Provided by: libcgi-ajax-perl_0.707-3_all bug

NAME

       CGI::Ajax - a perl-specific system for writing Asynchronous web applications

SYNOPSIS

         use strict;
         use CGI;      # or any other CGI:: form handler/decoder
         use CGI::Ajax;

         my $cgi = new CGI;
         my $pjx = new CGI::Ajax( 'exported_func' => \&perl_func );
         print $pjx->build_html( $cgi, \&Show_HTML);

         sub perl_func {
           my $input = shift;
           # do something with $input
           my $output = $input . " was the input!";
           return( $output );
         }

         sub Show_HTML {
           my $html = <<EOHTML;
           <HTML>
           <BODY>
             Enter something:
               <input type="text" name="val1" id="val1"
                onkeyup="exported_func( ['val1'], ['resultdiv'] );">
             <br>
             <div id="resultdiv"></div>
           </BODY>
           </HTML>
         EOHTML
           return $html;
         }

       When you use CGI::Ajax within Applications that send their own header information, you can
       skip the header:

         my $pjx = new CGI::Ajax(
           'exported_func' => \&perl_func,
           'skip_header'   => 1,
         );
         $pjx->skip_header(1);

         print $pjx->build_html( $cgi, \&Show_HTML);

       There are several fully-functional examples in the 'scripts/' directory of the
       distribution.

DESCRIPTION

       CGI::Ajax is an object-oriented module that provides a unique mechanism for using perl
       code asynchronously from javascript- enhanced HTML pages.  CGI::Ajax unburdens the user
       from having to write extensive javascript, except for associating an exported method with
       a document-defined event (such as onClick, onKeyUp, etc).  CGI::Ajax also mixes well with
       HTML containing more complex javascript.

       CGI::Ajax supports methods that return single results or multiple results to the web page,
       and supports returning values to multiple DIV elements on the HTML page.

       Using CGI::Ajax, the URL for the HTTP GET/POST request is automatically generated based on
       HTML layout and events, and the page is then dynamically updated with the output from the
       perl function.  Additionally, CGI::Ajax supports mapping URL's to a CGI::Ajax function
       name, so you can separate your code processing over multiple scripts.

       Other than using the Class::Accessor module to generate CGI::Ajax' accessor methods,
       CGI::Ajax is completely self-contained - it does not require you to install a larger
       package or a full Content Management System, etc.

       We have added support for other CGI handler/decoder modules, like CGI::Simple or
       CGI::Minimal, but we can't test these since we run mod_perl2 only here.  CGI::Ajax checks
       to see if a header() method is available to the CGI object, and then uses it.  If method()
       isn't available, it creates it's own minimal header.

       A primary goal of CGI::Ajax is to keep the module streamlined and maximally flexible.  We
       are trying to keep the generated javascript code to a minimum, but still provide users
       with a variety of methods for deploying CGI::Ajax. And VERY little user javascript.

EXAMPLES

       The CGI::Ajax module allows a Perl subroutine to be called asynchronously, when triggered
       from a javascript event on the HTML page.  To do this, the subroutine must be registered,
       usually done during:

         my $pjx = new CGI::Ajax( 'JSFUNC' => \&PERLFUNC );

       This maps a perl subroutine (PERLFUNC) to an automatically generated Javascript function
       (JSFUNC).  Next you setup a trigger this function when an event occurs (e.g. "onClick"):

         onClick="JSFUNC(['source1','source2'], ['dest1','dest2']);"

       where 'source1', 'dest1', 'source2', 'dest2' are the DIV ids of HTML elements in your
       page...

         <input type=text id=source1>
         <input type=text id=source2>
         <div id=dest1></div>
         <div id=dest2></div>

       CGI::Ajax sends the values from source1 and source2 to your Perl subroutine and returns
       the results to dest1 and dest2.

   4 Usage Methods
       1 Standard CGI::Ajax example
           Start by defining a perl subroutine that you want available from javascript.  In this
           case we'll define a subrouting that determines whether or not an input is odd, even,
           or not a number (NaN):

             use strict;
             use CGI::Ajax;
             use CGI;

             sub evenodd_func {
               my $input = shift;

               # see if input is defined
               if ( not defined $input ) {
                 return("input not defined or NaN");
               }

               # see if value is a number (*thanks Randall!*)
               if ( $input !~ /\A\d+\z/ ) {
                 return("input is NaN");
               }

               # got a number, so mod by 2
               $input % 2 == 0 ? return("EVEN") : return("ODD");
             }

           Alternatively, we could have used coderefs to associate an exported name...

             my $evenodd_func = sub {
               # exactly the same as in the above subroutine
             };

           Next we define a function to generate the web page - this can be done many different
           ways, and can also be defined as an anonymous sub.  The only requirement is that the
           sub send back the html of the page.  You can do this via a string containing the html,
           or from a coderef that returns the html, or from a function (as shown here)...

             sub Show_HTML {
               my $html = <<EOT;
             <HTML>
             <HEAD><title>CGI::Ajax Example</title>
             </HEAD>
             <BODY>
               Enter a number:&nbsp;
               <input type="text" name="somename" id="val1" size="6"
                  OnKeyUp="evenodd( ['val1'], ['resultdiv'] );">
               <br>
               <hr>
               <div id="resultdiv">
               </div>
             </BODY>
             </HTML>
           EOT
               return $html;
             }

           The exported Perl subrouting is triggered using the "OnKeyUp" event handler of the
           input HTML element.  The subroutine takes one value from the form, the input element
           'val1', and returns the the result to an HTML div element with an id of 'resultdiv'.
           Sending in the input id in an array format is required to support multiple inputs, and
           similarly, to output multiple the results, you can use an array for the output divs,
           but this isn't mandatory - as will be explained in the Advanced usage.

           Now create a CGI object and a CGI::Ajax object, associating a reference to our
           subroutine with the name we want available to javascript.

             my $cgi = new CGI();
             my $pjx = new CGI::Ajax( 'evenodd' => \&evenodd_func );

           And if we used a coderef, it would look like this...

             my $pjx = new CGI::Ajax( 'evenodd' => $evenodd_func );

           Now we're ready to print the output page; we send in the cgi object and the HTML-
           generating function.

             print $pjx->build_html($cgi,\&Show_HTML);

           CGI::Ajax has support for passing in extra HTML header information to the CGI object.
           This can be accomplished by adding a third argument to the build_html() call.  The
           argument needs to be a hashref containing Key=>value pairs that CGI objects
           understand:

             print $pjx->build_html($cgi,\&Show_HTML,
               {-charset=>'UTF-8, -expires=>'-1d'});

           See CGI for more header() method options.  (CGI.pm, not the Perl6 CGI)

           That's it for the CGI::Ajax standard method.  Let's look at something more advanced.

       2 Advanced CGI::Ajax example
           Let's say we wanted to have a perl subroutine process multiple values from the HTML
           page, and similarly return multiple values back to distinct divs on the page.  This is
           easy to do, and requires no changes to the perl code - you just create it as you would
           any perl subroutine that works with multiple input values and returns multiple values.
           The significant change happens in the event handler javascript in the HTML...

             onClick="exported_func(['input1','input2'],['result1','result2']);"

           Here we associate our javascript function ("exported_func") with two HTML element ids
           ('input1','input2'), and also send in two HTML element ids to place the results in
           ('result1','result2').

       3 Sending Perl Subroutine Output to a Javascript function
           Occassionally, you might want to have a custom javascript function process the
           returned information from your Perl subroutine.  This is possible, and the only
           requierment is that you change your event handler code...

             onClick="exported_func(['input1'],[js_process_func]);"

           In this scenario, "js_process_func" is a javascript function you write to take the
           returned value from your Perl subroutine and process the results.  Note that a
           javascript function is not quoted -- if it were, then CGI::Ajax would look for a HTML
           element with that id.  Beware that with this usage, you are responsible for
           distributing the results to the appropriate place on the HTML page.  If the exported
           Perl subroutine returns, e.g. 2 values, then "js_process_func" would need to process
           the input by working through an array, or using the javascript Function "arguments"
           object.

             function js_process_func() {
               var input1 = arguments[0]
               var input2 = arguments[1];
               // do something and return results, or set HTML divs using
               // innerHTML
               document.getElementById('outputdiv').innerHTML = input1;
             }

       4 URL/Outside Script CGI::Ajax example
           There are times when you may want a different script to return content to your page.
           This could be because you have an existing script already written to perform a
           particular task, or you want to distribute a part of your application to another
           script.  This can be accomplished in CGI::Ajax by using a URL in place of a locally-
           defined Perl subroutine.  In this usage, you alter you creation of the CGI::Ajax
           object to link an exported javascript function name to a local URL instead of a
           coderef or a subroutine.

             my $url = 'scripts/other_script.pl';
             my $pjx = new CGI::Ajax( 'external' => $url );

           This will work as before in terms of how it is called from you event handler:

             onClick="external(['input1','input2'],['resultdiv']);"

           The other_script.pl will get the values via a CGI object and accessing the 'args' key.
           The values of the 'args' key will be an array of everything that was sent into the
           script.

             my @input = $cgi->params('args');
             $input[0]; # contains first argument
             $input[1]; # contains second argument, etc...

           This is good, but what if you need to send in arguments to the other script which are
           directly from the calling Perl script, i.e. you want a calling Perl script's variable
           to be sent, not the value from an HTML element on the page?  This is possible using
           the following syntax:

             onClick="exported_func(['args__$input1','args__$input2'],
                                    ['resultdiv']);"

           Similary, if the external script required a constant as input (e.g.
           "script.pl?args=42", you would use this syntax:

             onClick="exported_func(['args__42'],['resultdiv']);"

           In both of the above examples, the result from the external script would get placed
           into the resultdiv element on our (the calling script's) page.

           If you are sending more than one argument from an external perl script back to a
           javascript function, you will need to split the string (AJAX applications communicate
           in strings only) on something.  Internally, we use '__pjx__', and this string is
           checked for.  If found, CGI::Ajax will automatically split it.  However, if you don't
           want to use '__pjx__', you can do it yourself:

           For example, from your Perl script, you would...

                   return("A|B"); # join with "|"

           and then in the javascript function you would have something like...

                   process_func() {
                           var arr = arguments[0].split("|");
                           // arr[0] eq 'A'
                           // arr[1] eq 'B'
                   }

           In order to rename parameters, in case the outside script needs specifically-named
           parameters and not CGI::Ajax' 'args' default parameter name, change your event handler
           associated with an HTML event like this

             onClick="exported_func(['myname__$input1','myparam__$input2'],
                                    ['resultdiv']);"

           The URL generated would look like this...

           "script.pl?myname=input1&myparam=input2"

           You would then retrieve the input in the outside script with this...

             my $p1 = $cgi->params('myname');
             my $p1 = $cgi->params('myparam');

           Finally, what if we need to get a value from our HTML page and we want to send that
           value to an outside script but the outside script requires a named parameter different
           from 'args'?  You can accomplish this with CGI::Ajax using the getVal() javascript
           method (which returns an array, thus the "getVal()[0]" notation):

             onClick="exported_func(['myparam__' + getVal('div_id')[0]],
                                    ['resultdiv']);"

           This will get the value of our HTML element with and id of div_id, and submit it to
           the url attached to myparam__.  So if our exported handler referred to a URI called
           script/scr.pl, and the element on our HTML page called div_id contained the number
           '42', then the URL would look like this "script/scr.pl?myparam=42".  The result from
           this outside URL would get placed back into our HTML page in the element resultdiv.
           See the example script that comes with the distribution called pjx_url.pl and its
           associated outside script convert_degrees.pl for a working example.

           N.B. These examples show the use of outside scripts which are other perl scripts - but
           you are not limited to Perl!  The outside script could just as easily have been PHP or
           any other CGI script, as long as the return from the other script is just the result,
           and not addition HTML code (like FORM elements, etc).

   GET versus POST
       Note that all the examples so far have used the following syntax:

         onClick="exported_func(['input1'],['result1']);"

       There is an optional third argument to a CGI::Ajax exported function that allows change
       the submit method.  The above event could also have been coded like this...

         onClick="exported_func(['input1'],['result1'], 'GET');"

       By default, CGI::Ajax sends a 'GET' request.  If you need it, for example your URL is
       getting way too long, you can easily switch to a 'POST' request with this syntax...

         onClick="exported_func(['input1'],['result1'], 'POST');"

       ('POST' and 'post' are supported)

   Page Caching
       We have implemented a method to prevent page cacheing from undermining the AJAX methods in
       a page.  If you send in an input argument to a CGI::Ajax-exported function called
       'NO_CACHE', the a special parameter will get attached to the end or your url with a random
       number in it.  This will prevent a browser from caching your request.

         onClick="exported_func(['input1','NO_CACHE'],['result1']);"

       The extra param is called pjxrand, and won't interfere with the order of processing for
       the rest of your parameters.

       Also see the CACHE() method of changing the default cache behavior.

METHODS

       build_html()
               Purpose: Associates a cgi obj ($cgi) with pjx object, inserts
                        javascript into <HEAD></HEAD> element and constructs
                        the page, or part of the page.  AJAX applications
                        are designed to update only the section of the
                        page that needs it - the whole page doesn't have
                        to be redrawn.  L<CGI::Ajax> applications use the
                        build_html() method to take care of this: if the CGI
                        parameter C<fname> exists, then the return from the
                        L<CGI::Ajax>-exported function is sent to the page.
                        Otherwise, the entire page is sent, since without
                        an C<fname> param, this has to be the first time
                        the page is being built.

             Arguments: The CGI object, and either a coderef, or a string
                        containing html.  Optionally, you can send in a third
                        parameter containing information that will get passed
                        directly to the CGI object header() call.
               Returns: html or updated html (including the header)
             Called By: originating cgi script

       show_javascript()
               Purpose: builds the text of all the javascript that needs to be
                        inserted into the calling scripts html <head> section
             Arguments:
               Returns: javascript text
             Called By: originating web script
                  Note: This method is also overridden so when you just print
                        a CGI::Ajax object it will output all the javascript needed
                        for the web page.

       register()
               Purpose: adds a function name and a code ref to the global coderef
                        hash, after the original object was created
             Arguments: function name, code reference
               Returns: none
             Called By: originating web script

       fname()
               Purpose: Overrides the default parameter name used for
                        passing an exported function name. Default value
                        is "fname".

             Arguments: fname("new_name"); # sets the new parameter name
                        The overriden fname should be consistent throughout
                        the entire application. Otherwise results are unpredicted.

               Returns: With no parameters fname() returns the current fname name

       JSDEBUG()
               Purpose: Show the AJAX URL that is being generated, and stop
                        compression of the generated javascript, both of which can aid
                        during debugging.  If set to 1, then the core js will get
                        compressed, but the user-defined functions will not be
                        compressed.  If set to 2 (or anything greater than 1 or 0),
                        then none of the javascript will get compressed.

             Arguments: JSDEBUG(0); # turn javascript debugging off
                        JSDEBUG(1); # turn javascript debugging on, some javascript compression
                        JSDEBUG(2); # turn javascript debugging on, no javascript compresstion
               Returns: prints a link to the url that is being generated automatically by
                        the Ajax object. this is VERY useful for seeing what
                        CGI::Ajax is doing. Following the link, will show a page
                        with the output that the page is generating.

             Called By: $pjx->JSDEBUG(1) # where $pjx is a CGI::Ajax object;

       DEBUG()
               Purpose: Show debugging information in web server logs
             Arguments: DEBUG(0); # turn debugging off (default)
                        DEBUG(1); # turn debugging on
               Returns: prints debugging information to the web server logs using
                        STDERR
             Called By: $pjx->DEBUG(1) # where $pjx is a CGI::Ajax object;

       CACHE()
               Purpose: Alter the default result caching behavior.
             Arguments: CACHE(0); # effectively the same as having NO_CACHE passed in every call
               Returns: A change in the behavior of build_html such that the javascript
                        produced will always act as if the NO_CACHE argument is passed,
                        regardless of its presence.
             Called By: $pjx->CACHE(0) # where $pjx is a CGI::Ajax object;

BUGS

       Follow any bugs at our homepage....

         http://www.perljax.us

SUPPORT

       Check out the news/discussion/bugs lists at our homepage:

         http://www.perljax.us

AUTHORS

         Brian C. Thomas     Brent Pedersen
         CPAN ID: BCT
         bct.x42@gmail.com   bpederse@gmail.com

         significant contribution by:
             Peter Gordon <peter@pg-consultants.com> # CGI::Application + scripts
             Kyraha  http://michael.kyraha.com/      # getVal(), multiple forms
             Jan Franczak <jan.franczak@gmail.com>   # CACHE support
             Shibi NS                                # use ->isa instead of ->can

         others:
             RENEEB <RENEEB [...] cpan.org>
             stefan.scherer
             RBS
             Andrew

A NOTE ABOUT THE MODULE NAME

       This module was initiated using the name "Perljax", but then registered with CPAN under
       the WWW group "CGI::", and so became "CGI::Perljax".  Upon further deliberation, we
       decided to change it's name to CGI::Ajax.

COPYRIGHT

       This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same
       terms as Perl itself.

       The full text of the license can be found in the LICENSE file included with this module.

SEE ALSO

       Data::Javascript CGI Class::Accessor