod().

       /         Division.  The corresponding action procedure is divide().

       *         Multiplication.  The corresponding action procedure is multiply().

       -         Subtraction.  The corresponding action procedure is subtract().

       +         Addition.  The corresponding action procedure is add().

       =         Perform calculation.  The TI-specific action procedure is equal().

       STO       Copies the number in the display to  the  memory  location.   The  corresponding
                 action procedure is store().

       RCL       Copies  the  number  from the memory location to the display.  The corresponding
                 action procedure is recall().

       SUM       Adds the number in the display to  the  number  in  the  memory  location.   The
                 corresponding action procedure is sum().

       EXC       Swaps  the  number  in  the display with the number in the memory location.  The
                 corresponding action procedure for the TI calculator is exchange().

       +/-       Negate; change sign.  The corresponding action procedure is negate().

       .         Decimal point.  The action procedure is decimal().

       Calculator Key Usage (RPN mode): The number keys, CHS (change sign), +, -, *, /, and  ENTR
       keys  all do exactly what you would expect them to do.  Many of the remaining keys are the
       same as in TI mode.  The differences are detailed below.  The  action  procedure  for  the
       ENTR key is enter().

       <-        This  is a backspace key that can be used if you make a mistake while entering a
                 number.  It will erase digits from the display.  (See BUGS).  Inverse  backspace
                 will clear the X register.  The corresponding action procedure is back().

       ON        Clears  the  display,  the  state,  and  the memory.  Pressing it with the third
                 pointer button turns off the calculator, in that it exits the program.  To clear
                 state, the action procedure is off; to quit, quit().

       INV       Inverts  the  meaning  of  the function keys.  This would be the  f key on an HP
                 calculator, but xcalc does not display multiple legends on each  key.   See  the
                 individual function keys for details.

       10^x      Raises  "10.0"  to  the  number  in  the  top  of  the stack.  When inverted, it
                 calculates the log (base 10) of the number in the  display.   The  corresponding
                 action procedure is tenpower().

       e^x       Raises  "e" to the number in the top of the stack.  When inverted, it calculates
                 the log (base e) of  the  number  in  the  display.   The  action  procedure  is
                 epower().

       STO       Copies  the  number  in the top of the stack to a memory location.  There are 10
                 memory locations.  The desired memory is specified by following this key with  a
                 digit key.

       RCL       Pushes the number from the specified memory location onto the stack.

       SUM       Adds  the  number  on  top  of  the  stack to the number in the specified memory
                 location.

       x:y       Exchanges the numbers in the top two stack positions, the  X  and  Y  registers.
                 The corresponding action procedure is XexchangeY().

       R v       Rolls  the  stack  downward.   When  inverted,  it  rolls the stack upward.  The
                 corresponding action procedure is roll().

       blank     These  keys  were  used  for  programming  functions  on  the   HP-10C.    Their
                 functionality has not been duplicated in xcalc.

       Finally,  there  are  two  additional action procedures: bell(), which rings the bell; and
       selection(), which performs a cut on  the  entire  number  in  the  calculator's  ``liquid
       crystal'' display.

ACCELERATORS

       Accelerators  are  shortcuts  for  entering commands.  xcalc provides some sample keyboard
       accelerators; also users can customize  accelerators.   The  numeric  keypad  accelerators
       provided by xcalc should be intuitively correct.  The accelerators defined by xcalc on the
       main keyboard are given below:

       TI Key   HP Key   Keyboard Accelerator   TI Function    HP Function
       ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       SQRT     SQRT     r                      squareRoot()   squareRoot()
       AC       ON       space                  clear()        clear()
       AC       <-       Delete                 clear()        back()
       AC       <-       Backspace              clear()        back()
       AC       <-       Control-H              clear()        back()
       AC                Clear                  clear()
       AC       ON       q                      quit()         quit()
       AC       ON       Control-C              quit()         quit()

       INV      i        i                      inverse()      inverse()
       sin      s        s                      sine()         sine()
       cos      c        c                      cosine()       cosine()
       tan      t        t                      tangent()      tangent()
       DRG      DRG      d                      degree()       degree()

       e                 e                      e()
       ln       ln       l                      naturalLog()   naturalLog()
       y^x      y^x      ^                      power()        power()

       PI       PI       p                      pi()           pi()
       x!       x!       !                      factorial()    factorial()
       (                 (                      leftParen()
       )                 )                      rightParen()

       /        /        /                      divide()       divide()
       *        *        *                      multiply()     multiply()
       -        -        -                      subtract()     subtract()
       +        +        +                      add()          add()
       =                 =                      equal()

       0..9     0..9     0..9                   digit()        digit()
       +/-      CHS      n                      negate()       negate()

                x:y      x                                     XexchangeY()
                ENTR     Return                                enter()
                ENTR     Linefeed                              enter()

CUSTOMIZATION

       The application class name is XCalc.

       xcalc has an enormous application defaults file which specifies the position,  label,  and
       function  of  each key on the calculator.  It also gives translations to serve as keyboard
       accelerators.  Because these resources are not specified  in  the  source  code,  you  can
       create  a  customized calculator by writing a private application defaults file, using the
       Athena Command and Form widget resources to specify the size and position of buttons,  the
       label for each button, and the function of each button.

       The foreground and background colors of each calculator key can be individually specified.
       For the TI calculator, a classical color resource specification might be:

       XCalc.ti.Command.background:          gray50
       XCalc.ti.Command.foreground:          white

       For each of buttons 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40, specify:
       XCalc.ti.button20.background:         black
       XCalc.ti.button20.foreground:         white

       For each of buttons 22, 23, 24, 27, 28, 29, 32, 33, 34, 37, 38, and 39:
       XCalc.ti.button22.background:         white
       XCalc.ti.button22.foreground:         black

WIDGET HIERARCHY

       In order to specify resources, it is useful to know the hierarchy  of  the  widgets  which
       compose  xcalc.  In the notation below, indentation indicates hierarchical structure.  The
       widget class name is given first, followed by the widget instance name.
       XCalc xcalc
               Form  ti  or  hp    (the name depends on the mode)
                       Form  bevel
                               Form  screen
                                       Label  M
                                       Toggle  LCD
                                       Label  INV
                                       Label  DEG
                                       Label  RAD
                                       Label  GRAD
                                       Label  P
                       Command  button1
                       Command  button2
                       Command  button3
       and so on, ...
                       Command  button38
                       Command  button39
                       Command  button40

APPLICATION RESOURCES

       rpn (Class Rpn)
               Specifies that the rpn mode should be used.  The default is TI mode.

       stipple (Class Stipple)
               Indicates that the background should be  stippled.   The  default  is  ``on''  for
               monochrome displays, and ``off'' for color displays.

       cursor (Class Cursor)
               The name of the symbol used to represent the pointer.  The default is ``hand2''.

COLORS

       If  you  would  like xcalc to use its ti colors, include the following in the #ifdef COLOR
       section of the file you read with xrdb:

       *customization:                 -color

       This will cause xcalc to pick up the colors in the app-defaults color customization  file:
       /etc/X11/app-defaults/XCalc-color.

SEE ALSO

       X(7), xrdb(1), the Athena Widget Set

BUGS

       HP  mode  is  not  completely  debugged.  In particular, the stack is not handled properly
       after errors.

AUTHORS

       John Bradley, University of Pennsylvania
       Mark Rosenstein, MIT Project Athena
       Donna Converse, MIT X Consortium