Provided by: ctwm_3.7-5_amd64 bug

NAME

       ctwm - Claude's Tab Window Manager for the X Window System

SYNTAX

       ctwm [-display dpy] [-s] [-cfgchk] [-f initfile] [-v] [-n] [-k] [-K m4file] [-w [win-id]]

DESCRIPTION

       ctwm  is a window manager for the X Window System.  It provides titlebars, shaped windows,
       virtual screens  (workspaces),  several  forms  of  icon  management,  user-defined  macro
       functions,  click-to-type  and  pointer-driven  keyboard focus, and user-specified key and
       pointer button bindings.  It is actually twm(1) (Tab Window  Manager)  from  the  MIT  X11
       distribution  slightly  modified  to  accommodate  the  use  of  several  virtual  screens
       (workspaces). It is heavily inspired from the Hewlett-Packard  vuewm  window  manager.  In
       addition,  ctwm  can  use coloured, shaped icons and background root pixmaps in XPM format
       [from Arnaud Le Hors], any format understood by the imconv package  [from  the  San  Diego
       Supercomputer  Center], and xwd files. ctwm can be compiled to use both, either or none of
       the above icon/pixmap formats.

       This program is usually started by the user's session manager  or  startup  script.   When
       used from xdm(1) or xinit(1) without a session manager, ctwm is frequently executed in the
       foreground as the last client.  When run this way, exiting ctwm causes the session  to  be
       terminated (i.e. logged out).

       By default, application windows are surrounded by a ‘frame’ with a titlebar at the top and
       a special border around the window.  The titlebar contains the window's name, a  rectangle
       that  is  lit  when  the  window  is receiving keyboard input, and function boxes known as
       ‘titlebuttons’ at the left and right edges of the titlebar.

       Pressing pointer Button1 (usually the left-most button unless it  has  been  changed  with
       xmodmap)  on  a  titlebutton  will invoke the function associated with the button.  In the
       default interface, windows are  iconified  by  clicking  (pressing  and  then  immediately
       releasing)  the  left  titlebutton  (which  looks  like  a  Dot).  Conversely, windows are
       deiconified by clicking in  the  associated  icon  or  entry  in  the  icon  manager  (see
       description of the variable ShowIconManager and of the function f.showiconmgr).

       Windows  are  resized by pressing the right titlebutton (which resembles a group of nested
       squares), dragging the pointer over edge that is to be moved, and  releasing  the  pointer
       when  the  outline  of  the  window  is the desired size.  Similarly, windows are moved by
       pressing in the title or highlight region, dragging a window outline to the new  location,
       and  then  releasing  when  the  outline is in the desired position.  Just clicking in the
       title or highlight region raises the window without moving it.

       When new windows are created, ctwm will honor any size and location information  requested
       by  the  user  (usually  through  -geometry  command  line  argument  or resources for the
       individual applications).  Otherwise,  an  outline  of  the  window's  default  size,  its
       titlebar,  and  lines  dividing  the  window  into  a  3x3 grid that track the pointer are
       displayed.  Clicking pointer Button1 will position the window at the current position  and
       give  it  the  default size.  Pressing pointer Button2 (usually the middle pointer button)
       and dragging the outline will give the window its current position but allow the sides  to
       be  resized  as  described  above.   Clicking  pointer  Button3 (usually the right pointer
       button) will give the window its current position but attempt to make it  long  enough  to
       touch the bottom the screen.

OPTIONS

       ctwm accepts the following command line options:

       -display dpy
               This option specifies the X server to use.

       -s      This option indicates that only the default screen (as specified by -display or by
               the DISPLAY environment variable)  should  be  managed.   By  default,  ctwm  will
               attempt to manage all screens on the display.

       -cfgchk This option causes ctwm to only try to parse the config file, and indicate whether
               errors are found.

       -f filename
               This option specifies the name of the startup file to use.  ctwm will first try to
               load  filename.num,  where  num is the screen number.  If it fails, it will try to
               load filename.  By default, ctwm will look in the user's home directory for  files
               named .ctwmrc.num, .ctwmrc, .twmrc.num, or .twmrc (where num is a screen number).

       -v      This option indicates that ctwm should print error messages whenever an unexpected
               X Error event is received.  This can be useful when debugging applications but can
               be distracting in regular use.

       -n      This  option  indicates  that  ctwm should not filter the startup file through m4.
               Available only if ctwm is compiled with the USEM4 flag.

       -k      This option indicates that ctwm should keep the definitions it  prepends  to  your
               startup  file  when  filtering  through  m4  in  /tmp.   Available only if ctwm is
               compiled with the USEM4 flag.

       -K m4file
               This option indicates that ctwm should keep the result of filtering  your  startup
               file  through  m4  in the named file.  Available only if ctwm is compiled with the
               USEM4 flag.

       -version
               ctwm just prints its version number.

       -info   ctwm prints its detailed version and compile time options.

       -w [win-id]
               If -w is specified without a win-id value, ctwm  does  not  take  over  the  whole
               screen(s),  instead  it  creates a new window that becomes its root window. if the
               win-id value is given, it is considered to be the id of  an  existing  window,  in
               which  case,  ctwm  will  try  to  use this window as root window. You can run any
               number of instantiation of ctwm at the same time. You can even have embedded  ctwm
               instantiations. This is totally useless, but I like it. The f.adoptwindow function
               can be used to capture an existing window belonging to another  ctwm.  A  possible
               use of such mode can be to test new configuration file without restarting ctwm.

       -W      This option tells ctwm not to display any welcome when starting.

CUSTOMIZATION

       Much  of  ctwm's  appearance and behavior can be controlled by providing a startup file in
       one of the following locations (searched in order for each screen being managed when  ctwm
       begins):

       $HOME/.ctwmrc.screennumber
               The  screennumber  is  a small positive number (e.g. 0, 1, etc.)  representing the
               screen  number  (e.g.  the  last  number  in  the  DISPLAY  environment   variable
               host:displaynum.screennum)  that  would  be  used  to  contact  that screen of the
               display.  This is intended for displays with multiple screens of differing  visual
               types.

       $HOME/.ctwmrc
               This is the usual name for an individual user's startup file.

       $HOME/.twmrc.screennumber

       $HOME/.twmrc
               The users twm startup file.

       /usr/lib/X11/twm/system.ctwmrc
               If  none  of  the  preceding  files  are  found, ctwm will look in this file for a
               default configuration.  This is  often  tailored  by  the  site  administrator  to
               provide convenient menus or familiar bindings for novice users.

       If  no  startup files are found, ctwm will use the built-in defaults described above.  The
       only resource used by ctwm is bitmapFilePath for a colon-separated list of directories  to
       search  when looking for bitmap files (for more information, see the Athena Widgets manual
       and xrdb(1)).

       ctwm startup files are logically broken up into three types of specifications:  Variables,
       Bindings, Menus.  The Variables section must come first and is used to describe the fonts,
       colors, cursors, border widths, icon  and  window  placement,  highlighting,  autoraising,
       layout  of  titles,  warping, use of the icon manager.  The Bindings section usually comes
       second and is used to specify the functions that should be to be invoked when keyboard and
       pointer  buttons  are  pressed  in  windows, icons, titles, and frames.  The Menus section
       gives any user-defined menus (containing  functions  to  be  invoked  or  commands  to  be
       executed).

       Variable  names  and  keywords are case-insensitive.  Strings must be surrounded by double
       quote characters (e.g. ‘blue’) and are case-sensitive.  A pound  sign  (#)  outside  of  a
       string  causes the remainder of the line in which the character appears to be treated as a
       comment.

M4 PREPROCESSING

       ctwm uses m4(1) to pre-process its setup files.  When ctwm starts up, it opens a file  for
       input  as  described above.  But, it processes that file through m4 before parsing it. So,
       you can use m4 macros to perform operations at runtime.  This makes it very easy  to  work
       when you use many different displays, with different characteristics.  For example, If you
       want to set the lower right section of the screen to be your IconRegion,  (see  below  for
       details  on  the IconRegion variable) you can use m4 directives and pre-defined symbols to
       calculate the region you want.  For example:
       define(IRegion, translit(eval(WIDTH/3)*eval(HEIGHT/2)+eval(WIDTH-WIDTH/3)-0, *, x))
       IconRegion  "IRegion" SOUTH EAST 75 25
       will define the lower half, and right-hand third of the screen.  The above  makes  use  of
       symbols that are predefined in m4 by ctwm.  The symbols WIDTH and HEIGHT are calculated by
       ctwm and written into a  temporary  file  for  m4  to  use.   The  following  symbols  are
       predefined by ctwm:

       SERVERHOST      This  variable  is  set  to  the name of the machine that is running the X
                       server.

       CLIENTHOST      The machine that is running the clients.  (ie, ctwm)

       HOSTNAME        The canonical  hostname  running  the  clients.   (ie.  a  fully-qualified
                       version of CLIENTHOST)

       USER            The name of the user running the program.  Gotten from the environment.

       HOME            The user's home directory.  Gotten from the environment.

       PIXMAP_DIRECTORY
                       The directory where the ctwm pictures are installed.

       VERSION         The X major protocol version.  As seen by ProtocolVersion(3).

       REVISION        The X minor protocol revision.  As seen by ProtocolRevision(3).

       VENDOR          The vendor of your X server.  For example: MIT X Consortium.

       RELEASE         The release number of your X server.  For MIT X11R5, this is 5.

       WIDTH           The width of your display in pixels.

       HEIGHT          The height of your display in pixels.

       X_RESOLUTION    The X resolution of your display in pixels per meter.

       Y_RESOLUTION    The Y resolution of your display in pixels per meter.

       PLANES          The number of bit planes your display supports in the default root window.

       BITS_PER_RGB    The number of significant bits in an RGB color.  (log base 2 of the number
                       of distinct colors that can be created.  This is often different from  the
                       number of colors that can be displayed at once.)

       TWM_TYPE        Tells  which twm offshoot is running.  It will always be set to the string
                       ‘ctwm’ in this program.  This is  useful  for  protecting  parts  of  your
                       .twmrc file that ctwm proper won't understand (like WorkSpaces) so that it
                       is still usable with other twm programs.

       TWM_VERSION     Tells which ctwm version is running  in  the  form  of  a  floating  point
                       number.

       CLASS           Your visual class.  Will return one of StaticGray, GrayScale, StaticColor,
                       PseudoColor, TrueColor, DirectColor, or, if it cannot determine  what  you
                       have, NonStandard.

       COLOR           This  will  be  either  ‘Yes’  or ‘No’.  This is just a wrapper around the
                       above definition.  Returns ‘Yes’ on *Color, and  ‘No’  on  StaticGray  and
                       GrayScale.

       XPM             Is defined only if ctwm was compiled with XPM.

       JPEG            Is defined only if ctwm was compiled with JPEG.

       IMCONV          Is defined only if ctwm was compiled with IMCONV.

       GNOME           Is defined only if ctwm was compiled with GNOME.

       SOUNDS          Is defined only if ctwm was compiled with USE_SOUND.

       SESSION         Is defined only if ctwm was compiled with USE_SESSION.

       I18N            Is defined only if ctwm was compiled with I18N.

       TWM_CAPTIVE     This  will  be  either ‘Yes’ or ‘No’. ‘Yes’ if the current ctwm is captive
                       (flag -w), ‘No’ in the other case.

       TWM_CAPTIVE_NAME
                       Defined only if TWM_CAPTIVE is also defined.  Contains  the  name  of  the
                       captive ctwm (-name flag);

       You  may well find that if you research the m4(1) manual well, and understand the power of
       m4, this will be a very useful and powerful tool.  But, if you  use  any  of  the  symbols
       which  are predefined by m4, you are in severe danger!  For example, the Sun m4 predefines
       shift, so if you use that name in your .ctwmrc, you are out of luck.

       The availability of the m4 preprocessing is subject to the compilation define USEM4.

VARIABLES

       Many of the aspects of ctwm's user interface are controlled by variables that may  be  set
       in  the  user's  startup  file.  Some of the options are enabled or disabled simply by the
       presence of a particular keyword.  Other options require keywords,  numbers,  strings,  or
       lists of all of these.

       Lists  are surrounded by braces and are usually separated by whitespace or a newline.  For
       example:
       AutoRaise { "emacs" "XTerm" "Xmh" }
       or
       AutoRaise
       {
            "emacs"
            "XTerm"
            "Xmh"
       }
       When a variable containing a list of strings representing windows  is  searched  (e.g.  to
       determine  whether  or not to enable autoraise as shown above), a string must be an exact,
       case-sensitive match to the window's name (given by the WM_NAME window property), resource
       name  or  class  name (both given by the WM_CLASS window property).  The preceding example
       would enable autoraise on windows named ‘emacs’ as well as any xterm (since  they  are  of
       class ‘XTerm’) or xmh windows (which are of class ‘Xmh’).

       String  arguments  that  are  interpreted  as  filenames  (see  the  Pixmaps, Cursors, and
       IconDirectory below) will prepend the user's directory (specified by the HOME  environment
       variable)  if  the  first character is a tilde (~).  If, instead, the first character is a
       colon (:), the name is assumed to refer to one of the internal bitmaps that  are  used  to
       create  the  default  titlebars symbols:  :xlogo or :iconify (both refer to the X used for
       the iconify button), :resize (the nested squares used by the resize button), and :question
       (the question mark used for non-existent bitmap files).

       The  following  variables  may  be  specified at the top of a ctwm startup file.  Lists of
       window name prefix strings are indicated by win-list.  Optional  arguments  are  shown  in
       square brackets:

       AlwaysOnTop { win-list }
               This  variable  specifies a list of windows (all windows if the list is defaulted)
               that ctwm will try its best to maintain on top of others. This doesn't work in all
               case.

       AlwaysShowWindowWhenMovingFromWorkspaceManager
               When  ReallyMoveInWorkspaceManager is present and the user is moving a window from
               the WorkSpaceMap, ctwm display the actual window only if it  crosses  the  current
               active  workspace.  If  AlwaysShowWindowWhenMovingFromWorkspaceManager is present,
               the actual window is always visible during the  move,  regardless  of  whether  it
               crosses the current workspace or not. The Shift key toggles this behaviour.

       AlwaysSqueezeToGravity [{ win-list }]
               This  variable  indicates  that  ctwm  should obey window gravity when squeezing a
               window even when the window has a titlebar.  Normally, ctwm will always squeeze  a
               window that has a titlebar toward the north.  The optional win-list may be used to
               control which windows this applies on.

       AnimationSpeed speed
               The speed argument is a non-negative integer. It determines the number of times  a
               second animations (if any) are updated. If speed is 0, animations are freezed. The
               default value is 0.

       AutoFocusToTransients
               Transient windows get focus automatically when created.  Useful with programs that
               have keyboard shortcuts that pop up windows.

       AutoLower { win-list }
               This  variable  specifies a list of windows (all windows if the list is defaulted)
               to be automatically lowered whenever the point leaves a window.  This  action  can
               be  interactively  enabled  or  disabled  on individual windows using the function
               f.autolower.

       AutoOccupy
               This variable specifies that clients will automatically  change  their  occupation
               when their name or icon name changes. The new occupation will be recalculated from
               the Occupy and OccupyAll fields in the .ctwmrc file.

       AutoRaise { win-list }
               This variable specifies a list of windows (all windows if the list  is  defaulted)
               to  be  automatically raised whenever the pointer has come to rest in a window for
               the amount of time specified by  the  RaiseDelay  variable.  This  action  can  be
               interactively  enabled  or  disabled  on  individual  windows  using  the function
               f.autoraise.

       AutoRaiseIcons
               Icons are raised when the cursor enters it. Useful with ShrinkIconTitles.

       AutoRelativeResize
               This variable indicates that dragging out a window  size  (either  when  initially
               sizing  the window with pointer Button2 or when resizing it) should not wait until
               the  pointer  has  crossed  the  window  edges.   Instead,  moving   the   pointer
               automatically  causes  the nearest edge or edges to move by the same amount.  This
               allows the resizing of windows that extend off the edge of  the  screen.   If  the
               pointer  is  in  the center of the window, or if the resize is begun by pressing a
               titlebutton, ctwm will still wait for the pointer  to  cross  a  window  edge  (to
               prevent  accidents).   This  option is particularly useful for people who like the
               press-drag-release method of sweeping out window sizes.

       AutoSqueeze { win-list }
               These windows will be auto-squeezed (see f.squeeze). i.e. automatically unsqueezed
               when  they  get  focus,  and squeezed when they loose it. Useful for the workspace
               manager. Not authorized for icon managers.

       BeNiceToColormap
               By defaults new colors are allocated for shadows when a 3D look is used, but  when
               you  specify BeNiceToColormap ctwm uses stipling instead of new colors, the effect
               is  less  beautiful,  but  acceptable.  In  this  case   ClearShadowContrast   and
               DarkShadowContrast have no effects.

       BorderBottom pixels
               This  variable  specifies the width in pixels of a forbidden zone at the bottom of
               the screen. All constrained window functions (f.movepack, f.move with DontMoveOff,
               etc...) will consider this zone as offscreen.  Default is 0.

       BorderColor string [{ wincolorlist }]
               This  variable  specifies  the default color of the border to be placed around all
               non-iconified windows, and may only be given within a Color  or  Monochrome  list.
               The  optional  wincolorlist  specifies  a  list of window and color name pairs for
               specifying particular border colors for different types of windows.  For example:
               BorderColor "gray50"
               {
                    "XTerm"   "red"
                    "xmh"     "green"
               }
               The default is ‘black’.

       BorderLeft pixels
               This variable specifies the width in pixels of a forbidden zone at the left of the
               screen.  All  constrained  window  functions (f.movepack, f.move with DontMoveOff,
               etc...) will consider this zone as offscreen.  Default is 0.

       BorderResizeCursors
               This variable specifies that ctwm should use resizing cursors when the pointer  is
               on  the  window  border.  To  be  used  preferably when you have bound a button to
               f.resize in the frame context.

       BorderRight pixels
               This variable specifies the width in pixels of a forbidden zone at  the  right  of
               the screen. All constrained window functions (f.movepack, f.move with DontMoveOff,
               etc...) will consider this zone as offscreen.  Default is 0.

       BorderShadowDepth pixels
               This variable specifies the depth of the shadow ctwm uses for 3D  window  borders,
               when UseThreeDBorders is selected.

       BorderTileBackground string [{ wincolorlist }]
               This  variable  specifies the default background color in the gray pattern used in
               unhighlighted borders (only if NoHighlight hasn't been set), and may only be given
               within  a  Color  or Monochrome list.  The optional wincolorlist allows per-window
               colors to be specified.  The default  is ‘white’.

       BorderTileForeground string [{ wincolorlist }]
               This variable specifies the default foreground color in the gray pattern  used  in
               unhighlighted borders (only if NoHighlight hasn't been set), and may only be given
               within a Color or Monochrome list.  The optional  wincolorlist  allows  per-window
               colors to be specified.  The default is ‘black’.

       BorderTop pixels
               This  variable specifies the width in pixels of a forbidden zone at the top of the
               screen. All constrained window functions  (f.movepack,  f.move  with  DontMoveOff,
               etc...) will consider this zone as offscreen.  Default is 0.

       BorderWidth pixels
               This  variable  specifies the width in pixels of the border surrounding all client
               window frames if ClientBorderWidth has not been specified.   This  value  is  also
               used to set the border size of windows created by ctwm (such as the icon manager).
               The default is 2.

       ButtonIndent pixels
               This variable specifies the amount by which titlebuttons should be indented on all
               sides.   Positive  values cause the buttons to be smaller than the window text and
               highlight   area   so   that   they   stand   out.    Setting   this    and    the
               TitleButtonBorderWidth  variables  to  0 makes titlebuttons be as tall and wide as
               possible.  The default is 1 if UseThreeDTitles is not set, 0 if it is set.

       CenterFeedbackWindow
               The moving and resizing information window is centered in the middle of the screen
               instead of the top left corner.

       ClearShadowContrast contrast
               Indicates to ctwm how to calculate the clear shadow color for 3D items.  The value
               is a comprised between 0 and 100. The formula used is :
                   clear.{RGB} = (65535 - color.{RGB}) * (contrast / 100).
               Has no effect if BeNiceToColormap is active.

       ClientBorderWidth
               This variable indicates that border width of a window's frame should be set to the
               initial border width of the window, rather than to the value of BorderWidth.

       Color { colors-list }
               This  variable  specifies  a  list  of color assignments to be made if the default
               display  is  capable  of  displaying  more  than  simple  black  and  white.   The
               colors-list  is  made  up  of  the  following  color  variables  and their values:
               DefaultBackground,     DefaultForeground,     MenuBackground,      MenuForeground,
               MenuTitleBackground,  MenuTitleForeground,  and  MenuShadowColor.   The  following
               color variables may also be given a list of window and color name pairs  to  allow
               per-window  colors  to  be  specified  (see BorderColor for details): BorderColor,
               IconManagerHighlight, BorderTileBackground, BorderTileForeground, TitleBackground,
               TitleForeground,       IconBackground,       IconForeground,      IconBorderColor,
               IconManagerBackground, and IconManagerForeground.  For example:
               Color
               {
                    MenuBackground      "gray50"
                    MenuForeground      "blue"
                    BorderColor              "red" { "XTerm" "yellow" }
                    TitleForeground          "yellow"
                    TitleBackground          "blue"
               }
               All of these color variables may also be specified for  the  Monochrome  variable,
               allowing  the  same  initialization  file  to be used on both color and monochrome
               displays.

       ConstrainedMoveTime milliseconds
               This variable specifies the length of time between button clicks needed to begin a
               constrained  move  operation.   Double  clicking  within  this amount of time when
               invoking f.move will cause the window only be moved in a  horizontal  or  vertical
               direction.   Setting  this value to 0 will disable constrained moves.  The default
               is 400 milliseconds.

       Cursors { cursor-list }
               This variable specifies the glyphs  that  ctwm  should  use  for  various  pointer
               cursors.   Each  cursor  may  be  defined  either from the cursor font or from two
               bitmap files.  Shapes from the cursor font may be specified directly as:
                    cursorname     "string"
               where cursorname is one of the cursor names listed below, and string is  the  name
               of  a  glyph as found in the file /usr/include/X11/cursorfont.h (without the ‘XC_’
               prefix).  If the cursor is to be defined from bitmap files, the  following  syntax
               is used instead:
                    cursorname     "image"   "mask"
               The  image  and mask strings specify the names of files containing the glyph image
               and mask in bitmap(1) form.  The bitmap files are located in the  same  manner  as
               icon bitmap files.  The following example shows the default cursor definitions:
               Cursors
               {
                    Frame          "top_left_arrow"
                    Title          "top_left_arrow"
                    Icon      "top_left_arrow"
                    IconMgr   "top_left_arrow"
                    Move      "fleur"
                    Resize         "fleur"
                    Menu      "sb_left_arrow"
                    Button         "hand2"
                    Wait      "watch"
                    Select         "dot"
                    Destroy   "pirate"
               }

       DarkShadowContrast contrast
               Indicates  to ctwm how to calculate the dark shadow color for 3D items.  The value
               is a comprised between 0 and 100. The formula used is :
                   dark.{RGB}  = color.{RGB} * ((100 - contrast) / 100),
               Has no effect if BeNiceToColormap is active.

       DecorateTransients
               This   variable   indicates   that   transient   windows   (those   containing   a
               WM_TRANSIENT_FOR  property) should have titlebars.  By default, transients are not
               reparented.

       DefaultBackground string
               This variable specifies the background color to be used for sizing and information
               windows.  The default is ‘white’.

       DefaultForeground string
               This variable specifies the foreground color to be used for sizing and information
               windows.  The default is ‘black’.

       DontIconifyByUnmapping { win-list }
               This variable specifies a list of windows that should not be iconified  by  simply
               unmapping  the  window  (as would be the case if IconifyByUnmapping had been set).
               This is frequently used to force some windows to be treated as icons  while  other
               windows are handled by the icon manager.

       DontMoveOff
               This  variable  indicates  that  windows should not be allowed to be moved off the
               screen.  It can be overridden by the f.forcemove function.

       DontPaintRootWindow
               This variable tells ctwm not to paint the root window, whatever you  told  in  the
               Workspaces  specification. This is useful to have pixmaps in the Workspace Map but
               not on the root window.

       DontSave { win-list }
               These windows won't have their characteristics saved for the session manager.

       DontSetInactive { win-list }
               These windows won't be set to InactiveState when they become invisible  due  to  a
               change  workspace.  This  has been added because some ill-behaved clients (Frame5)
               don't like this.

       DontSqueezeTitle [{ win-list }]
               This variable indicates that titlebars should not be  squeezed  to  their  minimum
               size  as  described  under  SqueezeTitle  below.   If  the optional window list is
               supplied, only those windows will be prevented from being squeezed.

       DontToggleWorkSpaceManagerState
               Turns off the feature toggling the  workspace  manager  state  to/from  map/button
               state when you press ctrl and the workspace manager window is in focus.

       DontWarpCursorInWMap
               Tells  ctwm  not  to  warp  the cursor to the corresponding actual window when you
               click in a small window in the workspace map.

       ForceIcons
               This variable indicates that icon pixmaps specified in the Icons  variable  should
               override any client-supplied pixmaps.

       FramePadding pixels
               This  variable specifies the distance between the titlebar decorations (the button
               and text) and the window frame.  The default is 2 pixels if UseThreeDTitles is not
               set, 0 if it is set.

       IconBackground string [{ win-list }]
               This  variable  specifies the background color of icons, and may only be specified
               inside of a Color or Monochrome list.  The optional win-list is a list  of  window
               names  and colors so that per-window colors may be specified.  See the BorderColor
               variable for a complete description of the win-list.  The default is ‘white’.

       IconBorderColor string [{ win-list }]
               This variable specifies the color of the border used for  icon  windows,  and  may
               only  be specified inside of a Color or Monochrome list.  The optional win-list is
               a list of window names and colors so that per-window colors may be specified.  See
               the  BorderColor variable for a complete description of the win-list.  The default
               is ‘black’.

       IconBorderWidth pixels
               This variable specifies the  width  in  pixels  of  the  border  surrounding  icon
               windows.  The default is 2.

       IconDirectory string
               This  variable  specifies  the  directory that should be searched if a bitmap file
               cannot be found in any of the directories in the bitmapFilePath resource.

       IconFont string
               This variable specifies the font to be used to display icon  names  within  icons.
               The default is ‘variable’.

       IconForeground string [{ win-list }]
               This variable specifies the foreground color to be used when displaying icons, and
               may only be specified inside of a Color or Monochrome list.  The optional win-list
               is  a  list of window names and colors so that per-window colors may be specified.
               See the BorderColor variable for a complete  description  of  the  win-list.   The
               default is ‘black’.

       IconifyByUnmapping [{ win-list }]
               This variable indicates that windows should be iconified by being unmapped without
               trying to map any icons.  This assumes that the user  is  will  remap  the  window
               through  the  icon manager, the f.warpto function, or the TwmWindows menu.  If the
               optional win-list is provided, only those windows  will  be  iconified  by  simply
               unmapping.   Windows  that  have both this and the IconManagerDontShow options set
               may not be accessible if no binding to the TwmWindows menu is set  in  the  user's
               startup file.

       IconifyStyle string
               Where  string  is either "normal", "mosaic", "zoomin", "zoomout" or "sweep". Tells
               ctwm to use some fancy graphical effects when iconifying windows.

       IconJustification string
               Where string is either "left", "center" or "right".  Tells ctwm how to justify the
               icon image against the icon title (if any).

       IconManagerBackground string [{ win-list }]
               This  variable specifies the background color to use for icon manager entries, and
               may only be specified inside of a Color or Monochrome list.  The optional win-list
               is  a  list of window names and colors so that per-window colors may be specified.
               See the BorderColor variable for a complete  description  of  the  win-list.   The
               default is ‘white’.

       IconManagerDontShow [{ win-list }]
               This  variable indicates that the icon manager should not display any windows.  If
               the optional win-list is given, only those windows will not  be  displayed.   This
               variable  is  used to prevent windows that are rarely iconified (such as xclock or
               xload) from taking up space in the icon manager.

       IconManagerFont string
               This variable specifies the font to be used when displaying icon manager  entries.
               The default is ‘variable’.

       IconManagerForeground string [{ win-list }]
               This  variable  specifies  the  foreground  color  to be used when displaying icon
               manager entries, and may only be specified inside of a Color or  Monochrome  list.
               The  optional  win-list  is  a  list of window names and colors so that per-window
               colors may be specified.  See the BorderColor variable for a complete  description
               of the win-list.  The default is ‘black’.

       IconManagerGeometry string [ columns ]
               This  variable  specifies  the  geometry  of  the icon manager window.  The string
               argument is standard geometry specification that indicates the initial  full  size
               of  the  icon manager.  The icon manager window is then broken into columns pieces
               and scaled according to the number of entries in the icon manager.  Extra  entries
               are wrapped to form additional rows.  The default number of columns is 1.

       IconManagerHighlight string [{ win-list }]
               This  variable  specifies  the  border color to be used when highlighting the icon
               manager entry that currently has the focus, and can only be specified inside of  a
               Color  or  Monochrome  list.   The optional win-list is a list of window names and
               colors so that per-window colors may be specified.  See the  BorderColor  variable
               for a complete description of the win-list.  The default is ‘black’.

       IconManagers { iconmgr-list }
               This  variable  specifies  a  list  of  icon managers to create.  Each item in the
               iconmgr-list has the following format:
                    "winname" ["iconname"]   "geometry" columns
               where winname is the name of the  windows  that  should  be  put  into  this  icon
               manager,  iconname  is  the name of that icon manager window's icon, geometry is a
               standard geometry specification, and columns is the number of columns in this icon
               manager as described in IconManagerGeometry.  For example:
               IconManagers
               {
                    "XTerm"   "=300x5+800+5" 5
                    "myhost"  "=400x5+100+5" 2
               }
               Clients  whose  name or class is ‘XTerm’ will have an entry created in the ‘XTerm’
               icon manager.  Clients whose name was ‘myhost’ would be put into the ‘myhost’ icon
               manager.

       IconManagerShadowDepth pixels
               This  variable  specifies  the  depth  of  the shadow ctwm uses for 3D IconManager
               entries, when UseThreeDIconManagers is selected.

       IconManagerShow { win-list }
               This variable specifies a list of windows that should appear in the icon  manager.
               When  used  in conjunction with the IconManagerDontShow variable, only the windows
               in this list will be shown in the icon manager.

       IconMenuDontShow { win-list }
               Don't show the name of these windows in the TwmIcons menu.

       IconRegion geomstring vgrav hgrav gridwidth gridheight [iconjust]
               [iconregjust] [iconregalign] [{ win-list }]

               This variable specifies an area on the root window in which icons are placed if no
               specific  icon  location  is  provided  by the client.  The geomstring is a quoted
               string containing a standard geometry specification. If more than  one  IconRegion
               lines are given, icons will be put into the succeeding icon regions when the first
               is full. The vgrav argument should be either  North  or  South   and  is  used  to
               control  whether  icons  are  first  filled  in from the top or bottom of the icon
               region.  Similarly, the hgrav argument should be either East or West and  is  used
               to  control  whether  icons should be filled in from left or from the right. Icons
               are laid out within the region in a grid with  cells  gridwidth  pixels  wide  and
               gridheight  pixels  high. The optional win-list argument tells ctwm that if such a
               window is iconified, and there is enough room in this icon region  for  its  icon,
               then  place  it  here.  The optional iconjust, iconregjust and iconregalign can be
               used to give specific values  of  IconJustification,  IconRegionJustification  and
               IconRegionAlignement for this IconRegion.

       IconRegionAlignement string
               Where  string  is  either "top", "center" "bottom" or "border".  Tells ctwm how to
               align icons inside their place in the  IconRegion.   If  ‘border’  is  given,  the
               justification  will be ‘top’ if the icon region gravity is ‘north’ and ‘bottom’ if
               the icon region gravity is ‘south’.

       IconRegionJustification string
               Where string is either "left", "center" "right" or "border".  Tells  ctwm  how  to
               justify  icons  inside  their  place in the IconRegion.  If ‘border’ is given, the
               justification will be ‘left’ if the icon region gravity is ‘west’ and  ‘right’  if
               the icon region gravity is ‘east’.

       Icons { win-list }
               This  variable  specifies  a  list  of  window names and the bitmap filenames that
               should be used as their icons.  For example:
               Icons
               {
                    "XTerm"   "xterm.icon"
                    "xfd"          "xfd_icon"
               }
               Windows that match ‘XTerm’ and would not be iconified by unmapping, would  try  to
               use   the  icon  bitmap  in the file ‘xterm.icon’.If ForceIcons is specified, this
               bitmap will be used even if the client has requested its own icon pixmap.

       IgnoreCaseInMenuSelection
               Used when moving the pointer inside a menu with the  keyboard.  When  you  type  a
               letter,  the  pointer  goes  to  the  next  entry  beginning  with this letter. If
               IgnoreCaseInMenuSelection is present, this selection  ignores  the  case  of  this
               first letter.

       IgnoreLockModifier
               If  present,  all  bindings (buttons and keys) will ignore the LockMask. Useful if
               you often use caps lock, and don't want to define twice all your bindings.

       IgnoreModifier
               All bindings (buttons and keys) will ignore the modifiers  you  specified.  It  is
               useful when you use caps locks or num locks. You don't need IgnoreLockModifier any
               more with this option.

               IgnoreModifier { lock m2 }

       IgnoreTransient
               List of windows for which to ignore transients.

               IgnoreTransient { "Wine" }

       InterpolateMenuColors
               This variable indicates that menu entry  colors  should  be  interpolated  between
               entry specified colors.  In the example below:
               Menu "mymenu"
               {
                    "Title"        ("black":"red")          f.title
                    "entry1"                 f.nop
                    "entry2"                 f.nop
                    "entry3"  ("white":"green")   f.nop
                    "entry4"                 f.nop
                    "entry5"  ("red":"white")          f.nop
               }
               the foreground colors for ‘entry1’ and ‘entry2’ will be interpolated between black
               and white, and the background  colors  between  red  and  green.   Similarly,  the
               foreground for ‘entry4’ will be half-way between white and red, and the background
               will be half-way between green and white.

       MakeTitle { win-list }
               This variable specifies a list of windows on which a titlebar should be placed and
               is used to request titles on specific windows when NoTitle has been set.

       MapWindowBackground color [{ win-list }]
               This  variable  specifies  the  background  colors to use for small windows in the
               workspace map window and may only be specified inside of  a  Color  or  Monochrome
               list.  The  optional  win-list  is  a  list  of  window  names  and colors so that
               per-window colors may be specified. If there is neither  MapWindowBackground,  nor
               MapWindowForeground the window title colors are used.

       MapWindowCurrentWorkSpace { border_color [background] [foreground] [bitmap] }
               Specify the appearence of the map window corresponding to the current workspace.

       MapWindowDefaultWorkSpace { border_color [background] [foreground] [bitmap] }
               Specify  the  appearence  of  the map window corresponding to the workspaces other
               than the current workspace when no root background information has  been  provided
               to ctwm in the WorkSpace command. Not used in others cases.

       MapWindowForeground color [{ win-list }]
               This  variable  specifies  the  foreground  colors to use for small windows in the
               workspace map window and may only be specified inside of  a  Color  or  Monochrome
               list.  The  optional  win-list  is  a  list  of  window  names  and colors so that
               per-window colors may be specified. If there is neither  MapWindowBackground,  nor
               MapWindowForeground the window title colors are used.

       MaxIconTitleWidth width
               The  integer argument tells ctwm the maximun width to use for an icon title. If an
               icon title is larger than width, it is truncated.

       MaxWindowSize string
               This variable specifies a geometry in which the width and height give the  maximum
               size  for  a given window.  This is typically used to restrict windows to the size
               of the screen.  The default is ‘30000x30000’.

       MenuBackground string
               This variable specifies the background color used  for  menus,  and  can  only  be
               specified inside of a Color or Monochrome list.  The default is ‘white’.

       MenuFont string
               This  variable  specifies  the  font to use when displaying menus.  The default is
               ‘variable’.

       MenuForeground string
               This variable specifies the foreground color used  for  menus,  and  can  only  be
               specified inside of a Color or Monochrome list.  The default is ‘black’.

       MenuShadowColor string
               This  variable  specifies  the  color of the shadow behind pull-down menus and can
               only be specified inside of a Color or Monochrome list.  The default is ‘black’.

       MenuShadowDepth pixels
               This variable specifies the depth of the shadow  ctwm  uses  for  3D  menus,  when
               UseThreeDMenus is selected.

       MenuTitleBackground string
               This variable specifies the background color for f.title entries in menus, and can
               only be specified inside of a Color or Monochrome list.  The default is ‘white’.

       MenuTitleForeground string
               This variable specifies the foreground color for f.title entries in menus and  can
               only be specified inside of a Color or Monochrome list.  The default is ‘black’.

       Monochrome { colors }
               This  variable  specifies  a  list of color assignments that should be made if the
               screen has a depth of 1.  See the description of Color.

       MoveDelta pixels
               This variable specifies the number of pixels the  pointer  must  move  before  the
               f.move  function  starts working.  Also see the f.deltastop function.  The default
               is zero pixels.

       MovePackResistance pixels
               This variable specifies  the  number  of  pixels  of  the  movepack  and  movepush
               resistance. See f.movepack and f.movepush.

       MoveOffResistance pixels
               This variable specifies the number of pixels of the moveoff resistance.  If pixels
               is positive, DontMoveOff will only prevent you from going off the edge  if  you're
               within n pixels off the edge. If you go further, DontMoveOff gives up and lets you
               go  as  far  as  you  wish.   f.forcemove  still  allows  you  to  totally  ignore
               DontMoveOff.   A  negative value puts you back into ‘never moveoff’ mode (it's the
               default).

       NoBackingStore
               This variable indicates that ctwm's menus should  not  request  backing  store  to
               minimize  repainting  of  menus.   This  is  typically  used with servers that can
               repaint faster than they can handle backing store.

       NoBorder { win-list }
               These windows won't have borders. If you want no borders on all windows,  use  the
               BorderWidth keyword.

       NoCaseSensitive
               This  variable indicates that case should be ignored when sorting icon names in an
               icon manager.  This option is typically used with applications that capitalize the
               first letter of their icon name.

       NoDefaults
               This  variable  indicates that ctwm should not supply the default titlebuttons and
               bindings.  This option should  only  be  used  if  the  startup  file  contains  a
               completely new set of bindings and definitions.

       NoGrabServer
               This variable indicates that ctwm should not grab the server when popping up menus
               and moving opaque windows.

       NoHighlight [{ win-list }]
               This variable indicates that borders  should  not  be  highlighted  to  track  the
               location  of  the  pointer.   If the optional win-list is given, highlighting will
               only be disabled for those windows.  When the border is highlighted,  it  will  be
               drawn  in the current BorderColor.  When the border is not highlighted, it will be
               stippled  with  an  gray  pattern  using  the  current  BorderTileForeground   and
               BorderTileBackground colors.

       NoIconTitle [{ win-list }]
               This variable indicates that icons should not display the icon name of the client.
               If the optional win-list is given, only those clients will not have icon titles.

       NoIconManagerFocus
               This variable indicates that ctwm will not set  the  focus  on  the  corresponding
               window when the pointer is in an IconManager.

       NoIconManagers
               This variable indicates that no icon manager should be created.

       NoImagesInWorkSpaceManager
               This  variable  turns  off  displaying  of  background images in the WorkSpaceMap.
               Instead only the colors defined in WorkSpaces will be used as  background  in  the
               WorkSpaceMap.

       NoMenuShadows
               This variable indicates that menus should not have drop shadows drawn behind them.
               This is typically used with slower servers since it speeds up menu drawing at  the
               expense of making the menu slightly harder to read.

       NoOpaqueMove { window-list }
               The counterpart of OpaqueMove. See OpaqueMove.

       NoOpaqueResize { window-list }
               The counterpart of OpaqueResize. See OpaqueResize.

       NoRaiseOnDeiconify
               This variable indicates that windows that are deiconified should not be raised.

       NoRaiseOnMove
               This  variable  indicates  that  windows should not be raised when moved.  This is
               typically used to allow windows to slide underneath each other.

       NoRaiseOnResize
               This variable indicates that windows should not be raised when resized.   This  is
               typically used to allow windows to be resized underneath each other.

       NoRaiseOnWarp
               This  variable  indicates  that  windows  should not be raised when the pointer is
               warped into them with the f.warpto function.  If this option is set, warping to an
               occluded  window  may  result  in  the  pointer  ending up in the occluding window
               instead the desired window (which causes unexpected behavior with f.warpring).

       NoSaveUnders
               This variable indicates that menus should  not  request  save-unders  to  minimize
               window  repainting  following  menu selection.  It is typically used with displays
               that can repaint faster than they can handle save-unders.

       NoShowOccupyAll
               This  variable  specifies  that  OccupyAll  windows  won't  be  displayed  in  the
               WorkSpaceMap window.

       NoStackMode [{ win-list }]
               This  variable  indicates  that  client  window  requests to change stacking order
               should be ignored.  If the optional win-list is  given,  only  requests  on  those
               windows  will  be  ignored.   This  is typically used to prevent applications from
               relentlessly popping themselves to the front of the window stack.

       NoTitle [{ win-list }]
               This variable indicates that windows should not have titlebars.  If  the  optional
               win-list  is  given, only those windows will not have titlebars.  MakeTitle may be
               used with this option to force titlebars to be put on specific windows.

       NoTitleFocus
               This variable indicates that ctwm should not set  keyboard  input  focus  to  each
               window  as  it  is  entered.   Normally, ctwm sets the focus so that focus and key
               events from the titlebar and icon managers are delivered to the  application.   If
               the pointer is moved quickly and ctwm is slow to respond, input can be directed to
               the old window instead of the new.  This option is typically used to prevent  this
               ‘input  lag’ and to work around bugs in older applications that have problems with
               focus events.

       NoTitleHighlight [{ win-list }]
               This variable indicates that the highlight area of the titlebar, which is used  to
               indicate  the  window that currently has the input focus, should not be displayed.
               If the optional win-list is given, only those  windows  will  not  have  highlight
               areas.   This  and the SqueezeTitle options can be set to substantially reduce the
               amount of screen space required by titlebars.

       NoWarpToMenuTitle
               This variable indicates that the cursor should not be warped to  the  title  of  a
               menu which does not have room to drop down below the current cursor position.

       Occupy { occupy-list }
               This variable specifies which windows occupy which workspaces at startup.

               occupy-list consists of entries of the form :
                       [Window]   win-name { wpsc1 wspc2 ... }
               or      Workspace  wspc-name {win1 win2 ... }
               Example :
               Occupy {
                              "xload"   {"all"}
                   Window     "xterm"   {"here" "there" "elsewhere"}
                              "xv"      {"images"}
                   WorkSpace  "images"  {"xloadimage"}
               }
               Note : The Occupy declaration should come after the WorkSpaces declaration.

       OccupyAll { window-list }

               This  variable  specifies  a  list  of  windows that will occupy all workspaces at
               startup.

               window-list is a list of window names.

               Example :
               OccupyAll
               {
                   "xload"
                   "xbiff"
                   "xconsole"
               }
               Note : The OccupyAll declaration should come after the WorkSpaces declaration.

       OpaqueMove { window-list }
               This variable indicates that the f.move function should actually move  the  window
               instead  of  just  an outline so that the user can immediately see what the window
               will look like in the new  position.   This  option  is  typically  used  on  fast
               displays (particularly if NoGrabServer is set). The optional window list parameter
               indicates that only windows in this list should actually be moved in opaque  mode.
               The NoOpaqueMove counterpart is also available.

       OpaqueMoveThreshold { threshold }
               The  integer  parameter is a percentage and indicates that only windows (elligible
               for opaque moving) with a surface smaller than this percentage of the  surface  of
               the screen should actually be moved in opaque mode.

       OpaqueResize { window-list }
               The  opaque  version  of  resize. Extremely resource intensive, but beautiful with
               fast server/client/network. See OpaqueMove. The NoOpaqueResize counterpart is also
               available.

       OpaqueResizeThreshold { threshold }
               The resize version of OpaqueMoveThreshold.

       OpenWindowTimeout seconds
               seconds is an integer representing a number of second. When a window tries to open
               on an unattended display, it will be automatically mapped  after  this  number  of
               seconds.

       PackNewWindows
               Use f.movepack algorithm instead of f.move when opening a new window.

       Pixmaps { pixmaps }
               This  variable  specifies  a list of pixmaps that define the appearance of various
               images.  Each entry is a keyword indicating the  pixmap  to  set,  followed  by  a
               string  giving  the  name  of  the  bitmap  file.   The  following  pixmaps may be
               specified:
               Pixmaps
               {
                    TitleHighlight "gray1"

               }
               The default for TitleHighlight is to use an even stipple pattern.

       PixmapDirectory path
               This variable specifies the path where ctwm looks to find  non-X11  bitmap  files.
               Whenever  you  want  to  use  a  image  file  that is not an X11 bitmap, specify :
               xpm:filename, for xpm files, xwd:filename for xwd files,  im:filename,  for  other
               files  supported by the imconv package, jpeg:file for jpeg file, or ‘|command’ for
               an on the fly generated xwd file. Use the % character  to  specify  an  animation.
               path can be a colon separated list of directories.  Example :
               PixmapDirectory  "/usr/lib/X11/twm"
               Icons
               {
                   "Axe"    "xpm:edit.xpm"
                   "xterm"  "xpm:ball%.xpm"
               }
               N.B  This  is  only valid if your version of ctwm has been compiled with the right
               extension (XPM, JPEG or IMCONV options).

       RaiseDelay milliseconds
               For windows that are to be automatically raised when the pointer enters  (see  the
               AutoRaise  variable  and  the  f.autoraise  function)  this variable specifies the
               length of time the pointer should rest in the window before  it  is  raised.   The
               default is 0 milliseconds.

       RaiseOnClick
               If  present  a  window  will  be  raised on top of others when clicked on, and the
               ButtonPress event will be correctly forwarded to the client that owns this  window
               (if it asked to). See RaiseOnClickButton.

       RaiseOnClickButton button_number
               Where  button_number  is  a  valid  button  number (generally 1 to 3). Specify the
               button to use for RaiseOnClick.

       RaiseWhenAutoUnSqueeze
               Windows are raised when auto-unsqueezed (See AutoSqueeze).

       RandomPlacement [ string ]
               Where string is either ‘on’, ‘off’, ‘all’ or ‘unmapped’.  This variable  indicates
               that  windows  with  no  specified  geometry  should  be placed in a pseudo-random
               location instead of having the user drag out an  outline.  The  argument  ‘on’  or
               ‘all’  tells  ctwm  do  do  this  for all such windows, ‘off’, not to do this, and
               ‘unmapped’, only for unmapped windows, e.g.   iconified  or  not  visible  in  the
               current workspace.

       ReallyMoveInWorkspaceManager
               This  keyword  tells  ctwm  to  move the actual window when the user is moving the
               small windows in the WorkSpaceMap window. If not present the WorkSpaceMap  can  be
               used only to modify the occupation of a window.

       ResizeFont string
               This  variable  specifies  the  font  to be used for in the dimensions window when
               resizing windows.  The default is ‘fixed’.

       RestartPreviousState
               This variable indicates that ctwm should attempt to use the WM_STATE  property  on
               client  windows to tell which windows should be iconified and which should be left
               visible.  This is typically used to try to regenerate the state  that  the  screen
               was in before the previous window manager was shutdown.

       ReverseCurrentWorkspace string
               This  variable  tells  ctwm to reverse the background and foreground colors in the
               small windows in the workspace map for the current workspace.

       SaveColor { colors-list }
               This variable indicates a list of color assignments to be stored as  pixel  values
               in  the  root window property _MIT_PRIORITY_COLORS.  Clients may elect to preserve
               these values when installing their own colormap.  Note that use of this  mechanism
               is  a  way  for  an application to avoid the ‘technicolor’ problem, whereby useful
               screen objects such as window borders and titlebars  disappear  when  a  program's
               custom colors are installed by the window manager.  For example:
               SaveColor
               {
                       BorderColor
                       TitleBackground
                       TitleForeground
                       "red"
                       "green"
                       "blue"
               }
               This  would  place on the root window 3 pixel values for borders and titlebars, as
               well as the three color strings, all taken from the default colormap.

       ShrinkIconTitles
               A la Motif shrinking of icon titles, and expansion when mouse is inside icon.  The
               old incorrect spelling SchrinkIconTitles is also still accepted.

       ShortAllWindowsMenus
               Don't  show  WorkSpaceManager and IconManagers in the TwmWindows and TwmAllWindows
               menus.

       ShowIconManager
               This variable indicates that the icon manager window should be displayed when ctwm
               is started.  It can always be brought up using the f.showiconmgr function.

       ShowWorkSpaceManager
               This variable specifies that the WorkSpaceManager should be visible.

       SloppyFocus
               Use sloppy focus.

       SortIconManager
               This  variable  indicates  that  entries  in  the  icon  manager  should be sorted
               alphabetically rather than by simply appending new windows to the end.

       SoundHost
               The host on which sounds should be played.  See the SOUNDS section.

       SqueezeTitle [{ squeeze-list }]
               This variable indicates that ctwm should attempt to use  the  SHAPE  extension  to
               make  titlebars  occupy  only  as  much  screen  space  as  they need, rather than
               extending all the way across the top of the window.  The optional squeeze-list may
               be  used  to  control  the  location of the squeezed titlebar along the top of the
               window.  It contains entries of the form:
                    "name"         justification  num  denom
               where name is a window name, justification is either left, center, or  right,  and
               num  and  denom  are numbers specifying a ratio giving the relative position about
               which the titlebar is justified.  The ratio is measured from left to right if  the
               numerator  is  positive,  and  right  to  left  if  negative.   A denominator of 0
               indicates that the numerator should be measured in pixels.  For  convenience,  the
               ratio 0/0 is the same as 1/2 for center and -1/1 for right.  For example:
               SqueezeTitle
               {
                    "XTerm"   left      0    0
                    "xterm1"  left      1    3
                    "xterm2"  left      2    3
                    "oclock"  center         0    0
                    "emacs"   right          0    0
               }
               The DontSqueezeTitle list can be used to turn off squeezing on certain titles.

       StartIconified [{ win-list }]
               This  variable  indicates  that  client  windows should initially be left as icons
               until explicitly deiconified by the user.  If the optional win-list is given, only
               those  windows  will  be  started iconic.  This is useful for programs that do not
               support an -iconic command line option or resource.

       StartInMapState
               This variable specifies that the WorkSpaceManager should be  started  in  its  map
               form when created.

       StartSqueezed { win-list }
               These windows will first show up squeezed (see f.squeeze).

       StayUpMenus
               Tells ctwm to use stayup menus. These menus will stay on the screen when ButtonUp,
               if either the menu has not yet been entered by the pointer, or the current item is
               a f.title.

       SunkFocusWindowTitle
               This  variable  specifies that the title of the focus window (if exists) should be
               sunken instead of raised. Only valid if UseThreeDTitles is set.

       ThreeDBorderWidth  pixels
               The width of the 3D border in pixels, if any.

       TitleBackground string [{ win-list }]
               This variable specifies the background color used in titlebars, and  may  only  be
               specified  inside  of a Color or Monochrome list.  The optional win-list is a list
               of window names and colors so  that  per-window  colors  may  be  specified.   The
               default is ‘white’.

       TitleButtonBorderWidth pixels
               This   variable   specifies   the  width  in  pixels  of  the  border  surrounding
               titlebuttons.  This is typically set to 0 to allow titlebuttons to take up as much
               space  as  possible and to not have a border.  The default is 1 if UseThreeDTitles
               is not set, 0 if it is set.

       TitleButtonShadowDepth pixels
               This variable specifies the depth of the shadow ctwm uses for  3D  title  buttons,
               when UseThreeDTitles is selected.

       TitleFont string
               This  variable  specifies  the font used for displaying window names in titlebars.
               The default is ‘variable’.

       TitleForeground string [{ win-list }]
               This variable specifies the foreground color used in titlebars, and  may  only  be
               specified  inside  of a Color or Monochrome list.  The optional win-list is a list
               of window names and colors so  that  per-window  colors  may  be  specified.   The
               default is ‘black’.

       TitleJustification string
               This  keyword  needs  a string value. The acceptable values are : ‘left’, ‘center’
               and ‘right’. The window titles will be justified according to this  in  the  title
               window.

       TitlePadding pixels
               This  variable  specifies  the  distance  between  the  various buttons, text, and
               highlight areas in the titlebar.  The default is 8 pixels  if  UseThreeDTitles  is
               not set, 0 if it is set.

       TitleShadowDepth pixels
               This  variable  specifies  the  depth  of the shadow ctwm uses for 3D titles, when
               UseThreeDTitles is selected.

       TransientHasOccupation
               This variable specifies that transient-for and non-group leader windows  can  have
               their  own  occupation potentially different from their leader window. The default
               case is that these windows follow their leader, use this keyword  if  the  default
               action doesn't please you.

       TransientOnTop percentage
               The  parameter  (required)  is  a  percentage and tells ctwm to put transient (and
               non-group leader) windows always on top of their  leader  if  and  only  if  their
               surface  is smaller than this fraction of the surface of their leader. The surface
               of a window is its width times its weight.

       UnknownIcon string
               This variable specifies the filename of a bitmap file to be used  as  the  default
               icon.  This bitmap will be used as the icon of all clients which do not provide an
               icon bitmap and are not listed in the Icons list.

       UnmapByMovingFarAway [{ win-list }]
               These windows will be moved out of the screen instead of being unmapped when  they
               become  invisible  due  to  a  change  workspace. This has been added because some
               ill-behaved clients (Frame5) don't like to be unmapped.

       UsePPosition string
               This variable  specifies  whether  or  not  ctwm  should  honor  program-requested
               locations  (given  by  the  PPosition flag in the WM_NORMAL_HINTS property) in the
               absence of a user-specified position.  The argument string may have one  of  three
               values:    "off"   (the   default)   indicating   that   ctwm  should  ignore  the
               program-supplied position, "on" indicating that the position should be  used,  and
               "non-zero"  indicating  that  the  position should used if it is other than (0,0).
               The latter option is for working around a bug in older toolkits.

       UseSunkTitlePixmap
               This makes it so the shadows are inversed for title pixmaps when  focus  is  lost.
               This  is  similar  to having the SunkFocusWindowTitle, but it makes your xbm or 3d
               XPM (if any) sink instead of just the whole bar.

       UseThreeDBorders
               Tells ctwm to use 3D-looking window borders.  The  width  ot  the  3D  borders  is
               ThreeDBorderWidth.  The  color  of  the  3D border is BorderTileBackground, and if
               NoHighlight is not selected, the border of the Focus window is BorderColor.

       UseThreeDIconManagers
               Tells ctwm to use 3D-looking IconManagers if any.

       UseThreeDMenus
               Tells ctwm to use 3D-looking menus.

       UseThreeDTitles
               Tells ctwm to use 3D-looking windows titles. In which case the default  values  of
               TitleButtonBorderWidth,  FramePadding, TitlePadding and ButtonIndent are set to 0.
               There are plenty of built-in scalable pixmaps for  buttons,  :xpm:menu,  :xpm:dot,
               :xpm:cross,  :xpm:bar,  :xpm:vbar,  :xpm:iconify, :xpm:resize, :xmp:sunkresize and
               :xpm:box.  There  are  several  built-in  scalable  animations   for   buttons   :
               %xpm:resize,        %xpm:menu-up,       %xpm:menu-down,       %xpm:resize-out-top,
               %xpm:resize-in-top,   %xpm:resize-out-bot,   %xpm:resize-in-bot,    %xpm:maze-out,
               %xpm:maze-in,  %xpm:zoom-out,  %xpm:zoom-in  and  %xpm:zoom-inout. Try them to see
               what they look like.

       UseThreeDWMap
               Tells ctwm to use 3D for the small windows in the workspace map.

       VirtualScreens { geometries-list }

               This variable specifies a list of geometries for virtual screens. Virtual  screens
               are designed to be used when you have several physical screens bound together with
               the Xinerama X extension.

               geometries-list is a list of valid  geometry  strings,  that  correspond  to  your
               actual physical screens.

               Example :
               VirtualScreens
               {
                   "1280x1024+0+0"
                   "1600x1200+1280+0"
               }

       WarpCursor [{ win-list }]
               This  variable  indicates that the pointer should be warped into windows when they
               are deiconified.  If the optional win-list is given,  the  pointer  will  only  be
               warped when those windows are deiconified.

       WindowBox [{ win-list }]
               creates  a  new  window  called a box, where all the client windows that match the
               windows list are opened in, instead of the root window. This is  useful  to  group
               small windows in the same box (xload for instance)
               WindowBox "xloadbox" "320x100+0-0" {
                   "xload"
               }

       WindowGeometries [{ win-list }]
               Used to give a default geometry to some clients :
               WindowGeometries {
                   "Mozilla*"       "1000x800+10+10"
                   "jpilot*"        "800x600-0-0"
               }

       WindowRing [{ win-list }]
               This  variable  specifies  a  list  of windows along which the f.warpring function
               cycles. If no argument is given, all the windows are in the ring.

       WarpRingOnScreen
               Tells ctwm that f.warpring warps pointer only to windows visible  in  the  current
               workspace.

       WarpToDefaultMenuEntry
               (Useful  only  with StayUpMenus) When using StayUpMenus, and a menu does stays up,
               the pointer is warped to the default entry of the menu.

       WarpUnmapped
               This variable indicates that that  the  f.warpto  function  should  deiconify  any
               iconified  windows  it  encounters.   This is typically used to make a key binding
               that will pop a particular window (such as xmh),  no  matter  where  it  is.   The
               default is for f.warpto to ignore iconified windows.

       WindowRingExclude [{ win-list }]
               All listed windows will be excluded from the WarpRing.

       WMgrButtonShadowDepth depth
               Control the depth of the shadow of the workspace manager buttons.

       WMgrHorizButtonIndent nb_pixels
               Specifies  the  horizontal  space,  in pixel, between the buttons of the workspace
               manager (in button mode).

       WMgrVertButtonIndent nb_pixels
               Specifies the vertical space, in pixel,  between  the  buttons  of  the  workspace
               manager (in button mode).

       WorkSpaceFont string
               This  allows you to specify the font to use for the small windows in the workspace
               manager map. (Try ‘-adobe-times-*-r-*--10-*-*-*-*-*-*-*’).

       WorkSpaceManagerGeometry string [ columns ]
               This variable specifies the geometry of the workspace manager window.  The  string
               argument  is  standard geometry specification that indicates the initial full size
               of the workspace manager. The columns argument indicates the number of columns  to
               use for the workspace manager window.
               WorkSpaceManagerGeometry        "360x60+60-0" 8

       WorkSpaces { workspace-list }
               This  variable  specifies  a list of workspaces that are created at startup, Where
               workspace-list is :
               name [{bg-button [fg-button] [bg-root] [fg-root] [pixmap-root]}]

               With :

               bg-button:
                       background color of the corresponding button in the workspace manager.

               fg-button:
                       foreground color of the corresponding button in the workspace manager.

               bg-root:
                       background color of the corresponding root screen.

               fg-root:
                       foreground color of the corresponding root screen.

               pixmap-root:
                       pixmap to display on the corresponding root screen, either the name  of  a
                       bitmap, xpm:xpmfile, xwd:xwdfile, jpeg:jpgfile, im:imfile or |command_that
                       generate_xwd.

               Example :
               WorkSpaces
               {
                 "One"   {"#686B9F" "white" "DeepSkyBlue3" "white" "jpeg:shark.jpg"}
                 "Two"   {"#619AAE" "white" "firebrick"}
                 "Three" {"#727786" "white" "MidnightBlue" "white" "xpm:ball%.xpm"}
                 "Four"  {"#727786" "white" "white" "white" "|(giftoppm | pnmtoxwd) < 2010.gif"}

                 "Five"  {"#727786" "white" "DeepSkyBlue3" "white" "plaid"}
                 "Six"   {"#619AAE" "white" "DeepSkyBlue3" "white" "xpm:background1"}
                 "Seven" {"#8C5b7A" "white" "chartreuse4"}
                 "Eight" {"#686B9F" "white" "MidnightBlue"}
               }

               The  WorkSpaces  declaration  should  come  before   the   Occupy   or   OccupyAll
               declarations. The maximum number of workspaces is 32.

       XMoveGrid number
               This  variable  specifies  the  value  to  use to constrain window movement.  When
               moving windows around, the  x  coordinate  will  always  be  a  multiple  of  this
               variable. Default is 1. f.forcemove ignores this variable.

       XorValue number
               This  variable  specifies the value to use when drawing window outlines for moving
               and resizing.  This should be set to a value that will  result  in  a  variety  of
               distinguishable  colors  when  exclusive-or'ed  with  the  contents  of the user's
               typical screen.  Setting this variable to 1 often gives nice results  if  adjacent
               colors  in  the  default  colormap are distinct.  By default, ctwm will attempt to
               cause temporary lines to appear at the opposite  end  of  the  colormap  from  the
               graphics.

       YMoveGrid number
               This  variable  specifies  the  value  to  use to constrain window movement.  When
               moving windows around, the  y  coordinate  will  always  be  a  multiple  of  this
               variable. Default is 1. f.forcemove ignores this variable.

       Zoom [ count ]
               This  variable indicates that outlines suggesting movement of a window to and from
               its iconified state  should  be  displayed  whenever  a  window  is  iconified  or
               deiconified.   The  optional count argument specifies the number of outlines to be
               drawn.  The default count is 8.

       The following variables must be set after the fonts have been assigned, so it  is  usually
       best to put them at the end of the variables or beginning of the bindings sections:

       ChangeWorkspaceFunction function
               This  variable  specifies  the  function  to  be executed when the user change the
               current workspace (zap).

       DefaultFunction function
               This variable specifies the function to be executed when a key or button event  is
               received  for  which  no  binding  is provided.  This is typically bound to f.nop,
               f.beep, or a menu containing window operations.

       DeIconifyFunction function
               This variable specifies the function to be executed when a window is deiconified.

       IconifyFunction function
               This variable specifies the function to be executed when a window is iconified.

       WindowFunction function
               This variable specifies the function to execute when a window is selected from the
               TwmWindows  menu.  If this variable is not set, the window will be deiconified and
               raised.

BINDINGS

       After the desired variables have been set, functions may be attached to  titlebuttons  and
       key and pointer buttons.  Titlebuttons may be added from the left or right side and appear
       in the titlebar from left-to-right according to the order in  which  they  are  specified.
       Key and pointer button bindings may be given in any order.

       Titlebuttons  specifications  must include the name of the pixmap to use in the button box
       and the function to be invoked when a pointer button is pressed within them:
       LeftTitleButton "bitmapname"  = function
       or
       LeftTitleButton "bitmapname" {
           Buttoni : function
           ...
           Buttonj : function
       }
       or
       RightTitleButton "bitmapname" = function
       or
       RightTitleButton "bitmapname" {
           Buttoni : function
           ...
           Buttonj : function
       }
       The bitmapname may refer to one of the   built-in  bitmaps  (which  are  scaled  to  match
       TitleFont) by using the appropriate colon-prefixed name described above.

       Key  and  pointer button specifications must give the modifiers that must be pressed, over
       which parts of the screen the pointer must be, and what function is to be  invoked.   Keys
       are  given  as  strings  containing  the appropriate keysym name; buttons are given as the
       keywords Button1-Button5:
       "FP1"          = modlist : context : function
       Button1   = modlist : context : function
       The modlist is any combination of the modifier names shift,  control,  lock,  meta,  mod1,
       mod2,  mod3,  mod4,  or  mod5 (which may be abbreviated as s, c, l, m, m1, m2, m3, m4, m5,
       respectively) separated by a vertical bar (|).  Similarly, the context is any  combination
       of  window,  title,  icon,  root,  frame, workspace, iconmgr, their first letters (iconmgr
       abbreviation is m), or all, separated by a vertical bar.  The function is any  of  the  f.
       keywords  described  below.   For example, the default startup file contains the following
       bindings:
       Button1   =    : root         : f.menu "TwmWindows"
       Button1   = m  : window | icon     : f.function "move-or-lower"
       Button2   = m  : window | icon     : f.iconify
       Button3   = m  : window | icon     : f.function "move-or-raise"
       Button1   =    : title        : f.function "move-or-raise"
       Button2   =    : title        : f.raiselower
       Button1   =    : icon         : f.function "move-or-iconify"
       Button2   =    : icon         : f.iconify
       Button1   =    : iconmgr : f.iconify
       Button2   =    : iconmgr : f.iconify
       A user who wanted to be able to  manipulate  windows  from  the  keyboard  could  use  the
       following bindings:
       "F1"      =    : all          : f.iconify
       "F2"      =    : all          : f.raiselower
       "F3"      =    : all          : f.warpring "next"
       "F4"      =    : all          : f.warpto "xmh"
       "F5"      =    : all          : f.warpto "emacs"
       "F6"      =    : all          : f.colormap "next"
       "F7"      =    : all          : f.colormap "default"
       "F20"          =    : all          : f.warptoscreen "next"
       "Left"         = m  : all          : f.backiconmgr
       "Right"   = m | s   : all          : f.forwiconmgr
       "Up"      = m  : all          : f.upiconmgr
       "Down"    = m | s   : all          : f.downiconmgr
       ctwm  provides many more window manipulation primitives than can be conveniently stored in
       a titlebar, menu, or set of key bindings.  Although a small set of defaults  are  supplied
       (unless  the  NoDefaults  is  specified),  most  users will want to have their most common
       operations bound to key and button strokes.  To do this, ctwm associates names  with  each
       of the primitives and provides user-defined functions for building higher level primitives
       and menus for interactively selecting among groups of functions.

       User-defined functions contain  the  name  by  which  they  are  referenced  in  calls  to
       f.function and a list of other functions to execute.  For example:
       Function "move-or-lower" { f.move f.deltastop f.lower }
       Function "move-or-raise" { f.move f.deltastop f.raise }
       Function "move-or-iconify"    { f.move f.deltastop f.iconify }
       Function "restore-colormap"   { f.colormap "default" f.lower }
       The  function  name  must  be  used  in  f.function  exactly as it appears in the function
       specification.

       In the descriptions below, if the function is said to operate on the selected window,  but
       is  invoked from a root menu, the cursor will be changed to the Select cursor and the next
       window to receive a button press will be chosen:

       ! string
               This is an abbreviation for f.exec string.

       f.addtoworkspace string
               This function adds the selected window to the workspace whose name is string.

       f.adoptwindow
               This function asks for the user to select a window with the mouse, and then  adopt
               this  window  if  it  doesn't  belong to the current ctwm. Useful only with the -w
               flag.

       f.altcontext
               Set the alternate context. The next key or button  event  ctwm  reveives  will  be
               interpreted  using  the  alternate  context.  To  define bindings in the alternate
               context, use the keyword alter in the context field of the binding  command.   For
               example:
               "Return"= m    : all          : f.altcontext
               "n"  =    : alter        : f.nextworkspace
               "p"  =    : alter        : f.prevworkspace

       f.altkeymap number
               Set  the  alternate  keymap  number,  where  number  is an integer between 1 and 5
               included. The next key or button event ctwm reveives  will  be  interpreted  using
               this  alternate keymap. To define bindings in an alternate keymap, use the keyword
               a followed by number in the modifier field of the binding command. For example:
               "Return"= c    : all          : f.altkeymap "1"
               "i"  = a1 : window|icon|iconmgr    : f.iconify
               "z"  = a1 : window  : f.zoom
               "d"  = a1 : window|icon  : f.delete
               "o"  = a1 : window|icon  : f.occupy
               "r"  = a1 : window|icon  : f.refresh

       When using an alternate keymaps, only the root, window,  icon  and  iconmgr  contexts  are
       allowed.

       f.autolower
               This  function  toggles whether or not the selected window is lowered whenever the
               pointer leaves it.  See the description of the variable AutoLower.

       f.autoraise
               This function toggles whether or  not  the  selected  window  is  raised  whenever
               entered by the pointer.  See the description of the variable AutoRaise.

       f.backmapiconmgr
               This  function  warps  the   pointer  in the same manner as f.backiconmgr but only
               stops at windows that are mapped.

       f.backiconmgr
               This function warps the pointer  to  the  previous  column  in  the  current  icon
               manager, wrapping back to the previous row if necessary.

       f.beep  This function sounds the keyboard bell.

       f.bottomzoom
               This  function  is  similar  to the f.fullzoom function, but resizes the window to
               fill only the bottom half of the screen.

       f.changesize string
               This function allows you to change the size of the focused window. The  format  of
               the  string  must be either "<border> <+|-><sizechange>" (where border must be one
               of Top, Bottom, Left or Right) or "<x size>x<y  size>"  (where  the  size  is  the
               requested  new  window size). The height of the window can never be set/changed to
               less than the title height + 1 (or 1 if the window has no title) and the width can
               never be set/changed to less than 1.

               "Right"  = c|s: all      : f.changesize "right +10"
               "Left"   = c|s: all      : f.changesize "right -10"
               "Down"   = c|s: all      : f.changesize "bottom +10"
               "Up"     = c|s: all      : f.changesize "bottom -10"

               "F1"     = c|s: all      : f.changesize "640x480"
               "F2"     = c|s: all      : f.changesize "800x600"
               "F3"     = c|s: all      : f.changesize "1024x768"

       f.circledown
               This function lowers the top-most window that occludes another window.

       f.circleup
               This function raises the bottom-most window that is occluded by another window.

       f.colormap string
               This  function  rotates  the  colormaps  (obtained  from  the  WM_COLORMAP_WINDOWS
               property on the window) that ctwm will display when the pointer is in this window.
               The  argument  string  may  have  one of the following values: "next", "prev", and
               "default".  It should be noted here that in general,  the  installed  colormap  is
               determined  by  keyboard  focus.   A  pointer driven keyboard focus will install a
               private colormap upon entry of the window owning the colormap.  Using the click to
               type model, private colormaps will not be installed until the user presses a mouse
               button on the target window.

       f.deiconify
               This function deiconifies the selected window.  If the window is not an icon, this
               function does nothing.

       f.delete
               This  function  sends  the  WM_DELETE_WINDOW message to the selected window if the
               client application has requested it through the WM_PROTOCOLS window property.  The
               application  is  supposed  to  respond  to  the  message by removing the indicated
               window.  If the window has not requested WM_DELETE_WINDOW messages,  the  keyboard
               bell  will  be  rung indicating that the user should choose an alternative method.
               Note this is very different from f.destroy.  The intent here is to delete a single
               window,  not necessarily the entire application.

       f.deleteordestroy
               First  tries to delete the window (send it WM_DELETE_WINDOW message), or kills it,
               if the client doesn't accept such message.

       f.deltastop
               This function allows a user-defined function to be aborted if the pointer has been
               moved  more  than MoveDelta pixels.  See the example definition given for Function
               "move-or-raise" at the beginning of the section.

       f.destroy
               This function instructs the X server to close the display connection of the client
               that  created  the selected window.  This should only be used as a last resort for
               shutting down runaway clients.  See also f.delete.

       f.downiconmgr
               This function warps the pointer to the  next  row  in  the  current  icon  manger,
               wrapping to the beginning of the next column if necessary.

       f.downworkspace
               Goto  the  workspace immediately underneath the current workspace in the workspace
               manager. If the current workspace is the bottom one, goto the top one in the  same
               column. The result depends on the layout of the workspace manager.

       f.exec string
               This function passes the argument string to /bin/sh for execution.  In multiscreen
               mode, if string starts a new X client  without  giving  a  display  argument,  the
               client  will  appear  on  the  screen from which this function was invoked. If the
               string ‘$currentworkspace’ is present inside  the  string  argument,  it  will  be
               substituted with the current workspace name.

       f.fill string
               Where  string  is  either  :  ‘right’, ‘left’, ‘top’, ‘bottom’ or ‘vertical’.  The
               current window is resized in the specified direction until it reaches an  obstacle
               (either  another window, or the screen border).  f.fill ‘vertical’ sets the window
               status to ‘zoomed’ and toggles, ie calling it again will reset the previous window
               size.

       f.fittocontent
               Can be used only with window boxes. The result is to have the box have the minimal
               size that contains all its children windows.

       f.focus This function toggles the keyboard focus of the server  to  the  selected  window,
               changing  the focus rule from pointer-driven if necessary.  If the selected window
               already was focused, this function executes an f.unfocus.

       f.forcemove
               This function is like f.move except that it ignores the DontMoveOff variable.

       f.forwiconmgr
               This function warps the pointer to the next column in the  current  icon  manager,
               wrapping to the beginning of the next row if necessary.

       f.forwmapiconmgr
               This  function  warps  the   pointer  in the same manner as f.forwiconmgr but only
               stops at windows that are mapped.

       f.fullzoom
               This function resizes the selected window to the full size of the display or  else
               restores the original size if the window was already zoomed.

       f.function string
               This  function  executes  the user-defined function whose name is specified by the
               argument string.

       f.gotoworkspace workspace_name
               This function warps you to the workspace whose name is workspace_name.

       f.hbzoom
               This function is a synonym for f.bottomzoom.

       f.hideiconmgr
               This function unmaps the current icon manager.

       f.hideworkspacemgr
               Unmap the WorkSpace manager.

       f.horizoom
               This variable is similar to the f.zoom function except that the selected window is
               resized to the full width of the display.

       f.htzoom
               This function is a synonym for f.topzoom.

       f.hypermove
               Use this function to ‘move’ a window between 2 captives ctwm (or between a captive
               and the root ctwm). Of course 2 ctwms are completely different universes. You have
               to go in hyperspace to achieve this, hence the name.

       f.hzoom This function is a synonym for f.horizoom.

       f.iconify
               This function iconifies or deiconifies the selected window or icon, respectively.

       f.identify
               This  function displays a summary of the name and geometry of the selected window.
               Clicking the pointer or pressing a key in the window will dismiss it.

       f.initsize
               This function resets a window to its initial size  given  by  the  WM_NORMAL_HINTS
               hints.

       f.jumpdown step
               This  function is designed to be bound to a key, it moves the current window (step
               * {X,Y}MoveGrid) pixels downward. stopping if the window encounters another window
               or the screen border (ala f.pack).

       f.jumpleft step
               Leftward equivalent of f.jumpdown.

       f.jumpright step
               Rightward equivalent of f.jumpdown.

       f.jumpup step
               Upward equivalent of f.jumpdown.

       f.lefticonmgr
               This function similar to f.backiconmgr except that wrapping does not change rows.

       f.leftworkspace
               Goto  the  workspace  immediately  on  the  left  of  the current workspace in the
               workspace manager. If the current workspace is the leftest one, goto the  rightest
               one in the same row. The result depends on the layout of the workspace manager.

       f.leftzoom
               This  variable  is  similar  to  the f.bottomzoom function but causes the selected
               window is only resized to the left half of the display.

       f.lower This function lowers the selected window.

       f.menu string
               This function invokes the menu specified by the argument string.   Cascaded  menus
               may be built by nesting calls to f.menu. When a menu is popped up, you can use the
               arrow keys to move the cursor around it. ‘Down’ or space goes down, ‘Up’ goes  up,
               ‘Left’  pops  down  the  menu,  and ‘Right’ activates the current entry. The first
               letter of an entry name activates this entry (the first  one  if  several  entries
               match). If the first letter is ~ then Meta-the-second-letter activates it, if this
               first letter is ^ then Control-the-second-letter activates it, and if  this  first
               letter is space, then the second letter activates it.

       f.move  This function drags an outline of the selected window (or the window itself if the
               OpaqueMove variable is set) until the invoking pointer button is released.  Double
               clicking  within the number of milliseconds given by ConstrainedMoveTime warps the
               pointer to the center  of  the  window  and  constrains  the  move  to  be  either
               horizontal  or vertical depending on which grid line is crossed.  To abort a move,
               press another button before releasing the first button.

       f.movepack
               This function is like f.move except that it tries to avoid overlapping of windows.
               When  the moving window begin to overlap with another window, the move is stopped.
               If you go too far over the other window (more that MovePackResistance pixels), the
               move is resumed and the moving window can overlap with the other window. Useful to
               pack windows closely.

       f.movepush
               This function is like f.move except that it tries to avoid overlapping of windows.
               When  the moving window begins to overlap with another window, the other window is
               pushed. If you go too far over the  other  window  (more  that  MovePackResistance
               pixels), there is no push and the moving window can overlap with the other window.
               Only available if OpaqueMove is active.

       f.moveresize geometry
               Takes one string argument which is a geometry with the standard X geometry  syntax
               (e.g. 200x300+150-0). Sets the current window to the specified geometry. The width
               and height are to be given in pixel, no base size or resize increment are used.

       f.movetonextworkspace
               Move the window to the next workspace.

       f.movetoprevworkspace
               Move the window to the previous workspace.

       f.movetonextworkspaceandfollow
               Move the window to the next workspace and go to that workspace.

       f.movetoprevworkspaceandfollow
               Move the window to the previous workspace and go to that workspace.

       f.nexticonmgr
               This function warps the pointer to the next icon manager containing any windows on
               the current or any succeeding screen.

       f.nextworkspace
               Goto the next workspace in the list, using the order given in the .ctwmrc file.

       f.nop   This  function  does  nothing  and  is  typically used with the DefaultFunction or
               WindowFunction variables or to introduce blank lines in menus.

       f.occupy
               This function pops up a window for the user to choose which  workspaces  a  window
               belongs to.

       f.occupyall
               This function makes the specified window occupy all the workspaces.

       f.pack string
               Where  string is either : ‘right’, ‘left’, ‘top’ or ‘bottom’ The current window is
               moved in the specified direction until it  reaches  an  obstacle  (either  another
               window, or the screen border). The pointer follows the window.

       f.previconmgr
               This  function  warps  the  pointer  to  the  previous icon manager containing any
               windows on the current or preceding screens.

       f.prevworkspace
               Goto the previous workspace in the list, using the  order  given  in  the  .ctwmrc
               file.

       f.pin   Valid  only  in a root menu. Make a menu permanent on the screen. This is a toggle
               function, if you select it  while  the  menu  is  already  permanent,  it  becomes
               non-permanent.

       f.quit  This  function  causes  ctwm to restore the window's borders and exit.  If ctwm is
               the first client invoked from xdm, this will result in a server reset.

       f.raiseicons
               This function raises all the icons in the current workspace.

       f.raise This function raises the selected window.

       f.raiselower
               This function raises the selected window to the top of the stacking order if it is
               occluded by any windows, otherwise the window will be lowered.

       f.removefromworkspace string
               This function removes the selected window from the workspace whose name is string.

       f.refresh
               This function causes all windows to be refreshed.

       f.rereadsounds
               This function causes the .ctwm-sounds file to be re-read.  See the SOUNDS section.

       f.resize
               This  function  displays an outline of the selected window.  Crossing a border (or
               setting AutoRelativeResize) will cause the outline to begin to rubber  band  until
               the  invoking  button is released.  To abort a resize, press another button before
               releasing the first button.

       f.restart
               This function kills and restarts ctwm.

       f.restoregeometry
               Restore the current window geometry  to  what  was  saved  in  the  last  call  to
               f.savegeometry.

       f.righticonmgr
               This  function  is  similar  to f.nexticonmgr except that wrapping does not change
               rows.

       f.rightworkspace
               Goto the workspace immediately on the  right  of  the  current  workspace  in  the
               workspace  manager. If the current workspace is the rightest one, goto the leftest
               one in the same row. The result depends on the layout of the workspace manager.

       f.rightzoom
               This variable is similar to the f.bottomzoom function  except  that  the  selected
               window is only resized to the right half of the display.

       f.ring  Selects  a  window and adds it to the WarpRing, or removes it if it was already in
               the ring. This  command  makes  f.warpring   much   more  useful,  by  making  its
               configuration dynamic.

       f.savegeometry
               The  geometry  of  the current window is saved. The next call to f.restoregeometry
               will restore this window to this geometry.

       f.saveyourself
               This function sends a WM_SAVEYOURSELF message to the selected  window  if  it  has
               requested  the  message  in its WM_PROTOCOLS window property.  Clients that accept
               this message are supposed to checkpoint all state associated with the  window  and
               update  the WM_COMMAND property as specified in the ICCCM.  If the selected window
               has not selected for this message, the keyboard bell will be rung.

       f.separator
               Valid only in menus. The effect is to add a line separator  between  the  previous
               and  the following entry. The name selector part in the menu is not used (but must
               be present).

       f.setbuttonsstate
               Set the WorkSpace manager in button state.

       f.setmapstate
               Set the WorkSpace manager in map state.

       f.showiconmgr
               This function maps the current icon manager.

       f.sorticonmgr
               This function sorts the entries in the current icon manager  alphabetically.   See
               the variable SortIconManager.

       f.showbackground
               This  function  unmaps  all  windows  in  the  current workspace. This is a toggle
               function, if all windows are unmapped, they are all  remapped.  Better  bind  this
               function in the root context.

       f.showworkspacemgr
               Map the WorkSpace manager.

       f.slowdownanimation
               Decrease AnimationSpeed by 1.

       f.speedupanimation
               Increase AnimationSpeed by 1.

       f.squeeze
               f.squeeze  squeezes  a window to a null vertical size. Works only for windows with
               either a title, or a 3D border (in order to have something left on the screen). If
               the window is already squeezed, it is unsqueezed.

       f.startanimation
               Restart freezed animations (if any).

       f.stopanimation
               Freeze animations (if any).

       f.title This  function  provides  a  centered, unselectable item in a menu definition.  It
               should not be used in any other context.

       f.toggleoccupation string
               This function adds the selected window to the workspace whose name is string if it
               doesn't already belongs to it, and removes it from this workspace if not.

       f.togglesound
               Toggle sound on/off.  See the SOUNDS section.

       f.togglestate
               Toggle the state of the WorkSpace manager.

       f.toggleworkspacemgr
               Toggle  the presence of the WorkSpaceManager. If it is mapped, it will be unmapped
               and vice versa.

       f.topzoom
               This variable is similar to the f.bottomzoom function  except  that  the  selected
               window is only resized to the top half of the display.

       f.unfocus
               This function resets the focus back to pointer-driven.  This should be used when a
               focused window is no longer desired.

       f.upiconmgr
               This function warps the pointer to the previous row in the current  icon  manager,
               wrapping to the last row in the same column if necessary.

       f.upworkspace
               Goto  the  workspace  immediately  above  the  current  workspace in the workspace
               manager. If the current workspace is the top one, goto the bottom one in the  same
               column. The result depends on the layout of the workspace manager.

       f.vanish
               The  specified  window vanishes from the current workspace if it occupies at least
               one other WorkSpace. Do nothing in the others cases.

       f.vlzoom
               This function is a synonym for f.leftzoom.

       f.vrzoom
               This function is a synonym for f.rightzoom.

       f.warphere win_name
               This function adds the window which has a name or class that matches string to the
               current workspace and warps the pointer to it. If the window is iconified, it will
               be deiconified if the variable WarpUnmapped is set or else ignored.

       f.warpring string
               This function warps the pointer to the next or previous window  (as  indicated  by
               the  argument  string,  which may be "next" or "prev") specified in the WindowRing
               variable.

       f.warpto string
               This function warps the pointer to the window which  has  a  name  or  class  that
               matches  string.   If  the  window  is  iconified,  it  will be deiconified if the
               variable WarpUnmapped is set or else ignored.

       f.warptoiconmgr string
               This function warps the pointer to the icon  manager  entry  associated  with  the
               window  containing  the  pointer  in  the  icon  manager specified by the argument
               string.  If string is empty (i.e. ""), the current icon manager is chosen.

       f.warptoscreen string
               This function warps the pointer to the screen specified by  the  argument  string.
               String  may be a number (e.g. "0" or "1"), the word "next" (indicating the current
               screen plus 1, skipping over any unmanaged screens), the word  "back"  (indicating
               the  current  screen  minus  1,  skipping over any unmanaged screens), or the word
               "prev" (indicating the last screen visited.

       f.winrefresh
               This function is similar to the f.refresh function except that only  the  selected
               window is refreshed.

       f.zoom  This  function  is  similar  to  the f.fullzoom function, except that the only the
               height of the selected window is changed.

MENUS

       Functions may be grouped and interactively selected using pop-up (when bound to a  pointer
       button)  or pull-down (when associated with a titlebutton) menus.  Each menu specification
       contains the name of the menu as it will  be  referred  to  by  f.menu,  optional  default
       foreground  and  background  colors,  the list of item names and the functions they should
       invoke, and optional foreground and background colors for individual items:
       Menu "menuname" [ ("deffore":"defback") ]
       {
            string1   [ ("fore1":"backn")]     function1
            string2   [ ("fore2":"backn")]     function2
                 .
                 .
                 .
            stringN   [ ("foreN":"backN")]     functionN
       }

       The menuname is case-sensitive.  The optional deffore and defback  arguments  specify  the
       foreground  and  background colors used on a color display to highlight menu entries.  The
       string portion of each menu entry will be the text which will appear  in  the  menu.   The
       optional  fore and back arguments specify the foreground and background colors of the menu
       entry when the pointer is not in the entry.  These colors will only be  used  on  a  color
       display.   The  default  is  to  use  the  colors  specified  by  the  MenuForeground  and
       MenuBackground variables.  The function portion of the menu entry is one of the functions,
       including any user-defined functions, or additional menus.

       There  are  3  special  menus.  TwmWindows  contains  the  names  of all of the client and
       ctwm-supplied windows in the  current  workspace.   Selecting  an  entry  will  cause  the
       WindowFunction  to  be  executed  on  that window.  If WindowFunction hasn't been set, the
       window  will  be  deiconified  and  raised.  TwmWorkspaces  contains  the  names  of  your
       workspaces,  selecting  an  entry  goto  this  workspace.  In addition, these entries have
       submenus containing the names of all windows occupying this workspace, selecting  such  an
       entry  executes  f.warpto on this window. And finally, TwmAllWindows contains the names of
       all the windows ctwm manages. Selecting an entry executes f.warpto on this window.

       If an entry name begins  with  a  ‘*’  (star),  this  star  won't  be  displayed  and  the
       corresponding  entry  will  be  the default entry for this menu. When a menu has a default
       entry and is used as a submenu of another menu, this default entry action will be executed
       automatically when this submenu is selected without being displayed. It's hard to explain,
       but easy to understand.

ICONS

       ctwm supports several different  ways  of  manipulating  iconified  windows.   The  common
       pixmap-and-text  style  may  be laid out by hand or automatically arranged as described by
       the IconRegion variable.  In addition, a terse grid of icon names, called an icon manager,
       provides  a  more  efficient  use of screen space as well as the ability to navigate among
       windows from the keyboard.

       An icon manager is a window that contains names of selected or all  windows  currently  on
       the  display.   In  addition  to the window name, a small button using the default iconify
       symbol will be displayed to the left of  the  name  when  the  window  is  iconified.   By
       default,  clicking  on  an  entry  in  the icon manager performs f.iconify.  To change the
       actions taken in the icon manager, use the the iconmgr context when specifying button  and
       keyboard bindings.

       Moving  the  pointer  into  the  icon manager also directs keyboard focus to the indicated
       window (setting the focus explicitly or else  sending  synthetic  events  NoTitleFocus  is
       set).   Using  the f.upiconmgr, f.downiconmgr f.lefticonmgr, and f.righticonmgr functions,
       the input focus can be changed between windows directly from the keyboard.

SOUNDS

       If compiled with the USE_SOUND flag, ctwm is able to play sounds for any  X  event.   ctwm
       will look for the file .ctwm-sounds in the user's home directory to map every X event to a
       sound file to be played.

       Each line in .ctwm-sounds has the following syntax:
       {X event}: {sound file}
       The currently known X events that can be given are:
       KeyPress
       KeyRelease
       ButtonPress
       ButtonRelease
       MotionNotify
       EnterNotify
       LeaveNotify
       FocusIn
       FocusOut
       KeymapNotify
       Expose
       GraphicsExpose
       NoExpose
       VisibilityNotify
       CreateNotify
       DestroyNotify
       UnmapNotify
       MapNotify
       MapRequest
       ReparentNotify
       ConfigureNotify
       ConfigureRequest
       GravityNotify
       ResizeRequest
       CirculateNotify
       CirculateRequest
       PropertyNotify
       SelectionClear
       SelectionRequest
       SelectionNotify
       ColormapNotify
       ClientMessage
       MappingNotify
       Additionally, the following two are recognised,  and  represent  the  time  when  ctwm  is
       started or shut down:
       Startup
       Shutdown

BUGS

       The resource manager should have been used instead of all of the window lists.

       The IconRegion variable should take a list.

       Double  clicking  very  fast to get the constrained move function will sometimes cause the
       window to move, even though the pointer is not moved.

       If IconifyByUnmapping is on and windows are  listed  in  IconManagerDontShow  but  not  in
       DontIconifyByUnmapping,  they  may be lost if they are iconified and no bindings to f.menu
       "TwmWindows" or f.warpto are setup.

FILES

       $HOME/.ctwmrc.<screen number>
       $HOME/.ctwmrc
       /usr/lib/X11/twm/system.ctwmrc
       $HOME/.twmrc

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

       DISPLAY This variable is used to determine which X server to use.  It is also  set  during
               f.exec so that programs come up on the proper screen.

       HOME    This  variable  is  used  as  the prefix for files that begin with a tilde and for
               locating the ctwm startup file.

SEE ALSO

       X(1), Xserver(1), xdm(1), xrdb(1)

COPYRIGHT

       Portions copyright 1988 Evans & Sutherland Computer Corporation; portions  copyright  1989
       Hewlett-Packard  Company  and  the  Massachusetts Institute of Technology,  See X(1) for a
       full statement of rights and permissions.

AUTHORS

       Tom LaStrange, Solbourne Computer; Jim Fulton, MIT X Consortium; Steve Pitschke,  Stardent
       Computer;  Keith Packard, MIT X Consortium; Dave Sternlicht, MIT X Consortium; Dave Payne,
       Apple  Computer;  Claude  Lecommandeur,  Swiss   Polytechnical   Institute   of   Lausanne
       (lecom@sic.epfl.ch); Richard Levitte (richard@levitte.org).

                                           Version 3.7                                    CTWM(1)