Provided by: libio-async-perl_0.802-1_all bug

NAME

       "IO::Async::Notifier" - base class for IO::Async event objects

SYNOPSIS

       Usually not directly used by a program, but one valid use case may be:

          use IO::Async::Notifier;

          use IO::Async::Stream;
          use IO::Async::Signal;

          use IO::Async::Loop;
          my $loop = IO::Async::Loop->new;

          my $notifier = IO::Async::Notifier->new;

          $notifier->add_child(
             IO::Async::Stream->new_for_stdin(
                on_read => sub {
                   my $self = shift;
                   my ( $buffref, $eof ) = @_;

                   while( $$buffref =~ s/^(.*)\n// ) {
                      print "You said $1\n";
                   }

                   return 0;
                },
             )
          );

          $notifier->add_child(
             IO::Async::Signal->new(
                name => 'INT',
                on_receipt => sub {
                   print "Goodbye!\n";
                   $loop->stop;
                },
             )
          );

          $loop->add( $notifier );

          $loop->run;

DESCRIPTION

       This object class forms the basis for all the other event objects that an IO::Async
       program uses. It provides the lowest level of integration with a IO::Async::Loop
       container, and a facility to collect Notifiers together, in a tree structure, where any
       Notifier can contain a collection of children.

       Normally, objects in this class would not be directly used by an end program, as it
       performs no actual IO work, and generates no actual events. These are all left to the
       various subclasses, such as:

       •   IO::Async::Handle - event callbacks for a non-blocking file descriptor

       •   IO::Async::Stream - event callbacks and write bufering for a stream filehandle

       •   IO::Async::Socket - event callbacks and send buffering for a socket filehandle

       •   IO::Async::Timer - base class for Notifiers that use timed delays

       •   IO::Async::Signal - event callback on receipt of a POSIX signal

       •   IO::Async::PID - event callback on exit of a child process

       •   IO::Async::Process - start and manage a child process

       For more detail, see the SYNOPSIS section in one of the above.

       One case where this object class would be used, is when a library wishes to provide a sub-
       component which consists of multiple other "Notifier" subclasses, such as "Handle"s and
       "Timers", but no particular object is suitable to be the root of a tree. In this case, a
       plain "Notifier" object can be used as the tree root, and all the other notifiers added as
       children of it.

AS A MIXIN

       Rather than being used as a subclass this package also supports being used as a non-
       principle superclass for an object, as a mix-in. It still provides methods and satisfies
       an "isa" test, even though the constructor is not directly called. This simply requires
       that the object be based on a normal blessed hash reference and include
       "IO::Async::Notifier" somewhere in its @ISA list.

       The methods in this class all use only keys in the hash prefixed by "IO_Async_Notifier__"
       for namespace purposes.

       This is intended mainly for defining a subclass of some other object that is also an
       "IO::Async::Notifier", suitable to be added to an IO::Async::Loop.

          package SomeEventSource::Async;
          use base qw( SomeEventSource IO::Async::Notifier );

          sub _add_to_loop
          {
             my $self = shift;
             my ( $loop ) = @_;

             # Code here to set up event handling on $loop that may be required
          }

          sub _remove_from_loop
          {
             my $self = shift;
             my ( $loop ) = @_;

             # Code here to undo the event handling set up above
          }

       Since all the methods documented here will be available, the implementation may wish to
       use the "configure" and "make_event_cb" or "invoke_event" methods to implement its own
       event callbacks.

EVENTS

       The following events are invoked, either using subclass methods or CODE references in
       parameters:

   on_error $message, $name, @details
       Invoked by "invoke_error".

PARAMETERS

       A specific subclass of "IO::Async::Notifier" defines named parameters that control its
       behaviour. These may be passed to the "new" constructor, or to the "configure" method. The
       documentation on each specific subclass will give details on the parameters that exist,
       and their uses. Some parameters may only support being set once at construction time, or
       only support being changed if the object is in a particular state.

       The following parameters are supported by all Notifiers:

       on_error => CODE
               CODE reference for event handler.

       notifier_name => STRING
               Optional string used to identify this particular Notifier. This value will be
               returned by the "notifier_name" method.

CONSTRUCTOR

   new
          $notifier = IO::Async::Notifier->new( %params )

       This function returns a new instance of a "IO::Async::Notifier" object with the given
       initial values of the named parameters.

       Up until IO::Async version 0.19, this module used to implement the IO handle features now
       found in the IO::Async::Handle subclass. Code that needs to use any of "handle",
       "read_handle", "write_handle", "on_read_ready" or "on_write_ready" should use
       IO::Async::Handle instead.

METHODS

   configure
          $notifier->configure( %params )

       Adjust the named parameters of the "Notifier" as given by the %params hash.

   loop
          $loop = $notifier->loop

       Returns the IO::Async::Loop that this Notifier is a member of.

   notifier_name
          $name = $notifier->notifier_name

       Returns the name to identify this Notifier. If a has not been set, it will return the
       empty string. Subclasses may wish to override this behaviour to return some more useful
       information, perhaps from configured parameters.

   adopt_future
          $f = $notifier->adopt_future( $f )

       Stores a reference to the Future instance within the notifier itself, so the reference
       doesn't get lost. This reference will be dropped when the future becomes ready (either by
       success or failure). Additionally, if the future failed the notifier's "invoke_error"
       method will be informed.

       This means that if the notifier does not provide an "on_error" handler, nor is there one
       anywhere in the parent chain, this will be fatal to the caller of "$f->fail". To avoid
       this being fatal if the failure is handled elsewhere, use the "else_done" method on the
       future to obtain a sequence one that never fails.

          $notifier->adopt_future( $f->else_done() )

       The future itself is returned.

   adopted_futures
          @f = $notifier->adopted_futures

       Since version 0.73.

       Returns a list of all the adopted and still-pending futures, in no particular order.

CHILD NOTIFIERS

       During the execution of a program, it may be the case that certain IO handles cause other
       handles to be created; for example, new sockets that have been "accept()"ed from a
       listening socket. To facilitate these, a notifier may contain child notifier objects, that
       are automatically added to or removed from the IO::Async::Loop that manages their parent.

   parent
          $parent = $notifier->parent

       Returns the parent of the notifier, or "undef" if does not have one.

   children
          @children = $notifier->children

       Returns a list of the child notifiers contained within this one.

   add_child
          $notifier->add_child( $child )

       Adds a child notifier. This notifier will be added to the containing loop, if the parent
       has one. Only a notifier that does not currently have a parent and is not currently a
       member of any loop may be added as a child. If the child itself has grandchildren, these
       will be recursively added to the containing loop.

   remove_child
          $notifier->remove_child( $child )

       Removes a child notifier. The child will be removed from the containing loop, if the
       parent has one. If the child itself has grandchildren, these will be recurively removed
       from the loop.

   remove_from_parent
          $notifier->remove_from_parent

       Removes this notifier object from its parent (either another notifier object or the
       containing loop) if it has one. If the notifier is not a child of another notifier nor a
       member of a loop, this method does nothing.

SUBCLASS METHODS

       "IO::Async::Notifier" is a base class provided so that specific subclasses of it provide
       more specific behaviour. The base class provides a number of methods that subclasses may
       wish to override.

       If a subclass implements any of these, be sure to invoke the superclass method at some
       point within the code.

   _init
          $notifier->_init( $paramsref )

       This method is called by the constructor just before calling "configure".  It is passed a
       reference to the HASH storing the constructor arguments.

       This method may initialise internal details of the Notifier as required, possibly by using
       parameters from the HASH. If any parameters are construction-only they should be "delete"d
       from the hash.

   configure
          $notifier->configure( %params )

       This method is called by the constructor to set the initial values of named parameters,
       and by users of the object to adjust the values once constructed.

       This method should "delete" from the %params hash any keys it has dealt with, then pass
       the remaining ones to the "SUPER::configure". The base class implementation will throw an
       exception if there are any unrecognised keys remaining.

   configure_unknown
          $notifier->configure_unknown( %params )

       This method is called by the base class "configure" method, for any remaining parameters
       that are not recognised. The default implementation throws an exception using "Carp" that
       lists the unrecognised keys. This method is provided to allow subclasses to override the
       behaviour, perhaps to store unrecognised keys, or to otherwise inspect the left-over
       arguments for some other purpose.

   _add_to_loop
          $notifier->_add_to_loop( $loop )

       This method is called when the Notifier has been added to a Loop; either directly, or
       indirectly through being a child of a Notifer already in a loop.

       This method may be used to perform any initial startup activity required for the Notifier
       to be fully functional but which requires a Loop to do so.

   _remove_from_loop
          $notifier->_remove_from_loop( $loop )

       This method is called when the Notifier has been removed from a Loop; either directly, or
       indirectly through being a child of a Notifier removed from the loop.

       This method may be used to undo the effects of any setup that the "_add_to_loop" method
       had originally done.

UTILITY METHODS

   _capture_weakself
          $mref = $notifier->_capture_weakself( $code )

       Returns a new CODE ref which, when invoked, will invoke the originally-passed ref, with
       additionally a reference to the Notifier as its first argument. The Notifier reference is
       stored weakly in $mref, so this CODE ref may be stored in the Notifier itself without
       creating a cycle.

       For example,

          my $mref = $notifier->_capture_weakself( sub {
             my ( $notifier, $arg ) = @_;
             print "Notifier $notifier got argument $arg\n";
          } );

          $mref->( 123 );

       This is provided as a utility for Notifier subclasses to use to build a callback CODEref
       to pass to a Loop method, but which may also want to store the CODE ref internally for
       efficiency.

       The $code argument may also be a plain string, which will be used as a method name; the
       returned CODE ref will then invoke that method on the object.  In this case the method
       name is stored symbolically in the returned CODE reference, and dynamically dispatched
       each time the reference is invoked. This allows it to follow code reloading, dynamic
       replacement of class methods, or other similar techniques.

       If the $mref CODE reference is being stored in some object other than the one it refers
       to, remember that since the Notifier is only weakly captured, it is possible that it has
       been destroyed by the time the code runs, and so the reference will be passed as "undef".
       This should be protected against by the code body.

          $other_object->{on_event} = $notifier->_capture_weakself( sub {
             my $notifier = shift or return;
             my ( @event_args ) = @_;
             ...
          } );

       For stand-alone generic implementation of this behaviour, see also curry and
       "curry::weak".

   _replace_weakself
          $mref = $notifier->_replace_weakself( $code )

       Returns a new CODE ref which, when invoked, will invoke the originally-passed ref, with a
       reference to the Notifier replacing its first argument. The Notifier reference is stored
       weakly in $mref, so this CODE ref may be stored in the Notifier itself without creating a
       cycle.

       For example,

          my $mref = $notifier->_replace_weakself( sub {
             my ( $notifier, $arg ) = @_;
             print "Notifier $notifier got argument $arg\n";
          } );

          $mref->( $object, 123 );

       This is provided as a utility for Notifier subclasses to use for event callbacks on other
       objects, where the delegated object is passed in the function's arguments.

       The $code argument may also be a plain string, which will be used as a method name; the
       returned CODE ref will then invoke that method on the object.  As with "_capture_weakself"
       this is stored symbolically.

       As with "_capture_weakself", care should be taken against Notifier destruction if the
       $mref CODE reference is stored in some other object.

   can_event
          $code = $notifier->can_event( $event_name )

       Returns a "CODE" reference if the object can perform the given event name, either by a
       configured "CODE" reference parameter, or by implementing a method. If the object is
       unable to handle this event, "undef" is returned.

   make_event_cb
          $callback = $notifier->make_event_cb( $event_name )

       Returns a "CODE" reference which, when invoked, will execute the given event handler.
       Event handlers may either be subclass methods, or parameters given to the "new" or
       "configure" method.

       The event handler can be passed extra arguments by giving them to the "CODE" reference;
       the first parameter received will be a reference to the notifier itself. This is stored
       weakly in the closure, so it is safe to store the resulting "CODE" reference in the object
       itself without causing a reference cycle.

   maybe_make_event_cb
          $callback = $notifier->maybe_make_event_cb( $event_name )

       Similar to "make_event_cb" but will return "undef" if the object cannot handle the named
       event, rather than throwing an exception.

   invoke_event
          @ret = $notifier->invoke_event( $event_name, @args )

       Invokes the given event handler, passing in the given arguments. Event handlers may either
       be subclass methods, or parameters given to the "new" or "configure" method. Returns
       whatever the underlying method or CODE reference returned.

   maybe_invoke_event
          $retref = $notifier->maybe_invoke_event( $event_name, @args )

       Similar to "invoke_event" but will return "undef" if the object cannot handle the name
       event, rather than throwing an exception. In order to distinguish this from an event-
       handling function that simply returned "undef", if the object does handle the event, the
       list that it returns will be returned in an ARRAY reference.

DEBUGGING SUPPORT

   debug_printf
          $notifier->debug_printf( $format, @args )

       Conditionally print a debugging message to "STDERR" if debugging is enabled.  If such a
       message is printed, it will be printed using "printf" using the given format and
       arguments. The message will be prefixed with a string, in square brackets, to help
       identify the $notifier instance. This string will be the class name of the notifier, and
       any parent notifiers it is contained by, joined by an arrow "<-". To ensure this string
       does not grow too long, certain prefixes are abbreviated:

          IO::Async::Protocol::  =>  IaP:
          IO::Async::            =>  Ia:
          Net::Async::           =>  Na:

       Finally, each notifier that has a name defined using the "notifier_name" parameter has
       that name appended in braces.

       For example, invoking

          $stream->debug_printf( "EVENT on_read" )

       On an IO::Async::Stream instance reading and writing a file descriptor whose "fileno" is
       4, which is a child of an IO::Async::Protocol::Stream, will produce a line of output:

          [Ia:Stream{rw=4}<-IaP:Stream] EVENT on_read

   invoke_error
          $notifier->invoke_error( $message, $name, @details )

       Invokes the stored "on_error" event handler, passing in the given arguments.  If no
       handler is defined, it will be passed up to the containing parent notifier, if one exists.
       If no parent exists, the error message will be thrown as an exception by using "die()" and
       this method will not return.

       If a handler is found to handle this error, the method will return as normal.  However, as
       the expected use-case is to handle "fatal" errors that now render the notifier unsuitable
       to continue, code should be careful not to perform any further work after invoking it.
       Specifically, sockets may become disconnected, or the entire notifier may now be removed
       from its containing loop.

       The $name and @details list should follow similar semantics to Future failures. That is,
       the $name should be a string giving a category of failure, and the @details list should
       contain additional arguments that relate to that kind of failure.

AUTHOR

       Paul Evans <leonerd@leonerd.org.uk>