Ubuntu Manpage: sed - stream editor for filtering and transforming text

NAME

       sed - stream editor for filtering and transforming text

SYNOPSIS

       sed [OPTION]... {script-only-if-no-other-script} [input-file]...

DESCRIPTION

Sed is a stream editor. A stream editor is used to perform basic text transformations on
an input stream (a file or input from a pipeline). While in some ways similar to an
editor which permits scripted edits (such as ed), sed works by making only one pass over
the input(s), and is consequently more efficient. But it is sed's ability to filter text
in a pipeline which particularly distinguishes it from other types of editors.

-n, --quiet, --silent

suppress automatic printing of pattern space

--debug

annotate program execution

-e script, --expression=script

add the script to the commands to be executed

-f script-file, --file=script-file

add the contents of script-file to the commands to be executed

--follow-symlinks

follow symlinks when processing in place

-i[SUFFIX], --in-place[=SUFFIX]

edit files in place (makes backup if SUFFIX supplied)

-l N, --line-length=N

specify the desired line-wrap length for the `l' command

--posix

disable all GNU extensions.

-E, -r, --regexp-extended

use extended regular expressions in the script (for portability use POSIX -E).

-s, --separate

consider files as separate rather than as a single, continuous long stream.

--sandbox

operate in sandbox mode (disable e/r/w commands).

-u, --unbuffered

load minimal amounts of data from the input files and flush the output buffers more
often

-z, --null-data

separate lines by NUL characters

--help
display this help and exit

--version
output version information and exit

If no -e, --expression, -f, or --file option is given, then the first non-option argument
is taken as the sed script to interpret. All remaining arguments are names of input
files; if no input files are specified, then the standard input is read.

GNU sed home page: <https://www.gnu.org/software/sed/>. General help using GNU software:
<https://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>. E-mail bug reports to: <bug-sed@gnu.org>.

COMMAND SYNOPSIS

       This  is just a brief synopsis of sed commands to serve as a reminder to those who already
       know sed; other documentation (such as the texinfo document) must be consulted for  fuller
       descriptions.

   Zero-address ``commands''
       : label
              Label for b and t commands.

       #comment
              The comment extends until the next newline (or the end of a -e script fragment).

       }      The closing bracket of a { } block.

   Zero- or One- address commands
       =      Print the current line number.

       a \

       text   Append text, which has each embedded newline preceded by a backslash.

       i \

       text   Insert text, which has each embedded newline preceded by a backslash.

       q [exit-code]
              Immediately  quit  the sed script without processing any more input, except that if
              auto-print is not disabled the current pattern space will  be  printed.   The  exit
              code argument is a GNU extension.

       Q [exit-code]
              Immediately  quit  the sed script without processing any more input.  This is a GNU
              extension.

       r filename
              Append text read from filename.

       R filename
              Append a line read from filename.  Each invocation of the command reads a line from
              the file.  This is a GNU extension.

   Commands which accept address ranges
       {      Begin a block of commands (end with a }).

       b label
              Branch to label; if label is omitted, branch to end of script.

       c \

       text   Replace the selected lines with text, which has each embedded newline preceded by a
              backslash.

       d      Delete pattern space.  Start next cycle.

       D      If pattern space contains no newline, start a normal new cycle as if the d  command
              was  issued.   Otherwise, delete text in the pattern space up to the first newline,
              and restart cycle with the resultant pattern space, without reading a new  line  of
              input.

       h H    Copy/append pattern space to hold space.

       g G    Copy/append hold space to pattern space.

       l      List out the current line in a ``visually unambiguous'' form.

       l width
              List  out the current line in a ``visually unambiguous'' form, breaking it at width
              characters.  This is a GNU extension.

       n N    Read/append the next line of input into the pattern space.

       p      Print the current pattern space.

       P      Print up to the first embedded newline of the current pattern space.

       s/regexp/replacement/
              Attempt to match regexp against the pattern space.   If  successful,  replace  that
              portion  matched  with  replacement.   The  replacement  may  contain  the  special
              character & to refer to that portion of the pattern space which  matched,  and  the
              special  escapes  \1  through  \9  to  refer  to  the  corresponding  matching sub-
              expressions in the regexp.

       t label
              If a s/// has done a successful substitution since the last input line was read and
              since the last t or T command, then branch to label; if label is omitted, branch to
              end of script.

       T label
              If no s/// has done a successful substitution since the last input  line  was  read
              and  since  the  last  t  or  T command, then branch to label; if label is omitted,
              branch to end of script.  This is a GNU extension.

       w filename
              Write the current pattern space to filename.

       W filename
              Write the first line of the current pattern space  to  filename.   This  is  a  GNU
              extension.

       x      Exchange the contents of the hold and pattern spaces.

       y/source/dest/
              Transliterate  the  characters  in  the pattern space which appear in source to the
              corresponding character in dest.

Addresses

Sed commands can be given with no addresses, in which case the command will be executed
for all input lines; with one address, in which case the command will only be executed for
input lines which match that address; or with two addresses, in which case the command
will be executed for all input lines which match the inclusive range of lines starting
from the first address and continuing to the second address. Three things to note about
address ranges: the syntax is addr1,addr2 (i.e., the addresses are separated by a comma);
the line which addr1 matched will always be accepted, even if addr2 selects an earlier
line; and if addr2 is a regexp, it will not be tested against the line that addr1 matched.

After the address (or address-range), and before the command, a ! may be inserted, which
specifies that the command shall only be executed if the address (or address-range) does
not match.

The following address types are supported:

number Match only the specified line number (which increments cumulatively across files,
unless the -s option is specified on the command line).

first~step
Match every step'th line starting with line first. For example, ``sed -n 1~2p''
will print all the odd-numbered lines in the input stream, and the address 2~5 will
match every fifth line, starting with the second. first can be zero; in this case,
sed operates as if it were equal to step. (This is an extension.)

$ Match the last line.

/regexp/
Match lines matching the regular expression regexp. Matching is performed on the
current pattern space, which can be modified with commands such as ``s///''.

\cregexpc
Match lines matching the regular expression regexp. The c may be any character.

GNU sed also supports some special 2-address forms:

0,addr2
Start out in "matched first address" state, until addr2 is found. This is similar
to 1,addr2, except that if addr2 matches the very first line of input the 0,addr2
form will be at the end of its range, whereas the 1,addr2 form will still be at the
beginning of its range. This works only when addr2 is a regular expression.

addr1,+N
Will match addr1 and the N lines following addr1.

addr1,~N
Will match addr1 and the lines following addr1 until the next line whose input line
number is a multiple of N.

REGULAR EXPRESSIONS

       POSIX.2 BREs should be supported,  but  they  aren't  completely  because  of  performance
       problems.   The  \n  sequence  in  a regular expression matches the newline character, and
       similarly for \a, \t, and other sequences.  The  -E  option  switches  to  using  extended
       regular  expressions  instead;  it  has  been  supported  for years by GNU sed, and is now
       included in POSIX.

BUGS

       E-mail bug  reports  to  bug-sed@gnu.org.   Also,  please  include  the  output  of  ``sed
       --version'' in the body of your report if at all possible.

AUTHOR

       Written  by  Jay  Fenlason,  Tom Lord, Ken Pizzini, Paolo Bonzini, Jim Meyering, and Assaf
       Gordon.

       This sed program was built with SELinux support.  SELinux is enabled on this system.

       GNU sed home page: <https://www.gnu.org/software/sed/>.  General help using GNU  software:
       <https://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>.  E-mail bug reports to: <bug-sed@gnu.org>.

COPYRIGHT

       Copyright  ©  2020  Free  Software  Foundation, Inc.  License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or
       later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
       This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.  There is NO  WARRANTY,
       to the extent permitted by law.