Provided by: libio-stream-perl_2.0.3-2_all 
NAME
IO::Stream - ease non-blocking I/O streams based on EV
VERSION
This document describes IO::Stream version v2.0.3
SYNOPSIS
use EV;
use IO::Stream;
IO::Stream->new({
host => 'google.com',
port => 80,
cb => \&client,
wait_for => SENT|EOF,
in_buf_limit=> 102400,
out_buf => "GET / HTTP/1.0\nHost: google.com\n\n",
});
$EV::DIED = sub { warn $@; EV::unloop };
EV::loop;
sub client {
my ($io, $e, $err) = @_;
if ($err) {
$io->close();
die $err;
}
if ($e & SENT) {
print "request sent, waiting for reply...\n";
}
if ($e & EOF) {
print "server reply:\n", $io->{in_buf};
$io->close();
EV::unloop; # ALL DONE
}
}
DESCRIPTION
Non-blocking event-based low-level I/O is hard to get right. Code usually error-prone and
complex... and it very similar in all applications. Things become much worse when you need
to alter I/O stream in some way - use proxies, encryption, SSL, etc.
This module designed to give user ability to work with I/O streams on higher level, using
input/output buffers (just scalars) and high-level events like CONNECTED, SENT or EOF. As
same time it doesn't hide low-level things, and user still able to work on low-level
without any limitations.
PLUGINS
Architecture of this module make it ease to write plugins, which will alter I/O stream in
any way - route it through proxies, encrypt, log, etc.
Here are few available plugins, you may find more on CPAN: IO::Stream::Crypt::RC4,
IO::Stream::Proxy::HTTPS, IO::Stream::MatrixSSL::Client, IO::Stream::MatrixSSL::Server.
If you interested in writing own plugin, check source for "skeleton" plugins:
IO::Stream::Noop and IO::Stream::NoopAlias.
EXPORTS
This modules doesn't export any functions/methods/variables, but it exports a lot of
constants. There two groups of constants: events and errors (which can be imported using
tags ':Event' and ':Error'). By default all constants are exported.
Events:
RESOLVED CONNECTED IN OUT EOF SENT
Errors:
EINBUFLIMIT
ETORESOLVE ETOCONNECT ETOWRITE
EDNS EDNSNXDOMAIN EDNSNODATA
EREQINBUFLIMIT EREQINEOF
Errors are similar to $! - they're dualvars, having both textual and numeric values.
NOTE: Since v2.0.0 "ETORESOLVE", "EDNSNXDOMAIN" and "EDNSNODATA" are not used anymore
("EDNS" is used instead), but they're still exported for compatibility.
OVERVIEW
You can create IO::Stream object using any "stream" fh (file, TTY, UNIX socket, TCP
socket, pipe, FIFO). Or, if you need TCP socket, you can create IO::Stream object using
host+port instead of fh (in this case IO::Stream will do non-blocking host resolving,
create TCP socket and do non-blocking connect).
After you created IO::Stream object, it will handle read/write on this fh, and deliver
only high-level events you asked for into your callback, where you will be able to operate
with in/out buffers instead of doing sysread()/syswrite() manually.
There no limitations on what you can do with fh after you've created IO::Stream object -
you can even do sysread()/syswrite() (but there no reasons for you to do this anymore).
IMPORTANT! When you want to close this fh, you MUST use $io->close() method for closing fh
instead of doing close($fh). This is because IO::Stream doesn't require from you to keep
object returned by new(), and without call to $io->close() IO::Stream object will continue
to exists and may receive/generate some events, which is not what you expect after closing
fh. Also, if you keep object returned by IO::Stream->new() somewhere in your variables,
you should either undef all such variables after you called $io->close(), or you should
use Scalar::Util::weaken() on these variables after storing IO::Stream object. (The same
is applicable for all plugin objects too.)
EVENTS
RESOLVED
If you created IO::Stream object using {host}+{port} instead of {fh}, this event will
be generated after resolving {host}. Resolved IP address will be stored in {ip}.
CONNECTED
If you created IO::Stream object using {host}+{port} instead of {fh}, this event will
be generated after connecting socket to {ip}:{port}.
IN Generated after each successful read. IO::Stream may execute several sysread() at once
before generating IN event for optimization. Read data will be stored in {in_buf},
and {in_bytes} counter will be incremented by amount of bytes read.
EOF Generated only ONCE when EOF reached (sysread() return 0). Also will set {is_eof} to
true.
OUT Generated when some data from {out_buf} was written. Written bytes either removed from
{out_buf} or just increment {out_pos} by amount of bytes written (see documentation
about these fields below for more details). Also increment {out_bytes} counter by
amount of bytes written.
Here 'written' may be somewhat virtual, while {out_buf}/{out_pos} changes, the real
data still can be in plugin buffers (if you use plugins) and real syswrite() may not
be called yet. To detect when all data is really written you should use SENT event,
not OUT.
SENT
Generated when all data from {out_buf} was written. It's usual and safe to call
$io->close() on SENT event.
TIMEOUTS
IO::Stream has 30-second timeouts for connect and write, to timeout DNS resolve it use
default AnyEvent::DNS timeout. If you need to timeout other operations, you have to
create own timers using EV::timer().
Current version doesn't allow you to change these timeouts.
SERVER
If you need to run TCP/UNIX-server socket, then you should handle that socket manually.
But you can create IO::Stream object for accept()'ed socket:
my ($host, $port) = ('0.0.0.0', 1234);
socket my $srv_sock, AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0;
setsockopt $srv_sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, 1;
bind $srv_sock, sockaddr_in($port, inet_aton($host));
listen $srv_sock, SOMAXCONN;
fcntl $srv_sock, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK;
$srv_w = EV::io($srv_sock, EV::READ, sub {
if (accept my $sock, $srv_sock) {
IO::Stream->new({
fh => $sock,
cb => \&server,
wait_for => IN,
});
}
elsif ($! != EAGAIN) {
die "accept: $!";
}
});
INTERFACE
IO::Stream provide only three public methods: new(), write() and close(). new() will
create new object, close() will destroy it and write() must be called when you want to
modify (or just modified) output buffer.
All other operations are done using IO::Stream object fields - for simplicity and
performance reasons. Moreover, you can keep your own data in it. There convention on field
names, to avoid conflicts:
/^_/
Fields with names started with underscore are for internal use by IO::Stream, you
shouldn't touch them or create your own field with such names.
/^[a-z]/
Fields with names started with lower-case letter are part of IO::Stream public
interface - you allowed to read/write these fields, but you should not store incorrect
values in these fields. Check "PUBLIC FIELDS" below for description of available
fields and their format.
/^[A-Z]/
You can store your own data in IO::Stream object using field names started with upper-
case letter. IO::Stream will not touch these fields.
When some event arise which you're waited for, your callback will be called with 3
parameters: IO::Stream object, event mask, and error (if any):
sub callback {
my ($io, $e, $err) = @_;
}
METHODS
new
IO::Stream->new( \%opt );
Create and return IO::Stream object. You may not keep returned object - you will get it in
your callback (in first parameter) when some interesting for your event happens, and will
exists until to call method close(). See OVERVIEW for more details.
Fields of %opt become fields of created IO::Stream object. There only few fields required,
but you can set any other fields too, and can also set your custom fields (with names
starting from upper-case letter).
Only required fields in %opt are {cb} and either {fh} or {host}+{port}. The {wait_for}
field also highly recommended to set when creating object.
If {out_buf} will be set, then new() will automatically call write() after creating
object.
IO::Stream->new({
fh => \*STDIN,
cb => \&console,
wait_for => IN,
});
write
$io->write();
$io->write($data);
Method write() MUST be called after any modifications of {out_buf} field, to ensure data
in {out_buf} will be written to {fh} as soon as it will be possible.
If {fh} available for writing when calling write(), then it will write (may be partially)
{out_buf} and may immediately call your callback function delivering OUT|SENT events
there. So, if you call write() from that callback (as it usually happens), keep in mind it
may be called again while executing write(), and object state may significantly change (it
even may be close()'d) after it return from write() into your callback.
The write($data) is just a shortcut for:
$io->{out_buf} .= $data;
$io->write();
close
$io->close()
Method close() will close {fh} and destroy IO::Stream object. See OVERVIEW for more
details.
PUBLIC FIELDS
If field marked *RO* that mean field is read-only and shouldn't be changed.
Some field have default values (shown after equal sign).
Some field modified on events.
cb
method ='IO'
User callback which will be called when some listed in {wait_for} events arise or
error happens.
Field {cb} should be either CODE ref or object or class name. In last two cases method
named {method} will be called. Field {method} should be string.
wait_for
Bitmask of events interesting for user. Can be changed at any time. For example:
$io->{wait_for} = RESOLVED|CONNECTED|IN|EOF|OUT|SENT;
When some data will be read from {fh}, {wait_for} must contain IN and/or EOF, or error
EREQINEOF will be generated. So, it's better to always have IN and/or EOF in
{wait_for}.
If {wait_for} contain EOF and doesn't contain IN then {in_buf_limit} must be defined
or error EREQINBUFLIMIT will be generated.
fh *RO*
File handle for doing I/O. It's either provided by user to new(), or created by new()
(when user provided {host}+{port} instead).
host *RO*
port *RO*
If user doesn't provide {fh} to new(), he should provide {host} and {port} instead.
This way new() will create new TCP socket in {fh} and resolve {host} and connect this
{fh} to resolved {ip} and {port}. Both resolving and connecting happens in non-
blocking way, and will result in delivering RESOLVED and CONNECTED events into user
callback (if user {wait_for} these events).
in_buf_limit =undef
Used to avoid DoS attach when user doesn't handle IN events and want his callback
called only on EOF event. Must be defined if user have EOF without IN in {wait_for}.
Any value >0 will defined amount of bytes which can be read into {in_buf} before EOF
happens. When size of {in_buf} become larger than {in_buf_limit}, error EINBUFLIMIT
will be delivered to user callback. In this case user can either remove some data from
{in_buf} to make it smaller than {in_buf_limit} or increase {in_buf_limit}, and
continue reading data.
NOT RECOMMENDED! Value 0 will switch off DoS protection, so there will be no limit on
amount of data to read into {in_buf} until EOF happens.
out_buf =q{} # modified on: OUT
out_pos =undef # modified on: OUT
Data from {out_buf} will be written to {fh}.
If {out_pos} not defined, then data will be written from beginning of {out_buf}, and
after successful write written bytes will be removed from beginning of {out_buf}.
If {out_pos} defined, it should be >= 0. In this case data will be written from
{out_pos} position in {out_buf}, and after successful write {out_pos} will be
incremented by amount of bytes written. {out_buf} will not be changed!
out_bytes =0 # modified on: OUT
Each successful write will increment {out_bytes} by amount of written bytes. You can
change {out_bytes} in any way, but it should always be a number.
in_buf =q{} # modified on: IN
Each successful read will concatenate read bytes to {in_buf}. You can change {in_buf}
in any way, but it should always be a string.
in_bytes =0 # modified on: IN
Each successful read will increment {in_bytes} by amount of read bytes. You can
change {in_bytes} in any way, but it should always be a number.
ip *RO* =undef # modified on: RESOLVED
When you call new() with {host}+{port} instead of {fh} then IP address resolved from
{host} will be stored in {ip}, and event RESOLVED will be generated.
is_eof *RO* =undef # modified on: EOF
When EOF event happens {is_eof} will be set to true value. This allow you to detect
is EOF already happens at any time, even if you doesn't have EOF in {wait_for}.
plugin *RO* ={}
Allow you to set list of plugins when creating object with new(), and later access
these plugins.
This field is somewhat special, because when you call new() you should set plugin to
ARRAY ref, but in IO::Stream object {plugin} is HASH ref:
my $io = IO::Stream->new({
host => 'www.google.com',
port => 443,
cb => \&google,
wait_for => EOF,
in_buf_limit=> 102400,
out_buf => "GET / HTTP/1.0\nHost: www.google.com\n\n",
plugin => [ # <------ it's ARRAY, but looks like HASH
ssl => IO::Stream::MatrixSSL::Client->new(),
proxy => IO::Stream::Proxy::HTTPS->new({
host => 'my.proxy.com',
port => 3218,
user => 'me',
pass => 'my pass',
}),
],
MyField1 => 'my data1',
MyField2 => \%mydata2,
});
# access the "proxy" plugin:
$io->{plugin}{proxy};
This is because when calling new() it's important to keep plugins in order, but later
it's easier to access them using names.
DIAGNOSTICS
Exceptions may be thrown only in new(). All other errors will be delivered to user's
callback in last parameter.
"usage: IO::Stream->new({ cb=>, wait_for=>, [fh=>, | host=>, port=>,] ... })"
You called new() with wrong parameters.
"socket: %s"
"fcntl: %s"
Error happens while creating new socket. Usually this happens because you run out of
file descriptors.
"can't get file descriptor"
Failed to get fileno() for your fh. Either fh doesn't open, or this fh type is not
supported (directory handle), or fh is not file handle at all.
"can't create second object for same fh"
You can't have more than one IO::Stream object for same fh.
IO::Stream keep all objects created by new() until $io->close() will be called.
Probably you've closed fh in some way without calling $io->close(), then new fh was
created with same file descriptor number, and you've tried to create IO::Stream object
using new fh.
SEE ALSO
AnyEvent::Handle
SUPPORT
Bugs / Feature Requests
Please report any bugs or feature requests through the issue tracker at
<https://github.com/powerman/perl-IO-Stream/issues>. You will be notified automatically
of any progress on your issue.
Source Code
This is open source software. The code repository is available for public review and
contribution under the terms of the license. Feel free to fork the repository and submit
pull requests.
<https://github.com/powerman/perl-IO-Stream>
git clone https://github.com/powerman/perl-IO-Stream.git
Resources
• MetaCPAN Search
<https://metacpan.org/search?q=IO-Stream>
• CPAN Ratings
<http://cpanratings.perl.org/dist/IO-Stream>
• AnnoCPAN: Annotated CPAN documentation
<http://annocpan.org/dist/IO-Stream>
• CPAN Testers Matrix
<http://matrix.cpantesters.org/?dist=IO-Stream>
• CPANTS: A CPAN Testing Service (Kwalitee)
<http://cpants.cpanauthors.org/dist/IO-Stream>
AUTHOR
Alex Efros <powerman@cpan.org>
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
This software is Copyright (c) 2008- by Alex Efros <powerman@cpan.org>.
This is free software, licensed under:
The MIT (X11) License