NOME

       passwd - il file delle password

DESCRIZIONE

       /etc/passwd contains one line for each user account, with seven fields delimited by colons
       («:»). These fields are:

       •   nome di login

       •   password cifrata opzionale

       •   ID utente numerico

       •   ID gruppo numerico

       •   nome utente o commento

       •   directory home utente

       •   interprete dei comandi utente opzionale

       If the password field is a lower-case «x», then the encrypted password is actually stored
       in the shadow(5) file instead; there must be a corresponding line in the /etc/shadow file,
       or else the user account is invalid.

       The encrypted password field may be empty, in which case no password is required to
       authenticate as the specified login name. However, some applications which read the
       /etc/passwd file may decide not to permit any access at all if the password field is
       blank.

       A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked.
       The remaining characters on the line represent the password field before the password was
       locked.

       Refer to crypt(3) for details on how this string is interpreted.

       If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of crypt(3), for
       instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user
       may log in the system by other means).

       The comment field, also known as the gecos field, is used by various system utilities,
       such as finger(1). The use of an ampersand here will be replaced by the capitalised login
       name when the field is used or displayed by such system utilities.

       The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory. The login
       program uses this information to set the value of the $HOME environmental variable.

       The command interpreter field provides the name of the user's command language
       interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute. The login program uses this
       information to set the value of the $SHELL environmental variable. If this field is empty,
       it defaults to the value /bin/sh.

FILE

       /etc/passwd
           Informazioni sugli account utente.

       /etc/shadow
           file opzionale delle password cifrate

       /etc/passwd-
           Copia di backup di /etc/passwd.

           Notare che questo file viene usato dagli strumenti del pacchetto shadow, ma non da
           tutti gli strumenti per la gestione di utenti e password.

VEDERE ANCHE

       crypt(3), getent(1), getpwnam(3), login(1), passwd(1), pwck(8), pwconv(8), pwunconv(8),
       shadow(5), su(1), sulogin(8).