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NAME

       Image::MetaData::JPEG::MakerNotes - random information and details on MakerNotes

OVERVIEW

       This document contains random information and details on MakerNotes; it is an appendix to
       the main manual page of the Image::MetaData::JPEG module, which the reader should refer to
       for further details and the general scope. The note on MakerNote parsing in the main
       manual page is of particular interest.

Pieces of information available after parsing the MakerNote

       The result of the process of parsing the maker note is stored in a directory in the
       internal data structure for the APP1 Segment, whose path is
       "IFD@SubIFD@MakerNoteData_$format", where $format is the specific note format; the
       'MakerNote' entry in IFD0@SubIFD is then removed. This translation happens always, because
       there is a catch-all 'unknown' rule for a binary makernote with very broad acceptance
       rules. The maker note directory contains, in addition, a special subdir with some fields
       reporting about the parsing process.

           key         content
           --------    -------
           ORIGINAL    the raw content of the maker note (unparsed)
           SIGNATURE   the first few bytes which allowed the format to be chosen
           ENDIANNESS  the byte order chosen during parsing
           FORMAT      the maker note format chosen during parsing
           ERROR       [optional] error details, in case of failure while parsing

Supported MakerNote formats

       Maker note formats are specified in a special internal hash, with a key for each format
       (including the 'unknown' format). Each format entry corresponds to an anonymous hash
       containing information for parsing the MakerNote; the "normal" format is considered to be
       an IFD-like MakerNote with a next_link pointer, offsets counted from the global TIFF
       header and no MakerNote internal TIFF header.

               key         meaning or effect
               ---------   -----------------
               signature   the MakerNote signature (a regular expression)
               maker       the Maker signature (i.e., its name, no regex)
               tags        a reference to a hash for tag translations
           (A) mkntstart   if set, offsets are counted from the maker note start
           (B) mkntTIFF    if set, offsets are counted from the internal TIFF header
           (C) ignore      if set, the format is to be ignored
           (D) nonext      if set, the maker note IFD does not have a next_link
           (E) endianness  if set, the byte order is fixed to this value
           (F) nonIFD      if set, the maker note is not IFD-like

       Currently, "supported" formats are described in the following table; authoritative data is
       indeed kept in Tables_makernotes.pl, to which the reader should refer for tag definitions
       and translations. Remember that both the 'signature' and the 'maker' fields are regular
       expressions matching at the beginning (the real signature corresponds to $1).

                       A B C D E F Maker     Signature
                       ----------- --------- -----------------
           Agfa                    AGFA      (AGFA \000\001)
           Canon                   Canon     ()
           Casio_1                 CASIO     ()[^Q]
           Casio_2                 CASIO     (QVC\000{3})
           Epson                   EPSON     (EPSON\000\001\000)
           Foveon                  FOVEON    (FOVEON\000{2}\001\000)
           Fujifilm    x           FUJIFILM  (FUJIFILM\014\000{3})
           HPackard        x       Hewlett-Packard    (HP)
           Kyocera     x     x     KYOCERA   (KYOCERA {12}\000{3})
           Kodak               B x KODAK     (KDK INFO[a-zA-Z0-9]*  )
           Minolta_1               MINOLTA   ().{10}MLT0
           Minolta_2               Minolta   ().{10}MLT0
           Konica          x       Minolta|KONICA ((MLY|KC|(\+M){4})|\001\000{5}\004)
           Nikon_1                 NIKON     (Nikon\000\001\000)
           Nikon_2                 NIKON     ()[^N]
           Nikon_3       x         NIKON     (Nikon\000\002[\020\000]\000{2})
           Olympus                 OLYMPUS   (OLYMP\000[\001\002]\000)
           Panasonic_1       x     Panasonic (Panasonic\000{3})
           Panasonic_2     x x     Panasonic (MKED)
           Pentax_1    x           Asahi     ()[^A]
           Pentax_2    x     x     Asahi     (AOC\000..)
           Ricoh_1         x       RICOH     (Rv|Rev)
           Ricoh_2         x       RICOH     (\000)
           Ricoh_3                 RICOH     ((Ricoh|RICOH)\000{3})
           Sanyo                   SANYO     (SANYO\000\001\000)
           Sigma                   SIGMA     (SIGMA\000{3}\001\000)
           Sony              x     SONY      (SONY (CAM|DSC) \000{3})
           Toshiba         x       TOSHIBA   ()
           unknown             x   .         ()

References

       MakerNote format details are not usually released by vendors (well, this is an euphemism:
       no vendor ever, to my knowledge, released any detail on its format, exception made for
       Sigma/Foveon). All information used for this package was collected on the Internet (and
       its reliability is therefore limited) or through personal tests. Some interesting sites
       are (not an exhaustive list at all):

         General:   home.arcor.de/ahuggel/exiv2/makernote.html
           .....:   www.ozhiker.com/electronics/pjmt/jpeg_info/makernotes.html

         Agfa:      www.ozhiker.com/electronics/pjmt/jpeg_info/agfa_mn.html
         Canon:     www.burren.cx/david/canon.html
         Casio:     park2.wakwak.com/~tsuruzoh/Computer/Digicams/exif-e.html
           ...:     www.dicasoft.de/casiomn.htm
         Epson:     www.ozhiker.com/electronics/pjmt/jpeg_info/epson_mn.html
         Foveon:    Foveon is the same as Sigma, see Sigma
         Fujifilm:  park2.wakwak.com/~tsuruzoh/Computer/Digicams/exif-e.html
           ......:  www.ozhiker.com/electronics/pjmt/jpeg_info/fujifilm_mn.html
         Kyocera:   www.ozhiker.com/electronics/pjmt/jpeg_info/kyocera_mn.html
         Kodak:     my personal tests with my Kodak DX3900 (not IFD-like)
         Minolta:   www.dalibor.cz/minolta/makernote.htm
           .....:   www.ozhiker.com/electronics/pjmt/jpeg_info/minolta_mn.html
         Nikon:     park2.wakwak.com/~tsuruzoh/Computer/Digicams/exif-e.html
           ...:     www.tawbaware.com/990exif.htm
           ...:     www.ozhiker.com/electronics/pjmt/jpeg_info/nikon_mn.html
         Olympus:   park2.wakwak.com/~tsuruzoh/Computer/Digicams/exif-e.html
           .....:   www.ozhiker.com/electronics/pjmt/jpeg_info/olympus_mn.html
         Panasonic: www.compton.nu/panasonic.html
         Pentax:    www.ozhiker.com/electronics/pjmt/jpeg_info/pentax_mn.html
         Ricoh:     www.ozhiker.com/electronics/pjmt/jpeg_info/ricoh_mn.html
         Sanyo:     www.exif.org/makernotes/SanyoMakerNote.html
         Sigma:     www.x3f.info/technotes/FileDocs/MakerNoteDoc.html
         Sony:      www.ozhiker.com/electronics/pjmt/jpeg_info/sony_mn.html

DX3900 MakerNote format

       Kodak MakerNotes are written in a proprietary binary format, which is not IFD-like. So,
       there is no way to detect the beginning, end and type of a field; everything here was
       inferred through a careful comparison of the content of a set of Kodak JPEG files and
       their shot parameters. Fields seems to be aligned on four bytes boundaries. For the DX3900
       model the endianness is always fixed to big endian. The signature regular expression is
       "^(KDK INFO[a-zA-Z0-9]* )", the maker is 'KODAK'. The meaning of the tags is as follows:

         BYTE   ???                firmware version? This is always 3
         BYTE   Compression        1 = normal, 2 = 2160x1440 high compression
         BYTE   BurstMode          0 = off,    1 = on
         BYTE   MacroMode          0 = normal, 1 = close-up
         SHORT  PixelXDimension    \ allowed     2160x1440, 1800x1200,
         SHORT  PixelYDimension    /     values: 1536x1024, 1080x720
         SHORT  Year               the year value, with four digits
         BYTE   Month              the month value  (in [1,12])
         BYTE   Day                the day value    (in [1,31])
         BYTE   Hour               the hour value   (in [0,23])
         BYTE   Minute             the minute value (in [0,59])
         BYTE   Second             the second value (in [0,59])
         BYTE   SubSecond          (in 130th of seconds?)
         SHORT  ???                ???
         BYTE   ???                ???
         BYTE   ShutterMode        0 = auto, 32 = manual
         BYTE   MeteringMode       0 = multi-pattern, 1=centre weight., 2=centre spot
         BYTE   BurstSequenceIndex index in [1,8], 0 if burst mode off
         SHORT  FNumber            100 times the Exif F-number
         LONG   ExposureTime       in 10^-5 seconds
         SSHORT ExposureBiasValue  1000 times the exposure bias in [-2,+2 step .5]
         SHORT  ???                ???
         LONG   ???                \
         LONG   ???                 \ is this an estimate of the subject
         LONG   ???                 / distance? If so, it is very rough.
         LONG   ???                /
         BYTE   FocusMode          0 = auto, 2 = close, 3 = infinity
         BYTE   ???                always 2
         SHORT  ???                ???
         SSHORT PanoramaMode       0 = normal, -1 = focus at infinity
         SHORT  SubjectDistance    (x-28)*2.54+7 looks like the distance in cm
         BYTE   WhiteBalance       0 = normal, 1 = fluor., 2 = tungsten, 3 = daylight
         (27 bytes with unknown meaning here)
         BYTE   FlashMode          0 = auto, 1 = on, 2 = off, 3 = red-eyes
         BYTE   FlashFired         0 = yes,  1 = no
         SHORT  ISOSpeedMode       the requested speed in {100,200,400} or zero
         SHORT  ???                ???
         SHORT  TotalZoomFactor    100 times the zoom factor in [+1,+6 step 0.1]
         SHORT  DateTimeStampMode  0 = none, [1,6] = the six modes
         SHORT  ColourMode         1 = black & white, 2 = sepia, 32 = colour
         SHORT  DigitalZoomFactor  100 times the zoom factor in [+1,+3 step 0.1]
         BYTE   ???                always zero
         SBYTE  Sharpness          0 = standard, 1 = sharp, -1 = soft
         (808 bytes with unknown meaning here, maybe a thumbnail?)

AUTHOR

       Stefano Bettelli, bettelli@cpan.org

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

       Copyright (C) 2004,2005,2006 by Stefano Bettelli

       This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of
       the GNU General Public License. See the COPYING and LICENSE file for the license terms.

SEE ALSO

       The main documentation page for the Image::MetaData::JPEG module.