Provided by: libnet-ssleay-perl_1.92-2_amd64 
NAME
Net::SSLeay - Perl bindings for OpenSSL and LibreSSL
SYNOPSIS
use Net::SSLeay qw(get_https post_https sslcat make_headers make_form);
($page) = get_https('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/'); # Case 1
($page, $response, %reply_headers)
= get_https('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/', # Case 2
make_headers(User-Agent => 'Cryptozilla/5.0b1',
Referer => 'https://www.bacus.pt'
));
($page, $result, %headers) = # Case 2b
= get_https('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/protected.html',
make_headers(Authorization =>
'Basic ' . MIME::Base64::encode("$user:$pass",''))
);
($page, $response, %reply_headers)
= post_https('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/foo.cgi', '', # Case 3
make_form(OK => '1',
name => 'Sampo'
));
$reply = sslcat($host, $port, $request); # Case 4
($reply, $err, $server_cert) = sslcat($host, $port, $request); # Case 5
$Net::SSLeay::trace = 2; # 0=no debugging, 1=ciphers, 2=trace, 3=dump data
Net::SSLeay::initialize(); # Initialize ssl library once
DESCRIPTION
This module provides Perl bindings for libssl (an SSL/TLS API) and libcrypto (a
cryptography API).
COMPATIBILITY
Net::SSLeay supports the following libssl implementations:
• Any stable release of OpenSSL <https://www.openssl.org> in the 0.9.8 - 3.0 branches,
except for OpenSSL 0.9.8 - 0.9.8b.
• Any stable release of LibreSSL <https://www.libressl.org> in the 2.0 - 3.4 series,
except for LibreSSL 3.2.2 and 3.2.3.
Net::SSLeay may not function as expected with releases other than the ones listed above
due to libssl API incompatibilities, or, in the case of LibreSSL, because of deviations
from the libssl API.
Net::SSLeay is only as secure as the underlying libssl implementation you use. Although
Net::SSLeay maintains compatibility with old versions of OpenSSL and LibreSSL, it is
strongly recommended that you use a version of OpenSSL or LibreSSL that is supported by
the OpenSSL/LibreSSL developers and/or your operating system vendor. Many unsupported
versions of OpenSSL and LibreSSL are known to contain severe security vulnerabilities.
Refer to the OpenSSL Release Strategy <https://www.openssl.org/policies/releasestrat.html>
and LibreSSL Support Schedule <https://www.libressl.org/releases.html> for information on
which versions are currently supported.
The libssl API has changed significantly since OpenSSL 0.9.8: hundreds of functions have
been added, deprecated or removed in the intervening versions. Although this
documentation lists all of the functions and constants that Net::SSLeay may expose, they
will not be available for use if they are missing from the underlying libssl
implementation. Refer to the compatibility notes in this documentation, as well as the
OpenSSL/LibreSSL manual pages, for information on which OpenSSL/LibreSSL versions support
each function or constant. At run-time, you can check whether a function or constant is
exposed before calling it using the following convention:
if ( defined &Net::SSLeay::libssl_function ) {
# libssl_function() (or SSL_libssl_function()) is available
Net::SSLeay::libssl_function(...);
}
OVERVIEW
Net::SSLeay module basically comprise of:
• High level functions for accessing web servers (by using HTTP/HTTPS)
• Low level API (mostly mapped 1:1 to openssl's C functions)
• Convenience functions (related to low level API but with more perl friendly interface)
There is also a related module called Net::SSLeay::Handle included in this distribution
that you might want to use instead. It has its own pod documentation.
High level functions for accessing web servers
This module offers some high level convenience functions for accessing web pages on SSL
servers (for symmetry, the same API is offered for accessing http servers, too), an
"sslcat()" function for writing your own clients, and finally access to the SSL api of the
SSLeay/OpenSSL package so you can write servers or clients for more complicated
applications.
For high level functions it is most convenient to import them into your main namespace as
indicated in the synopsis.
Basic set of functions
• get_https
• post_https
• put_https
• head_https
• do_https
• sslcat
• https_cat
• make_form
• make_headers
Case 1 (in SYNOPSIS) demonstrates the typical invocation of get_https() to fetch an HTML
page from secure server. The first argument provides the hostname or IP in dotted decimal
notation of the remote server to contact. The second argument is the TCP port at the
remote end (your own port is picked arbitrarily from high numbered ports as usual for
TCP). The third argument is the URL of the page without the host name part. If in doubt
consult the HTTP specifications at <http://www.w3c.org>.
Case 2 (in SYNOPSIS) demonstrates full fledged use of "get_https()". As can be seen,
"get_https()" parses the response and response headers and returns them as a list, which
can be captured in a hash for later reference. Also a fourth argument to "get_https()" is
used to insert some additional headers in the request. "make_headers()" is a function that
will convert a list or hash to such headers. By default "get_https()" supplies "Host" (to
make virtual hosting easy) and "Accept" (reportedly needed by IIS) headers.
Case 2b (in SYNOPSIS) demonstrates how to get a password protected page. Refer to the HTTP
protocol specifications for further details (e.g. RFC-2617).
Case 3 (in SYNOPSIS) invokes "post_https()" to submit a HTML/CGI form to a secure server.
The first four arguments are equal to "get_https()" (note that the empty string ('') is
passed as header argument). The fifth argument is the contents of the form formatted
according to CGI specification. Do not post UTF-8 data as content: use utf8::downgrade
first. In this case the helper function "make_https()" is used to do the formatting, but
you could pass any string. "post_https()" automatically adds "Content-Type" and
"Content-Length" headers to the request.
Case 4 (in SYNOPSIS) shows the fundamental "sslcat()" function (inspired in spirit by the
"netcat" utility :-). It's your swiss army knife that allows you to easily contact
servers, send some data, and then get the response. You are responsible for formatting the
data and parsing the response - "sslcat()" is just a transport.
Case 5 (in SYNOPSIS) is a full invocation of "sslcat()" which allows the return of errors
as well as the server (peer) certificate.
The $trace global variable can be used to control the verbosity of the high level
functions. Level 0 guarantees silence, level 1 (the default) only emits error messages.
Alternate versions of high-level API
• get_https3
• post_https3
• put_https3
• get_https4
• post_https4
• put_https4
The above mentioned functions actually return the response headers as a list, which only
gets converted to hash upon assignment (this assignment looses information if the same
header occurs twice, as may be the case with cookies). There are also other variants of
the functions that return unprocessed headers and that return a reference to a hash.
($page, $response, @headers) = get_https('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/');
for ($i = 0; $i < $#headers; $i+=2) {
print "$headers[$i] = " . $headers[$i+1] . "\n";
}
($page, $response, $headers, $server_cert)
= get_https3('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/');
print "$headers\n";
($page, $response, $headers_ref)
= get_https4('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/');
for $k (sort keys %{$headers_ref}) {
for $v (@{$$headers_ref{$k}}) {
print "$k = $v\n";
}
}
All of the above code fragments accomplish the same thing: display all values of all
headers. The API functions ending in "3" return the headers simply as a scalar string and
it is up to the application to split them up. The functions ending in "4" return a
reference to a hash of arrays (see perlref and perllol if you are not familiar with
complex perl data structures). To access a single value of such a header hash you would do
something like
print $$headers_ref{COOKIE}[0];
Variants 3 and 4 also allow you to discover the server certificate in case you would like
to store or display it, e.g.
($p, $resp, $hdrs, $server_cert) = get_https3('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/');
if (!defined($server_cert) || ($server_cert == 0)) {
warn "Subject Name: undefined, Issuer Name: undefined";
} else {
warn 'Subject Name: '
. Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_oneline(
Net::SSLeay::X509_get_subject_name($server_cert))
. 'Issuer Name: '
. Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_oneline(
Net::SSLeay::X509_get_issuer_name($server_cert));
}
Beware that this method only allows after the fact verification of the certificate: by the
time "get_https3()" has returned the https request has already been sent to the server,
whether you decide to trust it or not. To do the verification correctly you must either
employ the OpenSSL certificate verification framework or use the lower level API to first
connect and verify the certificate and only then send the http data. See the
implementation of "ds_https3()" for guidance on how to do this.
Using client certificates
Secure web communications are encrypted using symmetric crypto keys exchanged using
encryption based on the certificate of the server. Therefore in all SSL connections the
server must have a certificate. This serves both to authenticate the server to the clients
and to perform the key exchange.
Sometimes it is necessary to authenticate the client as well. Two options are available:
HTTP basic authentication and a client side certificate. The basic authentication over
HTTPS is actually quite safe because HTTPS guarantees that the password will not travel in
the clear. Never-the-less, problems like easily guessable passwords remain. The client
certificate method involves authentication of the client at the SSL level using a
certificate. For this to work, both the client and the server have certificates (which
typically are different) and private keys.
The API functions outlined above accept additional arguments that allow one to supply the
client side certificate and key files. The format of these files is the same as used for
server certificates and the caveat about encrypting private keys applies.
($page, $result, %headers) = # 2c
= get_https('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/protected.html',
make_headers(Authorization =>
'Basic ' . MIME::Base64::encode("$user:$pass",'')),
'', $mime_type6, $path_to_crt7, $path_to_key8);
($page, $response, %reply_headers)
= post_https('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/foo.cgi', # 3b
make_headers('Authorization' =>
'Basic ' . MIME::Base64::encode("$user:$pass",'')),
make_form(OK => '1', name => 'Sampo'),
$mime_type6, $path_to_crt7, $path_to_key8);
Case 2c (in SYNOPSIS) demonstrates getting a password protected page that also requires a
client certificate, i.e. it is possible to use both authentication methods simultaneously.
Case 3b (in SYNOPSIS) is a full blown POST to a secure server that requires both password
authentication and a client certificate, just like in case 2c.
Note: The client will not send a certificate unless the server requests one. This is
typically achieved by setting the verify mode to "VERIFY_PEER" on the server:
Net::SSLeay::set_verify(ssl, Net::SSLeay::VERIFY_PEER, 0);
See "perldoc ~openssl/doc/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_verify.pod" for a full description.
Working through a web proxy
• set_proxy
"Net::SSLeay" can use a web proxy to make its connections. You need to first set the proxy
host and port using "set_proxy()" and then just use the normal API functions, e.g:
Net::SSLeay::set_proxy('gateway.myorg.com', 8080);
($page) = get_https('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/');
If your proxy requires authentication, you can supply a username and password as well
Net::SSLeay::set_proxy('gateway.myorg.com', 8080, 'joe', 'salainen');
($page, $result, %headers) =
= get_https('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/protected.html',
make_headers(Authorization =>
'Basic ' . MIME::Base64::encode("susie:pass",''))
);
This example demonstrates the case where we authenticate to the proxy as "joe" and to the
final web server as "susie". Proxy authentication requires the "MIME::Base64" module to
work.
HTTP (without S) API
• get_http
• post_http
• tcpcat
• get_httpx
• post_httpx
• tcpxcat
Over the years it has become clear that it would be convenient to use the light-weight
flavour API of "Net::SSLeay" for normal HTTP as well (see "LWP" for the heavy-weight
object-oriented approach). In fact it would be nice to be able to flip https on and off on
the fly. Thus regular HTTP support was evolved.
use Net::SSLeay qw(get_http post_http tcpcat
get_httpx post_httpx tcpxcat
make_headers make_form);
($page, $result, %headers)
= get_http('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/protected.html',
make_headers(Authorization =>
'Basic ' . MIME::Base64::encode("$user:$pass",''))
);
($page, $response, %reply_headers)
= post_http('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/foo.cgi', '',
make_form(OK => '1',
name => 'Sampo'
));
($reply, $err) = tcpcat($host, $port, $request);
($page, $result, %headers)
= get_httpx($usessl, 'www.bacus.pt', 443, '/protected.html',
make_headers(Authorization =>
'Basic ' . MIME::Base64::encode("$user:$pass",''))
);
($page, $response, %reply_headers)
= post_httpx($usessl, 'www.bacus.pt', 443, '/foo.cgi', '',
make_form(OK => '1', name => 'Sampo' ));
($reply, $err, $server_cert) = tcpxcat($usessl, $host, $port, $request);
As can be seen, the "x" family of APIs takes as the first argument a flag which indicates
whether SSL is used or not.
Certificate verification and Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs)
OpenSSL supports the ability to verify peer certificates. It can also optionally check the
peer certificate against a Certificate Revocation List (CRL) from the certificates issuer.
A CRL is a file, created by the certificate issuer that lists all the certificates that it
previously signed, but which it now revokes. CRLs are in PEM format.
You can enable "Net::SSLeay CRL" checking like this:
&Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_set_flags
(&Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_cert_store($ssl),
&Net::SSLeay::X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK);
After setting this flag, if OpenSSL checks a peer's certificate, then it will attempt to
find a CRL for the issuer. It does this by looking for a specially named file in the
search directory specified by CTX_load_verify_locations. CRL files are named with the
hash of the issuer's subject name, followed by ".r0", ".r1" etc. For example
"ab1331b2.r0", "ab1331b2.r1". It will read all the .r files for the issuer, and then check
for a revocation of the peer certificate in all of them. (You can also force it to look
in a specific named CRL file., see below). You can find out the hash of the issuer
subject name in a CRL with
openssl crl -in crl.pem -hash -noout
If the peer certificate does not pass the revocation list, or if no CRL is found, then the
handshaking fails with an error.
You can also force OpenSSL to look for CRLs in one or more arbitrarily named files.
my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($crlfilename, 'r');
my $crl = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_X509_CRL($bio);
if ($crl) {
Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_add_crl(
Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_cert_store($ssl, $crl)
);
} else {
error reading CRL....
}
Usually the URLs where you can download the CRLs is contained in the certificate itself
and you can extract them with
my @url = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_crl_distribution_points($cert)
But there is no automatic downloading of the CRLs and often these CRLs are too huge to
just download them to verify a single certificate. Also, these CRLs are often in DER
format which you need to convert to PEM before you can use it:
openssl crl -in crl.der -inform der -out crl.pem
So as an alternative for faster and timely revocation checks you better use the Online
Status Revocation Protocol (OCSP).
Certificate verification and Online Status Revocation Protocol (OCSP)
While checking for revoked certificates is possible and fast with Certificate Revocation
Lists, you need to download the complete and often huge list before you can verify a
single certificate.
A faster way is to ask the CA to check the revocation of just a single or a few
certificates using OCSP. Basically you generate for each certificate an OCSP_CERTID based
on the certificate itself and its issuer, put the ids togetether into an OCSP_REQUEST and
send the request to the URL given in the certificate.
As a result you get back an OCSP_RESPONSE and need to check the status of the response,
check that it is valid (e.g. signed by the CA) and finally extract the information about
each OCSP_CERTID to find out if the certificate is still valid or got revoked.
With Net::SSLeay this can be done like this:
# get id(s) for given certs, like from get_peer_certificate
# or get_peer_cert_chain. This will croak if
# - one tries to make an OCSP_CERTID for a self-signed certificate
# - the issuer of the certificate cannot be found in the SSL objects
# store, nor in the current certificate chain
my $cert = Net::SSLeay::get_peer_certificate($ssl);
my $id = eval { Net::SSLeay::OCSP_cert2ids($ssl,$cert) };
die "failed to make OCSP_CERTID: $@" if $@;
# create OCSP_REQUEST from id(s)
# Multiple can be put into the same request, if the same OCSP responder
# is responsible for them.
my $req = Net::SSLeay::OCSP_ids2req($id);
# determine URI of OCSP responder
my $uri = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_ocsp_uri($cert);
# Send stringified OCSP_REQUEST with POST to $uri.
# We can ignore certificate verification for https, because the OCSP
# response itself is signed.
my $ua = HTTP::Tiny->new(verify_SSL => 0);
my $res = $ua->request( 'POST',$uri, {
headers => { 'Content-type' => 'application/ocsp-request' },
content => Net::SSLeay::i2d_OCSP_REQUEST($req)
});
my $content = $res && $res->{success} && $res->{content}
or die "query failed";
# Extract OCSP_RESPONSE.
# this will croak if the string is not an OCSP_RESPONSE
my $resp = eval { Net::SSLeay::d2i_OCSP_RESPONSE($content) };
# Check status of response.
my $status = Net::SSLeay::OCSP_response_status($resp);
if ($status != Net::SSLeay::OCSP_RESPONSE_STATUS_SUCCESSFUL())
die "OCSP response failed: ".
Net::SSLeay::OCSP_response_status_str($status);
}
# Verify signature of response and if nonce matches request.
# This will croak if there is a nonce in the response, but it does not match
# the request. It will return false if the signature could not be verified,
# in which case details can be retrieved with Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error.
# It will not complain if the response does not contain a nonce, which is
# usually the case with pre-signed responses.
if ( ! eval { Net::SSLeay::OCSP_response_verify($ssl,$resp,$req) }) {
die "OCSP response verification failed";
}
# Extract information from OCSP_RESPONSE for each of the ids.
# If called in scalar context it will return the time (as time_t), when the
# next update is due (minimum of all successful responses inside $resp). It
# will croak on the following problems:
# - response is expired or not yet valid
# - no response for given OCSP_CERTID
# - certificate status is not good (e.g. revoked or unknown)
if ( my $nextupd = eval { Net::SSLeay::OCSP_response_results($resp,$id) }) {
warn "certificate is valid, next update in ".
($nextupd-time())." seconds\n";
} else {
die "certificate is not valid: $@";
}
# But in array context it will return detailed information about each given
# OCSP_CERTID instead croaking on errors:
# if no @ids are given it will return information about all single responses
# in the OCSP_RESPONSE
my @results = Net::SSLeay::OCSP_response_results($resp,@ids);
for my $r (@results) {
print Dumper($r);
# @results are in the same order as the @ids and contain:
# $r->[0] - OCSP_CERTID
# $r->[1] - undef if no error (certificate good) OR error message as string
# $r->[2] - hash with details:
# thisUpdate - time_t of this single response
# nextUpdate - time_t when update is expected
# statusType - integer:
# V_OCSP_CERTSTATUS_GOOD(0)
# V_OCSP_CERTSTATUS_REVOKED(1)
# V_OCSP_CERTSTATUS_UNKNOWN(2)
# revocationTime - time_t (only if revoked)
# revocationReason - integer (only if revoked)
# revocationReason_str - reason as string (only if revoked)
}
To further speed up certificate revocation checking one can use a TLS extension to
instruct the server to staple the OCSP response:
# set TLS extension before doing SSL_connect
Net::SSLeay::set_tlsext_status_type($ssl,
Net::SSLeay::TLSEXT_STATUSTYPE_ocsp());
# setup callback to verify OCSP response
my $cert_valid = undef;
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_tlsext_status_cb($context,sub {
my ($ssl,$resp) = @_;
if (!$resp) {
# Lots of servers don't return an OCSP response.
# In this case we must check the OCSP status outside the SSL
# handshake.
warn "server did not return stapled OCSP response\n";
return 1;
}
# verify status
my $status = Net::SSLeay::OCSP_response_status($resp);
if ($status != Net::SSLeay::OCSP_RESPONSE_STATUS_SUCCESSFUL()) {
warn "OCSP response failure: $status\n";
return 1;
}
# verify signature - we have no OCSP_REQUEST here to check nonce
if (!eval { Net::SSLeay::OCSP_response_verify($ssl,$resp) }) {
warn "OCSP response verify failed\n";
return 1;
}
# check if the certificate is valid
# we should check here against the peer_certificate
my $cert = Net::SSLeay::get_peer_certificate();
my $certid = eval { Net::SSLeay::OCSP_cert2ids($ssl,$cert) } or do {
warn "cannot get certid from cert: $@";
$cert_valid = -1;
return 1;
};
if ( $nextupd = eval {
Net::SSLeay::OCSP_response_results($resp,$certid) }) {
warn "certificate not revoked\n";
$cert_valid = 1;
} else {
warn "certificate not valid: $@";
$cert_valid = 0;
}
});
# do SSL handshake here
....
# check if certificate revocation was checked already
if ( ! defined $cert_valid) {
# check revocation outside of SSL handshake by asking OCSP responder
...
} elsif ( ! $cert_valid ) {
die "certificate not valid - closing SSL connection";
} elsif ( $cert_valid<0 ) {
die "cannot verify certificate revocation - self-signed ?";
} else {
# everything fine
...
}
Using Net::SSLeay in multi-threaded applications
IMPORTANT: versions 1.42 or earlier are not thread-safe!
Net::SSLeay module implements all necessary stuff to be ready for multi-threaded
environment - it requires openssl-0.9.7 or newer. The implementation fully follows thread
safety related requirements of openssl library(see
<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/threads.html>).
If you are about to use Net::SSLeay (or any other module based on Net::SSLeay) in multi-
threaded perl application it is recommended to follow this best-practice:
Initialization
Load and initialize Net::SSLeay module in the main thread:
use threads;
use Net::SSLeay;
Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings();
Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms();
Net::SSLeay::randomize();
sub do_master_job {
#... call whatever from Net::SSLeay
}
sub do_worker_job {
#... call whatever from Net::SSLeay
}
#start threads
my $master = threads->new(\&do_master_job, 'param1', 'param2');
my @workers = threads->new(\&do_worker_job, 'arg1', 'arg2') for (1..10);
#waiting for all threads to finish
$_->join() for (threads->list);
NOTE: Openssl's "int SSL_library_init(void)" function (which is also aliased as
"SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms", "OpenSSL_add_ssl_algorithms" and "add_ssl_algorithms") is not
re-entrant and multiple calls can cause a crash in threaded application. Net::SSLeay
implements flags preventing repeated calls to this function, therefore even multiple
initialization via Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms() should work without trouble.
Using callbacks
Do not use callbacks across threads (the module blocks cross-thread callback operations
and throws a warning). Always do the callback setup, callback use and callback destruction
within the same thread.
Using openssl elements
All openssl elements (X509, SSL_CTX, ...) can be directly passed between threads.
use threads;
use Net::SSLeay;
Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings();
Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms();
Net::SSLeay::randomize();
sub do_job {
my $context = shift;
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_default_passwd_cb($context, sub { "secret" });
#...
}
my $c = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new();
threads->create(\&do_job, $c);
Or:
use threads;
use Net::SSLeay;
my $context; #does not need to be 'shared'
Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings();
Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms();
Net::SSLeay::randomize();
sub do_job {
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_default_passwd_cb($context, sub { "secret" });
#...
}
$context = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new();
threads->create(\&do_job);
Using other perl modules based on Net::SSLeay
It should be fine to use any other module based on Net::SSLeay (like IO::Socket::SSL) in
multi-threaded applications. It is generally recommended to do any global initialization
of such a module in the main thread before calling "threads->new(..)" or
"threads->create(..)" but it might differ module by module.
To be safe you can load and init Net::SSLeay explicitly in the main thread:
use Net::SSLeay;
use Other::SSLeay::Based::Module;
Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings();
Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms();
Net::SSLeay::randomize();
Or even safer:
use Net::SSLeay;
use Other::SSLeay::Based::Module;
BEGIN {
Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings();
Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms();
Net::SSLeay::randomize();
}
Combining Net::SSLeay with other modules linked with openssl
BEWARE: This might be a big trouble! This is not guaranteed be thread-safe!
There are many other (XS) modules linked directly to openssl library (like Crypt::SSLeay).
As it is expected that also "another" module will call "SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms" at some
point we have again a trouble with multiple openssl initialization by Net::SSLeay and
"another" module.
As you can expect Net::SSLeay is not able to avoid multiple initialization of openssl
library called by "another" module, thus you have to handle this on your own (in some
cases it might not be possible at all to avoid this).
Threading with get_https and friends
The convenience functions get_https, post_https etc all initialize the SSL library by
calling Net::SSLeay::initialize which does the conventional library initialization:
Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings();
Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms();
Net::SSLeay::randomize();
Net::SSLeay::initialize initializes the SSL library at most once. You can override the
Net::SSLeay::initialize function if you desire some other type of initialization behaviour
by get_https and friends. You can call Net::SSLeay::initialize from your own code if you
desire this conventional library initialization.
Convenience routines
To be used with Low level API
Net::SSLeay::randomize($rn_seed_file,$additional_seed);
Net::SSLeay::set_cert_and_key($ctx, $cert_path, $key_path);
$cert = Net::SSLeay::dump_peer_certificate($ssl);
Net::SSLeay::ssl_write_all($ssl, $message) or die "ssl write failure";
$got = Net::SSLeay::ssl_read_all($ssl) or die "ssl read failure";
$got = Net::SSLeay::ssl_read_CRLF($ssl [, $max_length]);
$got = Net::SSLeay::ssl_read_until($ssl [, $delimit [, $max_length]]);
Net::SSLeay::ssl_write_CRLF($ssl, $message);
• randomize
seeds the openssl PRNG with "/dev/urandom" (see the top of "SSLeay.pm" for how to
change or configure this) and optionally with user provided data. It is very important
to properly seed your random numbers, so do not forget to call this. The high level
API functions automatically call "randomize()" so it is not needed with them. See also
caveats.
• set_cert_and_key
takes two file names as arguments and sets the certificate and private key to those.
This can be used to set either server certificates or client certificates.
• dump_peer_certificate
allows you to get a plaintext description of the certificate the peer (usually the
server) presented to us.
• ssl_read_all
see ssl_write_all (below)
• ssl_write_all
"ssl_read_all()" and "ssl_write_all()" provide true blocking semantics for these
operations (see limitation, below, for explanation). These are much preferred to the
low level API equivalents (which implement BSD blocking semantics). The message
argument to "ssl_write_all()" can be a reference. This is helpful to avoid unnecessary
copying when writing something big, e.g:
$data = 'A' x 1000000000;
Net::SSLeay::ssl_write_all($ssl, \$data) or die "ssl write failed";
• ssl_read_CRLF
uses "ssl_read_all()" to read in a line terminated with a carriage return followed by
a linefeed (CRLF). The CRLF is included in the returned scalar.
• ssl_read_until
uses "ssl_read_all()" to read from the SSL input stream until it encounters a
programmer specified delimiter. If the delimiter is undefined, $/ is used. If $/ is
undefined, "\n" is used. One can optionally set a maximum length of bytes to read
from the SSL input stream.
• ssl_write_CRLF
writes $message and appends CRLF to the SSL output stream.
Initialization
In order to use the low level API you should start your programs with the following
incantation:
use Net::SSLeay qw(die_now die_if_ssl_error);
Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings();
Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms(); # Important!
Net::SSLeay::ENGINE_load_builtin_engines(); # If you want built-in engines
Net::SSLeay::ENGINE_register_all_complete(); # If you want built-in engines
Net::SSLeay::randomize();
Error handling functions
I can not emphasize the need to check for error enough. Use these functions even in the
most simple programs, they will reduce debugging time greatly. Do not ask questions on the
mailing list without having first sprinkled these in your code.
• die_now
• die_if_ssl_error
"die_now()" and "die_if_ssl_error()" are used to conveniently print the SSLeay error
stack when something goes wrong:
Net::SSLeay::connect($ssl) or die_now("Failed SSL connect ($!)");
Net::SSLeay::write($ssl, "foo") or die_if_ssl_error("SSL write ($!)");
• print_errs
You can also use "Net::SSLeay::print_errs()" to dump the error stack without exiting
the program. As can be seen, your code becomes much more readable if you import the
error reporting functions into your main name space.
Sockets
Perl uses file handles for all I/O. While SSLeay has a quite flexible BIO mechanism and
perl has an evolved PerlIO mechanism, this module still sticks to using file descriptors.
Thus to attach SSLeay to a socket you should use "fileno()" to extract the underlying file
descriptor:
Net::SSLeay::set_fd($ssl, fileno(S)); # Must use fileno
You should also set $| to 1 to eliminate STDIO buffering so you do not get confused if you
use perl I/O functions to manipulate your socket handle.
If you need to select(2) on the socket, go right ahead, but be warned that OpenSSL does
some internal buffering so SSL_read does not always return data even if the socket
selected for reading (just keep on selecting and trying to read). "Net::SSLeay" is no
different from the C language OpenSSL in this respect.
Callbacks
You can establish a per-context verify callback function something like this:
sub verify {
my ($ok, $x509_store_ctx) = @_;
print "Verifying certificate...\n";
...
return $ok;
}
It is used like this:
Net::SSLeay::set_verify ($ssl, Net::SSLeay::VERIFY_PEER, \&verify);
Per-context callbacks for decrypting private keys are implemented.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_default_passwd_cb($ctx, sub { "top-secret" });
Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_PrivateKey_file($ctx, "key.pem",
Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM)
or die "Error reading private key";
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_default_passwd_cb($ctx, undef);
If Hello Extensions are supported by your OpenSSL, a session secret callback can be set up
to be called when a session secret is set by openssl.
Establish it like this:
Net::SSLeay::set_session_secret_cb($ssl, \&session_secret_cb, $somedata);
It will be called like this:
sub session_secret_cb
{
my ($secret, \@cipherlist, \$preferredcipher, $somedata) = @_;
}
No other callbacks are implemented. You do not need to use any callback for simple (i.e.
normal) cases where the SSLeay built-in verify mechanism satisfies your needs.
It is required to reset these callbacks to undef immediately after use to prevent memory
leaks, thread safety problems and crashes on exit that can occur if different threads set
different callbacks.
If you want to use callback stuff, see examples/callback.pl! It's the only one I am able
to make work reliably.
Low level API
In addition to the high level functions outlined above, this module contains straight-
forward access to CRYPTO and SSL parts of OpenSSL C API.
See the "*.h" headers from OpenSSL C distribution for a list of low level SSLeay functions
to call (check SSLeay.xs to see if some function has been implemented). The module strips
the initial "SSL_" off of the SSLeay names. Generally you should use "Net::SSLeay::" in
its place.
Note that some functions are prefixed with "P_" - these are very close to the original API
however contain some kind of a wrapper making its interface more perl friendly.
For example:
In C:
#include <ssl.h>
err = SSL_set_verify (ssl, SSL_VERIFY_CLIENT_ONCE,
&your_call_back_here);
In Perl:
use Net::SSLeay;
$err = Net::SSLeay::set_verify ($ssl,
Net::SSLeay::VERIFY_CLIENT_ONCE,
\&your_call_back_here);
If the function does not start with "SSL_" you should use the full function name, e.g.:
$err = Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error;
The following new functions behave in perlish way:
$got = Net::SSLeay::read($ssl);
# Performs SSL_read, but returns $got
# resized according to data received.
# Returns undef on failure.
Net::SSLeay::write($ssl, $foo) || die;
# Performs SSL_write, but automatically
# figures out the size of $foo
Low level API: Version and library information related functions
• OpenSSL_version_num and SSLeay
COMPATIBILITY: SSLeay() is not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before. SSLeay() was
made an alias of OpenSSL_version_num() in OpenSSL 1.1.0 and LibreSSL 2.7.0.
COMPATIBILITY: OpenSSL_version_num() requires at least Net-SSLeay-1.82 with OpenSSL
1.1.0, or Net-SSLeay-1.88 with LibreSSL 2.7.0.
Both functions return OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER constant (numeric) as defined by the
underlying OpenSSL or LibreSSL library.
my $ver_number = Net::SSLeay::SSLeay();
or
my $ver_number = Net::SSLeay::OpenSSL_version_num();
# returns: OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER constant
OpenSSL version numbering is:
# 0x00903100 => openssl-0.9.3
# 0x00904100 => openssl-0.9.4
# 0x00905100 => openssl-0.9.5
# 0x0090600f => openssl-0.9.6
# 0x0090601f => openssl-0.9.6a
# ...
# 0x009060df => openssl-0.9.6m
# 0x0090700f => openssl-0.9.7
# 0x0090701f => openssl-0.9.7a
# ...
# 0x009070df => openssl-0.9.7m
# 0x0090800f => openssl-0.9.8
# 0x0090801f => openssl-0.9.8a
# ...
# 0x0090821f => openssl-0.9.8zh
# 0x1000000f => openssl-1.0.0
# ...
# 0x1000014f => openssl-1.0.0t
# 0x1000100f => openssl-1.0.1
# ...
# 0x1000115f => openssl-1.0.1u
# 0x1000200f => openssl-1.0.2
# ...
# 0x1000215f => openssl-1.0.2u
# 0x1010000f => openssl-1.1.0
# ...
# 0x101000cf => openssl-1.1.0l
# 0x1010100f => openssl-1.1.1
# ...
# 0x101010df => openssl-1.1.1m
# 0x30000000 => openssl-3.0.0
# 0x30000010 => openssl-3.0.1
Note that OpenSSL 3.0.0 and later do not set the status nibble in the
least significant octet to f.
LibreSSL returns 0x20000000 always:
# 0x20000000 => libressl-2.2.1
# ...
# 0x20000000 => libressl-3.4.2
You can use the version number like this when you know that the underlying library is
OpenSSL:
if (Net::SSLeay::SSLeay() < 0x0090800f) {
die "You need OpenSSL 0.9.8 or higher";
}
LibresSSL 2.2.2 and later define constant LIBRESSL_VERSION_NUMBER that gives the
LibreSSL version number. The format is the same that OpenSSL uses with
OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER. You can do this if you need to check that the underlying
library is LibreSSL and it's recent enough:
if (Net::SSLeay::SSLeay() != 0x20000000 ||
Net::SSLeay::LIBRESSL_VERSION_NUMBER() < 0x3040200f) {
die "You need LibreSSL. Version 3.4.2 or higher";
}
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/OpenSSL_version_num.html>
See OpenSSL 1.1.1 and earlier documentation for the details of status nibble and the
format interpretation.
• SSLeay_version
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before
Returns different strings depending on $type.
my $ver_string = Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_version($type);
# $type
# SSLEAY_VERSION - e.g. 'OpenSSL 1.0.0d 8 Feb 2011'
# SSLEAY_CFLAGS - e.g. 'compiler: gcc -D_WINDLL -DOPENSSL_USE_APPLINK .....'
# SSLEAY_BUILT_ON - e.g. 'built on: Fri May 6 00:00:46 GMT 2011'
# SSLEAY_PLATFORM - e.g. 'platform: mingw'
# SSLEAY_DIR - e.g. 'OPENSSLDIR: "z:/...."'
#
# returns: string
Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_version();
#is equivalent to
Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_version(SSLEAY_VERSION);
OpenSSL 1.1.0 changed SSLeay_version() to an alias of OpenSSL_version(). To ensure
correct functionality with LibreSSL, use SSLEAY_* constants with SSLeay_version() and
OPENSSL_* constants with OpenSSL_version().
Check openssl doc <https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/OpenSSL_version.html>
OpenSSL website no longer has a manual page for SSLeay_version().
• OpenSSL_version
COMPATIBILITY: requires at least Net-SSLeay-1.82 with OpenSSL 1.1.0, or
Net-SSLeay-1.88 with LibreSSL 2.7.0.
Returns different strings depending on $t. Available $t constants depend on the
library version.
my $ver_string = Net::SSLeay::OpenSSL_version($t);
# $t
# OPENSSL_VERSION - e.g. 'OpenSSL 1.1.0g 2 Nov 2017'
# OPENSSL_CFLAGS - e.g. 'compiler: cc -DDSO_DLFCN -DHAVE_DLFCN_H .....'
# OPENSSL_BUILT_ON - e.g. 'built on: reproducible build, date unspecified'
# OPENSSL_PLATFORM - e.g. 'platform: darwin64-x86_64-cc'
# OPENSSL_DIR - e.g. 'OPENSSLDIR: "/opt/openssl-1.1.0g"'
# OPENSSL_ENGINES_DIR - e.g. 'ENGINESDIR: "/opt/openssl-1.1.0g/lib/engines-1.1"'
#
# returns: string
Net::SSLeay::OpenSSL_version();
#is equivalent to
Net::SSLeay::OpenSSL_version(OPENSSL_VERSION);
Check openssl doc <https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/OpenSSL_version.html>
• OPENSSL_info
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.90 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
3.0.0-alpha1
Returns different strings depending on $t. Available $t constants depend on the
library version.
my $info_string = Net::SSLeay::OPENSSL_info($t);
# $t
# OPENSSL_INFO_CONFIG_DIR - e.g. '/opt/openssl-3.0.1'
# OPENSSL_INFO_...
#
# returns: string
Check openssl doc <https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/OPENSSL_info.html>
• OPENSSL_version_major, OPENSSL_version_minor and OPENSSL_version_patch
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.90 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
3.0.0-alpha1, not in LibreSSL
Return constants OPENSSL_VERSION_MAJOR, OPENSSL_VERSION_MINOR and
OPENSSL_VERSION_PATCH, respectively.
my $major = Net::SSLeay::OPENSSL_version_major();
my $minor = Net::SSLeay::OPENSSL_version_minor();
my $patch = Net::SSLeay::OPENSSL_version_patch();
#
# return: integer
For example with OpenSSL 3.0.1, $major is 3, $minor is 0 and $patch is 1.
Note: the constants record Net::SSLeay compile time values whereas the three functions
return values from the library. Typically these are the same, but they can be
different if the library version is updated but Net::SSLeay is not re-compiled. See
the OpenSSL and LibreSSL API/ABI compatibility statements for more information.
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/OPENSSL_version_major.html>
• OPENSSL_version_pre_release
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.90 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
3.0.0-alpha1, not in LibreSSL
Return constant string defined by C macro OPENSSL_VERSION_PRE_RELEASE.
my $pre_release = Net::SSLeay::OPENSSL_version_pre_release();
#
# returns: string
For example: "-alpha3" or "" for a release version.
When the macro is not defined, an empty string is returned instead.
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/OPENSSL_version_pre_release.html>
• OPENSSL_version_build_metadata()
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.90 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
3.0.0-alpha1, not in LibreSSL
Return constant string defined by C macro OPENSSL_VERSION_BUILD_METADATA.
my $metadata = Net::SSLeay::OPENSSL_version_build_metadata();
#
# returns: string
For example: "+fips" or "".
When the macro is not defined, an empty string is returned instead.
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/OPENSSL_version_build_metadata.html>
Low level API: Initialization related functions
• library_init
Initialize SSL library by registering algorithms.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::library_init();
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_library_init.html>
While the original function from OpenSSL always returns 1, Net::SSLeay adds a wrapper
around it to make sure that the OpenSSL function is only called once. Thus the
function will return 1 if initialization was done and 0 if not, i.e. if initialization
was done already before.
• add_ssl_algorithms
The alias for "library_init"
Net::SSLeay::add_ssl_algorithms();
• OpenSSL_add_ssl_algorithms
The alias for "library_init"
Net::SSLeay::OpenSSL_add_ssl_algorithms();
• SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms
The alias for "library_init"
Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms();
• load_error_strings
Registers the error strings for all libcrypto + libssl related functions.
Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings();
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/ERR_load_crypto_strings.html>
• ERR_load_crypto_strings
Registers the error strings for all libcrypto functions. No need to call this function
if you have already called "load_error_strings".
Net::SSLeay::ERR_load_crypto_strings();
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/ERR_load_crypto_strings.html>
• ERR_load_RAND_strings
Registers the error strings for RAND related functions. No need to call this function
if you have already called "load_error_strings".
Net::SSLeay::ERR_load_RAND_strings();
#
# returns: no return value
• ERR_load_SSL_strings
Registers the error strings for SSL related functions. No need to call this function
if you have already called "load_error_strings".
Net::SSLeay::ERR_load_SSL_strings();
#
# returns: no return value
• OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Add algorithms to internal table.
Net::SSLeay::OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms.html>
• OPENSSL_add_all_algorithms_conf
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Similar to "OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms" - will ALWAYS load the config file
Net::SSLeay::OPENSSL_add_all_algorithms_conf();
#
# returns: no return value
• OPENSSL_add_all_algorithms_noconf
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Similar to "OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms" - will NEVER load the config file
Net::SSLeay::OPENSSL_add_all_algorithms_noconf();
#
# returns: no return value
Low level API: ERR_* and SSL_alert_* related functions
NOTE: Please note that SSL_alert_* function have "SSL_" part stripped from their names.
• ERR_clear_error
Clear the error queue.
Net::SSLeay::ERR_clear_error();
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/ERR_clear_error.html>
• ERR_error_string
Generates a human-readable string representing the error code $error.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string($error);
# $error - (unsigned integer) error code
#
# returns: string
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/ERR_error_string.html>
• ERR_get_error
Returns the earliest error code from the thread's error queue and removes the entry.
This function can be called repeatedly until there are no more error codes to return.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error();
#
# returns: (unsigned integer) error code
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/ERR_get_error.html>
• ERR_peek_error
Returns the earliest error code from the thread's error queue without modifying it.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::ERR_peek_error();
#
# returns: (unsigned integer) error code
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/ERR_get_error.html>
• ERR_put_error
Adds an error code to the thread's error queue. It signals that the error of $reason
code reason occurred in function $func of library $lib, in line number $line of $file.
Net::SSLeay::ERR_put_error($lib, $func, $reason, $file, $line);
# $lib - (integer) library id (check openssl/err.h for constants e.g. ERR_LIB_SSL)
# $func - (integer) function id (check openssl/ssl.h for constants e.g. SSL_F_SSL23_READ)
# $reason - (integer) reason id (check openssl/ssl.h for constants e.g. SSL_R_SSL_HANDSHAKE_FAILURE)
# $file - (string) file name
# $line - (integer) line number in $file
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/ERR_put_error.html> and
<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/err.html>
• alert_desc_string
Returns a two letter string as a short form describing the reason of the alert
specified by value.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::alert_desc_string($value);
# $value - (integer) allert id (check openssl/ssl.h for SSL3_AD_* and TLS1_AD_* constants)
#
# returns: description string (2 letters)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_alert_type_string.html>
• alert_desc_string_long
Returns a string describing the reason of the alert specified by value.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::alert_desc_string_long($value);
# $value - (integer) allert id (check openssl/ssl.h for SSL3_AD_* and TLS1_AD_* constants)
#
# returns: description string
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_alert_type_string.html>
• alert_type_string
Returns a one letter string indicating the type of the alert specified by value.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::alert_type_string($value);
# $value - (integer) allert id (check openssl/ssl.h for SSL3_AD_* and TLS1_AD_* constants)
#
# returns: string (1 letter)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_alert_type_string.html>
• alert_type_string_long
Returns a string indicating the type of the alert specified by value.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::alert_type_string_long($value);
# $value - (integer) allert id (check openssl/ssl.h for SSL3_AD_* and TLS1_AD_* constants)
#
# returns: string
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_alert_type_string.html>
Low level API: SSL_METHOD_* related functions
• SSLv23_method, SSLv23_server_method and SSLv23_client_method
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before.
Returns SSL_METHOD structure corresponding to general-purpose version-flexible TLS
method, the return value can be later used as a param of "CTX_new_with_method".
NOTE: Consider using TLS_method, TLS_server_method or TLS_client_method with new code.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SSLv2_method();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_METHOD structure (0 on failure)
• SSLv2_method
Returns SSL_METHOD structure corresponding to SSLv2 method, the return value can be
later used as a param of "CTX_new_with_method". Only available where supported by the
underlying openssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SSLv2_method();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_METHOD structure (0 on failure)
• SSLv3_method
Returns SSL_METHOD structure corresponding to SSLv3 method, the return value can be
later used as a param of "CTX_new_with_method".
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SSLv3_method();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_METHOD structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_new.html>
• TLSv1_method, TLSv1_server_method and TLSv1_client_method
COMPATIBILITY: Server and client methods not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before.
Returns SSL_METHOD structure corresponding to TLSv1 method, the return value can be
later used as a param of "CTX_new_with_method".
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::TLSv1_method();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_METHOD structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_new.html>
• TLSv1_1_method, TLSv1_1_server_method and TLSv1_1_client_method
COMPATIBILITY: Server and client methods not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before.
Returns SSL_METHOD structure corresponding to TLSv1_1 method, the return value can be
later used as a param of "CTX_new_with_method". Only available where supported by the
underlying openssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::TLSv1_1_method();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_METHOD structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_new.html>
• TLSv1_2_method, TLSv1_2_server_method and TLSv1_2_client_method
COMPATIBILITY: Server and client methods not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before.
Returns SSL_METHOD structure corresponding to TLSv1_2 method, the return value can be
later used as a param of "CTX_new_with_method". Only available where supported by the
underlying openssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::TLSv1_2_method();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_METHOD structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_new.html>
• TLS_method, TLS_server_method and TLS_client_method
COMPATIBILITY: Not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before.
Returns SSL_METHOD structure corresponding to general-purpose version-flexible TLS
method, the return value can be later used as a param of "CTX_new_with_method". Only
available where supported by the underlying openssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::TLS_method();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_METHOD structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_new.html>
Low level API: ENGINE_* related functions
• ENGINE_load_builtin_engines
COMPATIBILITY: Requires an OpenSSL build with dynamic engine loading support.
Load all bundled ENGINEs into memory and make them visible.
Net::SSLeay::ENGINE_load_builtin_engines();
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/engine.html>
• ENGINE_register_all_complete
COMPATIBILITY: Requires an OpenSSL build with dynamic engine loading support.
Register all loaded ENGINEs for every algorithm they collectively implement.
Net::SSLeay::ENGINE_register_all_complete();
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/engine.html>
• ENGINE_set_default
COMPATIBILITY: Requires an OpenSSL build with dynamic engine loading support.
Set default engine to $e + set its flags to $flags.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::ENGINE_set_default($e, $flags);
# $e - value corresponding to openssl's ENGINE structure
# $flags - (integer) engine flags
# flags value can be made by bitwise "OR"ing:
# 0x0001 - ENGINE_METHOD_RSA
# 0x0002 - ENGINE_METHOD_DSA
# 0x0004 - ENGINE_METHOD_DH
# 0x0008 - ENGINE_METHOD_RAND
# 0x0010 - ENGINE_METHOD_ECDH
# 0x0020 - ENGINE_METHOD_ECDSA
# 0x0040 - ENGINE_METHOD_CIPHERS
# 0x0080 - ENGINE_METHOD_DIGESTS
# 0x0100 - ENGINE_METHOD_STORE
# 0x0200 - ENGINE_METHOD_PKEY_METHS
# 0x0400 - ENGINE_METHOD_PKEY_ASN1_METHS
# Obvious all-or-nothing cases:
# 0xFFFF - ENGINE_METHOD_ALL
# 0x0000 - ENGINE_METHOD_NONE
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/engine.html>
• ENGINE_by_id
Get ENGINE by its identification $id.
COMPATIBILITY: Requires an OpenSSL build with dynamic engine loading support.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::ENGINE_by_id($id);
# $id - (string) engine identification e.g. "dynamic"
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ENGINE structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/engine.html>
Low level API: EVP_PKEY_* related functions
• EVP_PKEY_copy_parameters
Copies the parameters from key $from to key $to.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_copy_parameters($to, $from);
# $to - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
# $from - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/EVP_PKEY_cmp.html>
• EVP_PKEY_new
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Creates a new EVP_PKEY structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_new();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/EVP_PKEY_new.html>
• EVP_PKEY_free
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Free an allocated EVP_PKEY structure.
Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_free($pkey);
# $pkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/EVP_PKEY_new.html>
• EVP_PKEY_assign_RSA
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Set the key referenced by $pkey to $key
NOTE: No reference counter will be increased, i.e. $key will be freed if $pkey is
freed.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_assign_RSA($pkey, $key);
# $pkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
# $key - value corresponding to openssl's RSA structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/EVP_PKEY_assign_RSA.html>
• EVP_PKEY_assign_EC_KEY
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.74 and before
Set the key referenced by $pkey to $key
NOTE: No reference counter will be increased, i.e. $key will be freed if $pkey is
freed.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_assign_EC_KEY($pkey, $key);
# $pkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
# $key - value corresponding to openssl's EC_KEY structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/EVP_PKEY_assign_EC_KEY.html>
• EVP_PKEY_bits
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns the size of the key $pkey in bits.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_bits($pkey);
# $pkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
#
# returns: size in bits
• EVP_PKEY_size
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns the maximum size of a signature in bytes. The actual signature may be smaller.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_size($pkey);
# $pkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
#
# returns: the maximum size in bytes
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/EVP_SignInit.html>
• EVP_PKEY_id
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least
openssl-1.0.0
Returns $pkey type (integer value of corresponding NID).
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_id($pkey);
# $pkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
#
# returns: (integer) key type
Example:
my $pubkey = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_pubkey($x509);
my $type = Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_id($pubkey);
print Net::SSLeay::OBJ_nid2sn($type); #prints e.g. 'rsaEncryption'
Low level API: PEM_* related functions
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/pem.html>
• PEM_read_bio_X509
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Loads PEM formatted X509 certificate via given BIO structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_X509($bio);
# $bio - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure (0 on failure)
Example:
my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($filename, 'r');
my $x509 = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_X509($bio);
Net::SSLeay::BIO_free($bio);
• PEM_read_bio_X509_REQ
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Loads PEM formatted X509_REQ object via given BIO structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_X509_REQ($bio, $x=NULL, $cb=NULL, $u=NULL);
# $bio - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure (0 on failure)
Example:
my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($filename, 'r');
my $x509_req = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_X509_REQ($bio);
Net::SSLeay::BIO_free($bio);
• PEM_read_bio_DHparams
Reads DH structure from BIO.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_DHparams($bio);
# $bio - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's DH structure (0 on failure)
• PEM_read_bio_X509_CRL
Reads X509_CRL structure from BIO.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_X509_CRL($bio);
# $bio - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure (0 on failure)
• PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Loads PEM formatted private key via given BIO structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey($bio, $cb, $data);
# $bio - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
# $cb - reference to perl callback function
# $data - data that will be passed to callback function (see examples below)
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure (0 on failure)
Example:
my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($filename, 'r');
my $privkey = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey($bio); #ask for password if needed
Net::SSLeay::BIO_free($bio);
To use password you have the following options:
$privkey = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey($bio, \&callback_func); # use callback func for getting password
$privkey = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey($bio, \&callback_func, $data); # use callback_func + pass $data to callback_func
$privkey = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey($bio, undef, "secret"); # use password "secret"
$privkey = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey($bio, undef, ""); # use empty password
Callback function signature:
sub callback_func {
my ($max_passwd_size, $rwflag, $data) = @_;
# $max_passwd_size - maximum size of returned password (longer values will be discarded)
# $rwflag - indicates whether we are loading (0) or storing (1) - for PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey always 0
# $data - the data passed to PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey as 3rd parameter
return "secret";
}
• PEM_X509_INFO_read_bio
Reads a BIO containing a PEM formatted file into a STACK_OF(X509_INFO) structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::PEM_X509_INFO_read_bio($bio);
# $bio - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509_INFO) structure.
Example:
my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($filename, 'r');
my $sk_x509_info = Net::SSLeay::PEM_X509_INFO_read_bio($bio);
Net::SSLeay::BIO_free($bio);
• PEM_get_string_X509
NOTE: Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function
Converts/exports X509 certificate to string (PEM format).
Net::SSLeay::PEM_get_string_X509($x509);
# $x509 - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: string with $x509 in PEM format
• PEM_get_string_PrivateKey
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Converts public key $pk into PEM formatted string (optionally protected with
password).
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::PEM_get_string_PrivateKey($pk, $passwd, $enc_alg);
# $pk - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
# $passwd - [optional] (string) password to use for key encryption
# $enc_alg - [optional] algorithm to use for key encryption (default: DES_CBC) - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_CIPHER structure
#
# returns: PEM formatted string
Examples:
$pem_privkey = Net::SSLeay::PEM_get_string_PrivateKey($pk);
$pem_privkey = Net::SSLeay::PEM_get_string_PrivateKey($pk, "secret");
$pem_privkey = Net::SSLeay::PEM_get_string_PrivateKey($pk, "secret", Net::SSLeay::EVP_get_cipherbyname("DES-EDE3-CBC"));
• PEM_get_string_X509_CRL
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Converts X509_CRL object $x509_crl into PEM formatted string.
Net::SSLeay::PEM_get_string_X509_CRL($x509_crl);
# $x509_crl - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
#
# returns: no return value
• PEM_get_string_X509_REQ
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Converts X509_REQ object $x509_crl into PEM formatted string.
Net::SSLeay::PEM_get_string_X509_REQ($x509_req);
# $x509_req - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure
#
# returns: no return value
Low level API: d2i_* (DER format) related functions
• d2i_X509_bio
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Loads DER formatted X509 certificate via given BIO structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::d2i_X509_bio($bp);
# $bp - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure (0 on failure)
Example:
my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($filename, 'rb');
my $x509 = Net::SSLeay::d2i_X509_bio($bio);
Net::SSLeay::BIO_free($bio);
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/d2i_X509.html>
• d2i_X509_CRL_bio
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Loads DER formatted X509_CRL object via given BIO structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::d2i_X509_CRL_bio($bp);
# $bp - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure (0 on failure)
Example:
my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($filename, 'rb');
my $x509_crl = Net::SSLeay::d2i_X509_CRL_bio($bio);
Net::SSLeay::BIO_free($bio);
• d2i_X509_REQ_bio
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Loads DER formatted X509_REQ object via given BIO structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::d2i_X509_REQ_bio($bp);
# $bp - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure (0 on failure)
Example:
my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($filename, 'rb');
my $x509_req = Net::SSLeay::d2i_X509_REQ_bio($bio);
Net::SSLeay::BIO_free($bio);
Low level API: PKCS12 related functions
• P_PKCS12_load_file
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Loads X509 certificate + private key + certificates of CA chain (if present in PKCS12
file).
my ($privkey, $cert, @cachain) = Net::SSLeay::P_PKCS12_load_file($filename, $load_chain, $password);
# $filename - name of PKCS12 file
# $load_chain - [optional] whether load (1) or not(0) CA chain (default: 0)
# $password - [optional] password for private key
#
# returns: triplet ($privkey, $cert, @cachain)
# $privkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
# $cert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# @cachain - array of values corresponding to openssl's X509 structure (empty if no CA chain in PKCS12)
IMPORTANT NOTE: after you do the job you need to call X509_free() on $privkey + all
members of @cachain and EVP_PKEY_free() on $privkey.
Examples:
my ($privkey, $cert) = Net::SSLeay::P_PKCS12_load_file($filename);
#or
my ($privkey, $cert) = Net::SSLeay::P_PKCS12_load_file($filename, 0, $password);
#or
my ($privkey, $cert, @cachain) = Net::SSLeay::P_PKCS12_load_file($filename, 1);
#or
my ($privkey, $cert, @cachain) = Net::SSLeay::P_PKCS12_load_file($filename, 1, $password);
#BEWARE: THIS IS WRONG - MEMORY LEAKS! (you cannot free @cachain items)
my ($privkey, $cert) = Net::SSLeay::P_PKCS12_load_file($filename, 1, $password);
NOTE With some combinations of Windows, perl, compiler and compiler options, you may
see a runtime error "no OPENSSL_Applink", when calling
Net::SSLeay::P_PKCS12_load_file. See README.Win32 for more details.
Low level API: SESSION_* related functions
• d2i_SSL_SESSION
COMPATIBILITY: does not work in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before
Transforms the binary ASN1 representation string of an SSL/TLS session into an
SSL_SESSION object.
my $ses = Net::SSLeay::d2i_SSL_SESSION($data);
# $data - the session as ASN1 representation string
#
# returns: $ses - the new SSL_SESSION
Check openssl doc <https://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/i2d_SSL_SESSION.html>
• i2d_SSL_SESSION
COMPATIBILITY: does not work in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before
Transforms the SSL_SESSION object in into the ASN1 representation and returns it as
string.
my $data = Net::SSLeay::i2d_SSL_SESSION($ses);
# $ses - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
#
# returns: $data - session as string
Check openssl doc <https://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/d2i_SSL_SESSION.html>
• SESSION_new
Creates a new SSL_SESSION structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_new();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure (0 on failure)
• SESSION_free
Free an allocated SSL_SESSION structure.
Net::SSLeay::SESSION_free($ses);
# $ses - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_free.html>
• SESSION_up_ref
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.1.0-pre4 or LibreSSL 2.7.0
Increases the reference counter on a SSL_SESSION structure.
Net::SSLeay::SESSION_up_ref($ses);
# $ses - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
#
# returns: 1 on success else 0
Check openssl doc <https://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_up_ref.html>
• SESSION_dup
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.1.1, not in LibreSSL
Duplicates a SSL_SESSION structure.
Net::SSLeay::SESSION_dup($ses);
# $ses - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
#
# returns: the duplicated session
Check openssl doc <https://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_dup.html>
• SESSION_is_resumable
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.1.1, not in LibreSSL
Determine whether an SSL_SESSION object can be used for resumption.
Net::SSLeay::SESSION_is_resumable($ses);
# $ses - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
#
# returns: (integer) 1 if it can or 0 if not
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_SESSION_is_resumable.html>
• SESSION_cmp
Compare two SSL_SESSION structures.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_cmp($sesa, $sesb);
# $sesa - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
# $sesb - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
#
# returns: 0 if the two structures are the same
NOTE: Not available in openssl 1.0 or later
• SESSION_get_app_data
Can be used to get application defined value/data.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_get_app_data($ses);
# $ses - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
#
# returns: string/buffer/pointer ???
• SESSION_set_app_data
Can be used to set some application defined value/data.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_set_app_data($s, $a);
# $s - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
# $a - (string/buffer/pointer ???) data
#
# returns: ???
• SESSION_get_ex_data
Is used to retrieve the information for $idx from session $ses.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_get_ex_data($ses, $idx);
# $ses - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
# $idx - (integer) index for application specific data
#
# returns: pointer to ???
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_get_ex_new_index.html>
• SESSION_set_ex_data
Is used to store application data at arg for idx into the session object.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_set_ex_data($ss, $idx, $data);
# $ss - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
# $idx - (integer) ???
# $data - (pointer) ???
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_get_ex_new_index.html>
• SESSION_get_ex_new_index
Is used to register a new index for application specific data.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_get_ex_new_index($argl, $argp, $new_func, $dup_func, $free_func);
# $argl - (long) ???
# $argp - (pointer) ???
# $new_func - function pointer ??? (CRYPTO_EX_new *)
# $dup_func - function pointer ??? (CRYPTO_EX_dup *)
# $free_func - function pointer ??? (CRYPTO_EX_free *)
#
# returns: (integer) ???
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_get_ex_new_index.html>
• SESSION_get_master_key
NOTE: Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function
Returns 'master_key' value from SSL_SESSION structure $s
Net::SSLeay::SESSION_get_master_key($s);
# $s - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
#
# returns: master key (binary data)
• SESSION_set_master_key
Sets 'master_key' value for SSL_SESSION structure $s
Net::SSLeay::SESSION_set_master_key($s, $key);
# $s - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
# $key - master key (binary data)
#
# returns: no return value
Not available with OpenSSL 1.1 and later. Code that previously used
SESSION_set_master_key must now set $secret in the session_secret
callback set with SSL_set_session_secret_cb.
• SESSION_get_time
Returns the time at which the session s was established. The time is given in seconds
since 1.1.1970.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_get_time($s);
# $s - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
#
# returns: timestamp (seconds since 1.1.1970)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_get_time.html>
• get_time
Technically the same functionality as "SESSION_get_time".
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_time($s);
• SESSION_get_timeout
Returns the timeout value set for session $s in seconds.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_get_timeout($s);
# $s - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
#
# returns: timeout (in seconds)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_get_time.html>
• get_timeout
Technically the same functionality as "SESSION_get_timeout".
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_timeout($s);
• SESSION_print
NOTE: Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function
Prints session details (e.g. protocol version, cipher, session-id ...) to BIO.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_print($fp, $ses);
# $fp - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
# $ses - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
You have to use necessary BIO functions like this:
# let us have $ssl corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
my $ses = Net::SSLeay::get_session($ssl);
my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new(&Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem);
Net::SSLeay::SESSION_print($bio, $ses);
print Net::SSLeay::BIO_read($bio);
• SESSION_print_fp
Prints session details (e.g. protocol version, cipher, session-id ...) to file handle.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_print_fp($fp, $ses);
# $fp - perl file handle
# $ses - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Example:
# let us have $ssl corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
my $ses = Net::SSLeay::get_session($ssl);
open my $fh, ">", "output.txt";
Net::SSLeay::SESSION_print_fp($fh,$ses);
• SESSION_set_time
Replaces the creation time of the session s with the chosen value $t (seconds since
1.1.1970).
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_set_time($ses, $t);
# $ses - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
# $t - time value
#
# returns: 1 on success
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_get_time.html>
• set_time
Technically the same functionality as "SESSION_set_time".
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_time($ses, $t);
• SESSION_set_timeout
Sets the timeout value for session s in seconds to $t.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_set_timeout($s, $t);
# $s - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
# $t - timeout (in seconds)
#
# returns: 1 on success
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_get_time.html>
• set_timeout
Technically the same functionality as "SESSION_set_timeout".
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_timeout($ses, $t);
Low level API: SSL_CTX_* related functions
NOTE: Please note that the function described in this chapter have "SSL_" part stripped
from their original openssl names.
• CTX_add_client_CA
Adds the CA name extracted from $cacert to the list of CAs sent to the client when
requesting a client certificate for $ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_add_client_CA($ctx, $cacert);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $cacert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_client_CA_list.html>
• CTX_add_extra_chain_cert
Adds the certificate $x509 to the certificate chain presented together with the
certificate. Several certificates can be added one after the other.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_add_extra_chain_cert($ctx, $x509);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $x509 - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, check out the error stack to find out the reason for failure otherwise
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_add_extra_chain_cert.html>
• CTX_add_session
Adds the session $ses to the context $ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_add_session($ctx, $ses);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $ses - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_add_session.html>
• CTX_callback_ctrl
??? (more info needed)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_callback_ctrl($ctx, $cmd, $fp);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $cmd - (integer) command id
# $fp - (function pointer) ???
#
# returns: ???
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_ctrl.html>
• CTX_check_private_key
Checks the consistency of a private key with the corresponding certificate loaded into
$ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_check_private_key($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html>
• CTX_ctrl
Internal handling function for SSL_CTX objects.
BEWARE: openssl doc says: This function should never be called directly!
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_ctrl($ctx, $cmd, $larg, $parg);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $cmd - (integer) command id
# $larg - (integer) long ???
# $parg - (string/pointer) ???
#
# returns: (long) result of given command ???
#valid $cmd values
1 - SSL_CTRL_NEED_TMP_RSA
2 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TMP_RSA
3 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TMP_DH
4 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TMP_ECDH
5 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TMP_RSA_CB
6 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TMP_DH_CB
7 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TMP_ECDH_CB
8 - SSL_CTRL_GET_SESSION_REUSED
9 - SSL_CTRL_GET_CLIENT_CERT_REQUEST
10 - SSL_CTRL_GET_NUM_RENEGOTIATIONS
11 - SSL_CTRL_CLEAR_NUM_RENEGOTIATIONS
12 - SSL_CTRL_GET_TOTAL_RENEGOTIATIONS
13 - SSL_CTRL_GET_FLAGS
14 - SSL_CTRL_EXTRA_CHAIN_CERT
15 - SSL_CTRL_SET_MSG_CALLBACK
16 - SSL_CTRL_SET_MSG_CALLBACK_ARG
17 - SSL_CTRL_SET_MTU
20 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_NUMBER
21 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_CONNECT
22 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_CONNECT_GOOD
23 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_CONNECT_RENEGOTIATE
24 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_ACCEPT
25 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_ACCEPT_GOOD
26 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_ACCEPT_RENEGOTIATE
27 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_HIT
28 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_CB_HIT
29 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_MISSES
30 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_TIMEOUTS
31 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_CACHE_FULL
32 - SSL_CTRL_OPTIONS
33 - SSL_CTRL_MODE
40 - SSL_CTRL_GET_READ_AHEAD
41 - SSL_CTRL_SET_READ_AHEAD
42 - SSL_CTRL_SET_SESS_CACHE_SIZE
43 - SSL_CTRL_GET_SESS_CACHE_SIZE
44 - SSL_CTRL_SET_SESS_CACHE_MODE
45 - SSL_CTRL_GET_SESS_CACHE_MODE
50 - SSL_CTRL_GET_MAX_CERT_LIST
51 - SSL_CTRL_SET_MAX_CERT_LIST
52 - SSL_CTRL_SET_MAX_SEND_FRAGMENT
53 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_SERVERNAME_CB
54 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_SERVERNAME_ARG
55 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_HOSTNAME
56 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_DEBUG_CB
57 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_DEBUG_ARG
58 - SSL_CTRL_GET_TLSEXT_TICKET_KEYS
59 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_TICKET_KEYS
60 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_OPAQUE_PRF_INPUT
61 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_OPAQUE_PRF_INPUT_CB
62 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_OPAQUE_PRF_INPUT_CB_ARG
63 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_STATUS_REQ_CB
64 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_STATUS_REQ_CB_ARG
65 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_STATUS_REQ_TYPE
66 - SSL_CTRL_GET_TLSEXT_STATUS_REQ_EXTS
67 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_STATUS_REQ_EXTS
68 - SSL_CTRL_GET_TLSEXT_STATUS_REQ_IDS
69 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_STATUS_REQ_IDS
70 - SSL_CTRL_GET_TLSEXT_STATUS_REQ_OCSP_RESP
71 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_STATUS_REQ_OCSP_RESP
72 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_TICKET_KEY_CB
73 - DTLS_CTRL_GET_TIMEOUT
74 - DTLS_CTRL_HANDLE_TIMEOUT
75 - DTLS_CTRL_LISTEN
76 - SSL_CTRL_GET_RI_SUPPORT
77 - SSL_CTRL_CLEAR_OPTIONS
78 - SSL_CTRL_CLEAR_MODE
82 - SSL_CTRL_GET_EXTRA_CHAIN_CERTS
83 - SSL_CTRL_CLEAR_EXTRA_CHAIN_CERTS
88 - SSL_CTRL_CHAIN
89 - SSL_CTRL_CHAIN_CERT
90 - SSL_CTRL_GET_CURVES
91 - SSL_CTRL_SET_CURVES
92 - SSL_CTRL_SET_CURVES_LIST
93 - SSL_CTRL_GET_SHARED_CURVE
94 - SSL_CTRL_SET_ECDH_AUTO
97 - SSL_CTRL_SET_SIGALGS
98 - SSL_CTRL_SET_SIGALGS_LIST
99 - SSL_CTRL_CERT_FLAGS
100 - SSL_CTRL_CLEAR_CERT_FLAGS
101 - SSL_CTRL_SET_CLIENT_SIGALGS
102 - SSL_CTRL_SET_CLIENT_SIGALGS_LIST
103 - SSL_CTRL_GET_CLIENT_CERT_TYPES
104 - SSL_CTRL_SET_CLIENT_CERT_TYPES
105 - SSL_CTRL_BUILD_CERT_CHAIN
106 - SSL_CTRL_SET_VERIFY_CERT_STORE
107 - SSL_CTRL_SET_CHAIN_CERT_STORE
108 - SSL_CTRL_GET_PEER_SIGNATURE_NID
109 - SSL_CTRL_GET_SERVER_TMP_KEY
110 - SSL_CTRL_GET_RAW_CIPHERLIST
111 - SSL_CTRL_GET_EC_POINT_FORMATS
112 - SSL_CTRL_GET_TLSA_RECORD
113 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSA_RECORD
114 - SSL_CTRL_PULL_TLSA_RECORD
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_ctrl.html>
• CTX_flush_sessions
Causes a run through the session cache of $ctx to remove sessions expired at time $tm.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_flush_sessions($ctx, $tm);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $tm - specifies the time which should be used for the expiration test (seconds since 1.1.1970)
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_flush_sessions.html>
• CTX_free
Free an allocated SSL_CTX object.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_free($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_free.html>
• CTX_get_app_data
Can be used to get application defined value/data.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_app_data($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: string/buffer/pointer ???
• CTX_set_app_data
Can be used to set some application defined value/data.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_app_data($ctx, $arg);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $arg - (string/buffer/pointer ???) data
#
# returns: ???
• CTX_get0_param
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.0.2-beta1 or LibreSSL 2.7.0
Returns the current verification parameters.
my $vpm = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get0_param($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
Check openssl doc <https://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get0_param.html>
• CTX_get_cert_store
Returns the current certificate verification storage.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_cert_store($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_cert_store.html>
• CTX_get_client_CA_list
Returns the list of client CAs explicitly set for $ctx using "CTX_set_client_CA_list".
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_client_CA_list($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME_STACK structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_client_CA_list.html>
• CTX_get_ex_data
Is used to retrieve the information for index $idx from $ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_ex_data($ssl, $idx);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $idx - (integer) index for application specific data
#
# returns: pointer to ???
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get_ex_new_index.html>
• CTX_get_ex_new_index
Is used to register a new index for application specific data.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_ex_new_index($argl, $argp, $new_func, $dup_func, $free_func);
# $argl - (long) ???
# $argp - (pointer) ???
# $new_func - function pointer ??? (CRYPTO_EX_new *)
# $dup_func - function pointer ??? (CRYPTO_EX_dup *)
# $free_func - function pointer ??? (CRYPTO_EX_free *)
#
# returns: (integer) ???
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get_ex_new_index.html>
• CTX_get_mode
Returns the mode set for ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_mode($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: mode (bitmask)
#to decode the return value (bitmask) use:
0x00000001 corresponds to SSL_MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE
0x00000002 corresponds to SSL_MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER
0x00000004 corresponds to SSL_MODE_AUTO_RETRY
0x00000008 corresponds to SSL_MODE_NO_AUTO_CHAIN
0x00000010 corresponds to SSL_MODE_RELEASE_BUFFERS
(note: some of the bits might not be supported by older openssl versions)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_mode.html>
• CTX_set_mode
Adds the mode set via bitmask in $mode to $ctx. Options already set before are not
cleared.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode($ctx, $mode);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $mode - mode bitmask
#
# returns: the new mode bitmask after adding $mode
For bitmask details see "CTX_get_mode" (above).
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_mode.html>
• CTX_get_options
Returns the options (bitmask) set for $ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_options($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: options (bitmask)
BEWARE: The available constants and their values in bitmask depend on the TLS library.
For example, SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_3 became available much later than SSL_OP_NO_COMPRESS
which is already deprecated by some libraries. Also, some previously used option
values have been recycled and are now used for newer options. See the list of
constants in this document for options Net::SSLeay currently supports.
You are strongly encouraged to check your TLS library if you need to use numeric
values directly. The following is a sample of historic values. It may not be correct
anymore.
#to decode the return value (bitmask) use:
0x00000004 corresponds to SSL_OP_LEGACY_SERVER_CONNECT
0x00000800 corresponds to SSL_OP_DONT_INSERT_EMPTY_FRAGMENTS
0x00004000 corresponds to SSL_OP_NO_TICKET
0x00010000 corresponds to SSL_OP_NO_SESSION_RESUMPTION_ON_RENEGOTIATION
0x00400000 corresponds to SSL_OP_CIPHER_SERVER_PREFERENCE
0x04000000 corresponds to SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_CTX_get_options.html>
• CTX_set_options
Adds the options set via bitmask in $options to ctx. Options already set before are
not cleared.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options($ctx, $options);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $options - options bitmask
#
# returns: the new options bitmask after adding $options
For bitmask details see "CTX_get_options" (above).
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_CTX_set_options.html>
• CTX_get_quiet_shutdown
Returns the 'quiet shutdown' setting of $ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_quiet_shutdown($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: (integer) the current setting
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_quiet_shutdown.html>
• CTX_get_read_ahead
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_read_ahead($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: (integer) read_ahead value
• CTX_get_session_cache_mode
Returns the currently used cache mode (bitmask).
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_session_cache_mode($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: mode (bitmask)
BEWARE: SESS_CACHE_OFF and other constants are not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and
before. If the constants are not available, the following values have historically
been correct. You are strongly encouraged to check your TLS library for the current
values.
#to decode the return value (bitmask) use:
0x0000 corresponds to SSL_SESS_CACHE_OFF
0x0001 corresponds to SSL_SESS_CACHE_CLIENT
0x0002 corresponds to SSL_SESS_CACHE_SERVER
0x0080 corresponds to SSL_SESS_CACHE_NO_AUTO_CLEAR
0x0100 corresponds to SSL_SESS_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL_LOOKUP
0x0200 corresponds to SSL_SESS_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL_STORE
(note: some of the bits might not be supported by older openssl versions)
Check openssl doc
<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_session_cache_mode.html>
• CTX_set_session_cache_mode
Enables/disables session caching by setting the operational mode for $ctx to $mode.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_session_cache_mode($ctx, $mode);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $mode - mode (bitmask)
#
# returns: previously set cache mode
For bitmask details see "CTX_get_session_cache_mode" (above).
Check openssl doc
<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_session_cache_mode.html>
• CTX_get_timeout
Returns the currently set timeout value for $ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_timeout($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: timeout in seconds
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_timeout.html>
• CTX_get_verify_depth
Returns the verification depth limit currently set in $ctx. If no limit has been
explicitly set, -1 is returned and the default value will be used.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_verify_depth($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: depth limit currently set in $ctx, -1 if no limit has been explicitly set
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get_verify_mode.html>
• CTX_get_verify_mode
Returns the verification mode (bitmask) currently set in $ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_verify_mode($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: mode (bitmask)
For bitmask details see "CTX_set_verify".
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_CTX_get_verify_mode.html>
• CTX_set_verify
Sets the verification flags for $ctx to be $mode and specifies the verify_callback
function to be used.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_verify($ctx, $mode, $callback);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $mode - mode (bitmask), see OpenSSL manual
# $callback - [optional] reference to perl callback function
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_CTX_set_verify.html>
• CTX_set_post_handshake_auth
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.1.1, not in LibreSSL
Enable the Post-Handshake Authentication extension to be added to the ClientHello such
that post-handshake authentication can be requested by the server.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_posthandshake_auth($ctx, $val);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $val - 0 then the extension is not sent, otherwise it is
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc
https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_CTX_set_post_handshake_auth
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_CTX_set_post_handshake_auth.html>
• CTX_load_verify_locations
Specifies the locations for $ctx, at which CA certificates for verification purposes
are located. The certificates available via $CAfile and $CApath are trusted.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_load_verify_locations($ctx, $CAfile, $CApath);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $CAfile - (string) file of CA certificates in PEM format, the file can contain several CA certificates (or '')
# $CApath - (string) directory containing CA certificates in PEM format (or '')
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure (check the error stack to find out the reason)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations.html>
• CTX_need_tmp_RSA
Return the result of "SSL_CTX_ctrl(ctx,SSL_CTRL_NEED_TMP_RSA,0,NULL)"
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_need_tmp_RSA($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: result of SSL_CTRL_NEED_TMP_RSA command
Not available with OpenSSL 1.1 and later.
• CTX_new
The same as "CTX_v23_new"
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_new.html>
Not available with OpenSSL 1.1 and later.
• CTX_v2_new
Creates a new SSL_CTX object - based on SSLv2_method() - as framework to establish
TLS/SSL enabled connections.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_v2_new();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure (0 on failure)
• CTX_v23_new
Creates a new SSL_CTX object - based on SSLv23_method() - as framework to establish
TLS/SSL enabled connections.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_v23_new();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure (0 on failure)
• CTX_v3_new
Creates a new SSL_CTX object - based on SSLv3_method() - as framework to establish
TLS/SSL enabled connections.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_v3_new();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure (0 on failure)
• CTX_tlsv1_new
Creates a new SSL_CTX object - based on TLSv1_method() - as framework to establish
TLS/SSL enabled connections.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_tlsv1_new();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure (0 on failure)
• CTX_tlsv1_1_new
Creates a new SSL_CTX object - based on TLSv1_1_method() - as framework to establish
TLS/SSL enabled connections. Only available where supported by the underlying openssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_tlsv1_1_new();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure (0 on failure)
• CTX_tlsv1_2_new
Creates a new SSL_CTX object - based on TLSv1_2_method() - as framework to establish
TLS/SSL enabled connections. Only available where supported by the underlying openssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_tlsv1_2_new();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure (0 on failure)
• CTX_new_with_method
Creates a new SSL_CTX object based on $meth method
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new_with_method($meth);
# $meth - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_METHOD structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure (0 on failure)
#example
my $ctx = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new_with_method(&Net::SSLeay::TLSv1_method);
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_new.html>
• CTX_set_min_proto_version, CTX_set_max_proto_version, set_min_proto_version and
set_max_proto_version,
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.1.0-pre2 or LibreSSL 2.6.0
Set the minimum and maximum supported protocol for $ctx or $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_min_proto_version($ctx, $version)
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $version - (integer) constat version value or 0 for automatic lowest or highest value
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
#example: allow only TLS 1.2 for a SSL_CTX
my $rv_min = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_min_proto_version($ctx, Net::SSLeay::TLS1_2_VERSION());
my $rv_max = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_max_proto_version($ctx, Net::SSLeay::TLS1_2_VERSION());
#example: allow only TLS 1.1 for a SSL
my $rv_min = Net::SSLeay::set_min_proto_version($ssl, Net::SSLeay::TLS1_1_VERSION());
my $rv_max = Net::SSLeay::set_max_proto_version($ssl, Net::SSLeay::TLS1_1_VERSION());
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_CTX_set_min_proto_version.html>
• CTX_get_min_proto_version, CTX_get_max_proto_version, get_min_proto_version and
get_max_proto_version,
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.1.0g
Get the minimum and maximum supported protocol for $ctx or $ssl.
my $version = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_min_proto_version($ctx)
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: 0 automatic lowest or highest value, configured value otherwise
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_CTX_set_min_proto_version.html>
• CTX_remove_session
Removes the session $ses from the context $ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_remove_session($ctx, $ses);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $ses - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_add_session.html>
• CTX_sess_accept
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_accept($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: number of started SSL/TLS handshakes in server mode
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html>
• CTX_sess_accept_good
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_accept_good($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: number of successfully established SSL/TLS sessions in server mode
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html>
• CTX_sess_accept_renegotiate
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_accept_renegotiate($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: number of start renegotiations in server mode
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html>
• CTX_sess_cache_full
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_cache_full($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: number of sessions that were removed because the maximum session cache size was exceeded
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html>
• CTX_sess_cb_hits
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_cb_hits($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: number of successfully retrieved sessions from the external session cache in server mode
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html>
• CTX_sess_connect
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_connect($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: number of started SSL/TLS handshakes in client mode
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html>
• CTX_sess_connect_good
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_connect_good($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: number of successfully established SSL/TLS sessions in client mode
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html>
• CTX_sess_connect_renegotiate
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_connect_renegotiate($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: number of start renegotiations in client mode
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html>
• CTX_sess_get_cache_size
Returns the currently valid session cache size.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_get_cache_size($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: current size
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_set_cache_size.html>
• CTX_sess_hits
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_hits($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: number of successfully reused sessions
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html>
• CTX_sess_misses
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_misses($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: number of sessions proposed by clients that were not found in the internal session cache in server mode
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html>
• CTX_sess_number
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_number($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: current number of sessions in the internal session cache
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html>
• CTX_sess_set_cache_size
Sets the size of the internal session cache of context $ctx to $size.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_set_cache_size($ctx, $size);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $size - cache size (0 = unlimited)
#
# returns: previously valid size
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_set_cache_size.html>
• CTX_sess_timeouts
Returns the number of sessions proposed by clients and either found in the internal or
external session cache in server mode, but that were invalid due to timeout. These
sessions are not included in the SSL_CTX_sess_hits count.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_timeouts($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: number of sessions
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html>
• CTX_sess_set_new_cb
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before
Sets the callback function, which is automatically called whenever a new session was
negotiated.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_set_new_cb($ctx, $func);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $func - perl reference to callback function
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_CTX_sess_set_new_cb.html>
• CTX_sess_set_remove_cb
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before
Sets the callback function, which is automatically called whenever a session is
removed by the SSL engine.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_set_remove_cb($ctx, $func);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $func - perl reference to callback function
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_CTX_sess_set_remove_cb.html>
• CTX_sessions
Returns a pointer to the lhash databases containing the internal session cache for
ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sessions($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's LHASH structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sessions.html>
• CTX_set1_param
COMPATIBILITY: requires at least OpenSSL 1.0.0-beta3
Applies X509 verification parameters $vpm on $ctx
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set1_param($ctx, $vpm);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $vpm - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc <https://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get0_param.html>
• CTX_set_cert_store
Sets/replaces the certificate verification storage of $ctx to/with $store.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_cert_store($ctx, $store);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $store - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE structure
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_cert_store.html>
• CTX_set_cert_verify_callback
Sets the verification callback function for $ctx. SSL objects that are created from
$ctx inherit the setting valid at the time when "Net::SSLeay::new($ctx)" is called.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_cert_verify_callback($ctx, $func, $data);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $func - perl reference to callback function
# $data - [optional] data that will be passed to callback function when invoked
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc
<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_cert_verify_callback.html>
• CTX_set_cipher_list
Sets the list of available ciphers for $ctx using the control string $str. The list
of ciphers is inherited by all ssl objects created from $ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_cipher_list($s, $str);
# $s - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $str - (string) cipher list e.g. '3DES:+RSA'
#
# returns: 1 if any cipher could be selected and 0 on complete failure
The format of $str is described in
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man1/openssl-ciphers.html>
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list.html>
• CTX_set_ciphersuites
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.1.1, not in LibreSSL
Configure the available TLSv1.3 ciphersuites.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_ciphersuites($ctx, $str);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $str - colon (":") separated list of TLSv1.3 ciphersuite names in order of preference
#
# returns: (integer) 1 if the requested ciphersuite list was configured, and 0 otherwise
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_CTX_set_ciphersuites.html>
• CTX_set_client_CA_list
Sets the list of CAs sent to the client when requesting a client certificate for $ctx.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_client_CA_list($ctx, $list);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $list - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME_STACK structure
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_client_CA_list.html>
• CTX_set_default_passwd_cb
Sets the default password callback called when loading/storing a PEM certificate with
encryption.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_default_passwd_cb($ctx, $func);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $func - perl reference to callback function
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb.html>
• CTX_set_default_passwd_cb_userdata
Sets a pointer to userdata which will be provided to the password callback on
invocation.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_default_passwd_cb_userdata($ctx, $userdata);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $userdata - data that will be passed to callback function when invoked
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb.html>
• CTX_set_default_verify_paths
??? (more info needed)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_default_verify_paths($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• CTX_set_ex_data
Is used to store application data at $data for $idx into the $ctx object.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_ex_data($ssl, $idx, $data);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $idx - (integer) ???
# $data - (pointer) ???
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get_ex_new_index.html>
• CTX_set_purpose
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_purpose($s, $purpose);
# $s - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $purpose - (integer) purpose identifier
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
#avainable purpose identifier
1 - X509_PURPOSE_SSL_CLIENT
2 - X509_PURPOSE_SSL_SERVER
3 - X509_PURPOSE_NS_SSL_SERVER
4 - X509_PURPOSE_SMIME_SIGN
5 - X509_PURPOSE_SMIME_ENCRYPT
6 - X509_PURPOSE_CRL_SIGN
7 - X509_PURPOSE_ANY
8 - X509_PURPOSE_OCSP_HELPER
9 - X509_PURPOSE_TIMESTAMP_SIGN
#or use corresponding constants
$purpose = &Net::SSLeay::X509_PURPOSE_SSL_CLIENT;
...
$purpose = &Net::SSLeay::X509_PURPOSE_TIMESTAMP_SIGN;
• CTX_set_quiet_shutdown
Sets the 'quiet shutdown' flag for $ctx to be mode. SSL objects created from $ctx
inherit the mode valid at the time "Net::SSLeay::new($ctx)" is called.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_quiet_shutdown($ctx, $mode);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $mode - 0 or 1
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_quiet_shutdown.html>
• CTX_set_read_ahead
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_read_ahead($ctx, $val);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $val - read_ahead value to be set
#
# returns: the original read_ahead value
• CTX_set_session_id_context
Sets the context $sid_ctx of length $sid_ctx_len within which a session can be reused
for the $ctx object.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_session_id_context($ctx, $sid_ctx, $sid_ctx_len);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $sid_ctx - data buffer
# $sid_ctx_len - length of data in $sid_ctx
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure (the error is logged to the error stack)
Check openssl doc
<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_session_id_context.html>
• CTX_set_ssl_version
Sets a new default TLS/SSL method for SSL objects newly created from this $ctx. SSL
objects already created with "Net::SSLeay::new($ctx)" are not affected, except when
"Net::SSLeay:clear($ssl)" is being called.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_ssl_version($ctx, $meth);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $meth - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_METHOD structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_ssl_version.html>
• CTX_set_timeout
Sets the timeout for newly created sessions for $ctx to $t. The timeout value $t must
be given in seconds.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_timeout($ctx, $t);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $t - timeout in seconds
#
# returns: previously set timeout value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_timeout.html>
• CTX_set_tmp_dh
Sets DH parameters to be used to be $dh. The key is inherited by all ssl objects
created from $ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_tmp_dh($ctx, $dh);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $dh - value corresponding to openssl's DH structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback.html>
• CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback
Sets the callback function for $ctx to be used when a DH parameters are required to
$tmp_dh_callback.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback($ctx, $tmp_dh_callback);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# tmp_dh_callback - (function pointer) ???
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback.html>
• CTX_set_tmp_rsa
Sets the temporary/ephemeral RSA key to be used to be $rsa.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_tmp_rsa($ctx, $rsa);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $rsa - value corresponding to openssl's RSA structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_rsa_callback.html>
Not available with OpenSSL 1.1 and later.
• CTX_set_tmp_rsa_callback
Sets the callback function for ctx to be used when a temporary/ephemeral RSA key is
required to $tmp_rsa_callback.
??? (does this function really work?)
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_tmp_rsa_callback($ctx, $tmp_rsa_callback);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $tmp_rsa_callback - (function pointer) ???
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_rsa_callback.html>
Not available with OpenSSL 1.1 and later.
• CTX_set_trust
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_trust($s, $trust);
# $s - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $trust - (integer) trust identifier
#
# returns: the original value
#available trust identifiers
1 - X509_TRUST_COMPAT
2 - X509_TRUST_SSL_CLIENT
3 - X509_TRUST_SSL_SERVER
4 - X509_TRUST_EMAIL
5 - X509_TRUST_OBJECT_SIGN
6 - X509_TRUST_OCSP_SIGN
7 - X509_TRUST_OCSP_REQUEST
8 - X509_TRUST_TSA
#or use corresponding constants
$trust = &Net::SSLeay::X509_TRUST_COMPAT;
...
$trust = &Net::SSLeay::X509_TRUST_TSA;
• CTX_set_verify_depth
Sets the maximum depth for the certificate chain verification that shall be allowed
for ctx.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_verify_depth($ctx, $depth);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $depth - max. depth
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_verify.html>
• CTX_use_PKCS12_file
Adds the certificate and private key from PKCS12 file $p12filename to $ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_PKCS12_file($ctx, $p12filename, $password);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $p12filename - (string) filename
# $password - (string) password to decrypt private key
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• CTX_use_PrivateKey
Adds the private key $pkey to $ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_PrivateKey($ctx, $pkey);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $pkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html>
• CTX_use_PrivateKey_file
Adds the first private key found in $file to $ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_PrivateKey_file($ctx, $file, $type);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $file - (string) file name
# $type - (integer) type - use constants &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM or &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_ASN1
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html>
• CTX_use_RSAPrivateKey
Adds the RSA private key $rsa to $ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_RSAPrivateKey($ctx, $rsa);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $rsa - value corresponding to openssl's RSA structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html>
• CTX_use_RSAPrivateKey_file
Adds the first RSA private key found in $file to $ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_RSAPrivateKey_file($ctx, $file, $type);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $file - (string) file name
# $type - (integer) type - use constants &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM or &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_ASN1
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
• CTX_use_certificate
Loads the certificate $x into $ctx
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_certificate($ctx, $x);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html>
• CTX_use_certificate_chain_file
Loads a certificate chain from $file into $ctx. The certificates must be in PEM format
and must be sorted starting with the subject's certificate (actual client or server
certificate), followed by intermediate CA certificates if applicable, and ending at
the highest level (root) CA.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_certificate_chain_file($ctx, $file);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $file - (string) file name
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html>
• CTX_use_certificate_file
Loads the first certificate stored in $file into $ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_certificate_file($ctx, $file, $type);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $file - (string) file name
# $type - (integer) type - use constants &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM or &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_ASN1
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html>
• CTX_get_security_level
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.1.0, not in LibreSSL
Returns the security level associated with $ctx.
my $level = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_security_level($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: (integer) current security level
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_CTX_get_security_level.html>
• CTX_set_security_level
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.1.0, not in LibreSSL
Sets the security level associated with $ctx to $level.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_security_level($ctx, $level);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $level - new security level
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_CTX_set_security_level.html>
• CTX_set_num_tickets
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.1.1, not in LibreSSL
Set number of TLSv1.3 session tickets that will be sent to a client.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_num_tickets($ctx, $number_of_tickets);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $number_of_tickets - number of tickets to send
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Set to zero if you do not no want to support a session resumption.
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_CTX_set_num_tickets.html>
• CTX_get_num_tickets
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.1.1, not in LibreSSL
Get number of TLSv1.3 session tickets that will be sent to a client.
my $number_of_tickets = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_num_tickets($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: (integer) number of tickets to send
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_CTX_get_num_tickets.html>
• CTX_set_keylog_callback
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.90 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.1.1pre1, not in LibreSSL
Set the TLS key logging callback.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_keylog_callback($ctx, $cb);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $cb - reference to a perl callback function
#
# returns: no return value
The callback function will be called like this:
keylog_cb_func($ssl, $line);
# $ssl - value corresponding to OpenSSL's SSL object associated with the connection
# $line - a string containing the key material in the format used by NSS for its SSLKEYLOGFILE debugging output
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_CTX_set_keylog_callback.html>
• CTX_get_keylog_callback
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.90 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.1.1pre1, not in LibreSSL
Retrieve the previously set TLS key logging callback.
my $cb = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_keylog_callback($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: a reference to a perl callback function or undef if no callback is set
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_CTX_get_keylog_callback.html>
Low level API: SSL_* related functions
NOTE: Please note that the function described in this chapter have "SSL_" part stripped
from their original openssl names.
• new
Creates a new SSL structure which is needed to hold the data for a TLS/SSL connection.
The new structure inherits the settings of the underlying context $ctx: connection
method (SSLv2/v3/TLSv1), options, verification settings, timeout settings.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::new($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_new.html>
• accept
Waits for a TLS/SSL client to initiate the TLS/SSL handshake. The communication
channel must already have been set and assigned to the ssl by setting an underlying
BIO.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::accept($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: 1 = success, 0 = handshake not successful, <0 = fatal error during handshake
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_accept.html>
• add_client_CA
Adds the CA name extracted from cacert to the list of CAs sent to the client when
requesting a client certificate for the chosen ssl, overriding the setting valid for
ssl's SSL_CTX object.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::add_client_CA($ssl, $x);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_client_CA_list.html>
• callback_ctrl
??? (more info needed)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::callback_ctrl($ssl, $cmd, $fp);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $cmd - (integer) command id
# $fp - (function pointer) ???
#
# returns: ???
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_ctrl.html>
• check_private_key
Checks the consistency of a private key with the corresponding certificate loaded into
$ssl
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::check_private_key($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html>
• clear
Reset SSL object to allow another connection.
Net::SSLeay::clear($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_clear.html>
• connect
Initiate the TLS/SSL handshake with an TLS/SSL server.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::connect($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: 1 = success, 0 = handshake not successful, <0 = fatal error during handshake
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_connect.html>
• copy_session_id
Copies the session structure fro $from to $to (+ also the private key and certificate
associated with $from).
Net::SSLeay::copy_session_id($to, $from);
# $to - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $from - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: no return value
• ctrl
Internal handling function for SSL objects.
BEWARE: openssl doc says: This function should never be called directly!
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::ctrl($ssl, $cmd, $larg, $parg);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $cmd - (integer) command id
# $larg - (integer) long ???
# $parg - (string/pointer) ???
#
# returns: (long) result of given command ???
For more details about valid $cmd values check "CTX_ctrl".
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_ctrl.html>
• do_handshake
Will wait for a SSL/TLS handshake to take place. If the connection is in client mode,
the handshake will be started. The handshake routines may have to be explicitly set in
advance using either SSL_set_connect_state or SSL_set_accept_state(3).
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::do_handshake($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: 1 = success, 0 = handshake not successful, <0 = fatal error during handshake
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_do_handshake.html>
• dup
Returns a duplicate of $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::dup($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure (0 on failure)
• free
Free an allocated SSL structure.
Net::SSLeay::free($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_free.html>
• get0_param
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.0.2-beta1 or LibreSSL 2.7.0
Returns the current verification parameters.
my $vpm = Net::SSLeay::get0_param($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
Check openssl doc <https://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get0_param.html>
• get_SSL_CTX
Returns a pointer to the SSL_CTX object, from which $ssl was created with
Net::SSLeay::new.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_SSL_CTX($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_SSL_CTX.html>
• set_SSL_CTX
COMPATIBILITY: requires at least OpenSSL 0.9.8f
Sets the SSL_CTX the corresponds to an SSL session.
my $the_ssl_ctx = Net::SSLeay::set_SSL_CTX($ssl, $ssl_ctx);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $ssl_ctx - Change the ssl object to the given ssl_ctx
#
# returns - the ssl_ctx
• get_app_data
Can be used to get application defined value/data.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_app_data($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: string/buffer/pointer ???
• set_app_data
Can be used to set some application defined value/data.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_app_data($ssl, $arg);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $arg - (string/buffer/pointer ???) data
#
# returns: ???
• get_certificate
Gets X509 certificate from an established SSL connection.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_certificate($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure (0 on failure)
• get_cipher
Obtains the name of the currently used cipher.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_cipher($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: (string) cipher name e.g. 'DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA' or '', when no session has been established.
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_current_cipher.html>
• get_cipher_bits
Obtain the number of secret/algorithm bits used.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_cipher_bits($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: number of secret bits used by current cipher
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_current_cipher.html> and
<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CIPHER_get_name.html>
• get_ciphers
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.88 and before
Returns a list of SSL_CIPHER structures available for $ssl sorted by preference
my @ciphers = Net::SSLeay::get_ciphers($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: (list) SSL_CIPHER structures or nothing when $ssl is undefined or no ciphers are available
Example:
my @ciphers = Net::SSLeay::get_ciphers($ssl);
foreach my $c (@ciphers) {
print Net::SSLeay::CIPHER_get_name($c) . "\n";
}
Check openssl doc <https://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_ciphers.html>
• get_cipher_list
Returns the name (string) of the SSL_CIPHER listed for $ssl with priority $n.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_cipher_list($ssl, $n);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $n - (integer) priority
#
# returns: (string) cipher name e.g. 'EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA' or undef in case of error
Call Net::SSLeay::get_cipher_list with priority starting from 0 to obtain the sorted
list of available ciphers, until undef is returned:
my $priority = 0;
while (my $c = Net::SSLeay::get_cipher_list($ssl, $priority)) {
print "cipher[$priority] = $c\n";
$priority++;
}
Check openssl doc <https://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_cipher_list.html>
• get_client_CA_list
Returns the list of client CAs explicitly set for $ssl using
"Net::SSleay::set_client_CA_list" or $ssl's SSL_CTX object with
"Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_client_CA_list", when in server mode.
In client mode, returns the list of client CAs sent from the server, if any.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_client_CA_list($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509_NAME) structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_client_CA_list.html>
• get_current_cipher
Returns the cipher actually used.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_current_cipher($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CIPHER structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_current_cipher.html>
• get_default_timeout
Returns the default timeout value assigned to SSL_SESSION objects negotiated for the
protocol valid for $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_default_timeout($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: (long) timeout in seconds
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_default_timeout.html>
• get_error
Returns a result code for a preceding call to "connect", "accept", "do_handshake",
"read", "peek" or "write" on $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_error($ssl, $ret);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $ret - return value of preceding TLS/SSL I/O operation
#
# returns: result code, which is one of the following values:
# 0 - SSL_ERROR_NONE
# 1 - SSL_ERROR_SSL
# 2 - SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ
# 3 - SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE
# 4 - SSL_ERROR_WANT_X509_LOOKUP
# 5 - SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL
# 6 - SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN
# 7 - SSL_ERROR_WANT_CONNECT
# 8 - SSL_ERROR_WANT_ACCEPT
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_error.html>
• get_ex_data
Is used to retrieve the information for $idx from $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_ex_data($ssl, $idx);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $idx - (integer) index for application specific data
#
# returns: pointer to ???
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_ex_new_index.html>
• set_ex_data
Is used to store application data at $data for $idx into the $ssl object.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_ex_data($ssl, $idx, $data);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $idx - (integer) ???
# $data - (pointer) ???
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_ex_new_index.html>
• get_ex_new_index
Is used to register a new index for application specific data.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_ex_new_index($argl, $argp, $new_func, $dup_func, $free_func);
# $argl - (long) ???
# $argp - (pointer) ???
# $new_func - function pointer ??? (CRYPTO_EX_new *)
# $dup_func - function pointer ??? (CRYPTO_EX_dup *)
# $free_func - function pointer ??? (CRYPTO_EX_free *)
#
# returns: (integer) ???
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_ex_new_index.html>
• get_fd
Returns the file descriptor which is linked to $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_fd($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: file descriptor (>=0) or -1 on failure
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_fd.html>
• get_finished
Obtains the latest 'Finished' message sent to the peer. Return value is zero if
there's been no Finished message yet. Default count is 2*EVP_MAX_MD_SIZE that is long
enough for all possible Finish messages. If you supply a non-default count, the
resulting return value may be longer than returned buf's length.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_finished($ssl, $buf, $count);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $buf - buffer where the returned data will be stored
# $count - [optional] max size of return data - default is 2*EVP_MAX_MD_SIZE
#
# returns: length of latest Finished message
• get_peer_finished
Obtains the latest 'Finished' message expected from the peer. Parameters and return
value are similar to get_finished().
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_peer_finished($ssl, $buf, $count);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $buf - buffer where the returned data will be stored
# $count - [optional] max size of return data - default is 2*EVP_MAX_MD_SIZE
#
# returns: length of latest Finished message
• get_keyblock_size
Gets the length of the TLS keyblock.
NOTE: Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_keyblock_size($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: keyblock size, -1 on error
• get_mode
Returns the mode (bitmask) set for $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_mode($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: mode (bitmask)
To decode the return value (bitmask) see documentation for "CTX_get_mode".
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_mode.html>
• set_mode
Adds the mode set via bitmask in $mode to $ssl. Options already set before are not
cleared.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_mode($ssl, $mode);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $mode - mode (bitmask)
#
# returns: the new mode bitmask after adding $mode
For $mode bitmask details see "CTX_get_mode".
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_mode.html>
• get_options
Returns the options (bitmask) set for $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_options($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: options (bitmask)
To decode the return value (bitmask) see documentation for "CTX_get_options".
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_options.html>
• set_options
Adds the options set via bitmask in $options to $ssl. Options already set before are
not cleared!
Net::SSLeay::set_options($ssl, $options);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $options - options (bitmask)
#
# returns: the new options bitmask after adding $options
For $options bitmask details see "CTX_get_options".
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_options.html>
• get_peer_certificate
Get the X509 certificate of the peer.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_peer_certificate($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_peer_certificate.html>
• get_peer_cert_chain
Get the certificate chain of the peer as an array of X509 structures.
my @rv = Net::SSLeay::get_peer_cert_chain($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: list of X509 structures
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_peer_certificate.html>
• get_quiet_shutdown
Returns the 'quiet shutdown' setting of ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_quiet_shutdown($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: (integer) current 'quiet shutdown' value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_quiet_shutdown.html>
• get_rbio
Get 'read' BIO linked to an SSL object $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_rbio($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_rbio.html>
• get_read_ahead
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_read_ahead($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: (integer) read_ahead value
• set_read_ahead
Net::SSLeay::set_read_ahead($ssl, $val);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $val - read_ahead value to be set
#
# returns: the original read_ahead value
• get_security_level
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.1.0, not in LibreSSL
Returns the security level associated with $ssl.
my $level = Net::SSLeay::get_security_level($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: (integer) current security level
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_get_security_level.html>
• set_security_level
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.1.0, not in LibreSSL
Sets the security level associated with $ssl to $level.
Net::SSLeay::set_security_level($ssl, $level);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $level - new security level
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_set_security_level.html>
• set_num_tickets
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.1.1, not in LibreSSL
Set number of TLSv1.3 session tickets that will be sent to a client.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_num_tickets($ssl, $number_of_tickets);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $number_of_tickets - number of tickets to send
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Set to zero if you do not no want to support a session resumption.
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_set_num_tickets.html>
• get_num_tickets
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.1.1, not in LibreSSL
Get number of TLSv1.3 session tickets that will be sent to a client.
my $number_of_tickets = Net::SSLeay::get_num_tickets($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: number of tickets to send
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_get_num_tickets.html>
• get_server_random
Returns internal SSLv3 server_random value.
Net::SSLeay::get_server_random($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: server_random value (binary data)
• get_client_random
NOTE: Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function
Returns internal SSLv3 client_random value.
Net::SSLeay::get_client_random($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: client_random value (binary data)
• export_keying_material
Returns keying material based on the string $label and optional $context. Note that
with TLSv1.2 and lower, empty context (empty string) and undefined context (no value
or 'undef') will return different values.
my $out = Net::SSLeay::export_keying_material($ssl, $olen, $label, $context);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $olen - number of bytes to return
# $label - application specific label
# $context - [optional] context - default is undef for no context
#
# returns: keying material (binary data) or undef on error
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_export_keying_material.html>
• get_session
Retrieve TLS/SSL session data used in $ssl. The reference count of the SSL_SESSION is
NOT incremented.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_session($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_session.html>
• SSL_get0_session
The alias for "get_session" (note that the name is "SSL_get0_session" NOT
"get0_session").
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SSL_get0_session();
• get1_session
Returns a pointer to the SSL_SESSION actually used in $ssl. The reference count of the
SSL_SESSION is incremented by 1.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get1_session($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_session.html>
• get_shared_ciphers
Returns string with a list (colon ':' separated) of ciphers shared between client and
server within SSL session $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_shared_ciphers()
#
# returns: string like 'ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-DSS-AES256-SHA:...'
• get_shutdown
Returns the shutdown mode of $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_shutdown($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: shutdown mode (bitmask) of ssl
#to decode the return value (bitmask) use:
0 - No shutdown setting, yet
1 - SSL_SENT_SHUTDOWN
2 - SSL_RECEIVED_SHUTDOWN
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_shutdown.html>
• get_ssl_method
Returns a function pointer to the TLS/SSL method set in $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_ssl_method($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_METHOD structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_ssl_version.html>
• in_init, in_before, is_init_finished, in_connect_init, in_accept_init
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before.
Retrieve information about the handshake state machine. All functions take $ssl as the
only argument and return 0 or 1. These functions are recommended over get_state() and
state().
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::is_init_finished($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: All functions return 1 or 0
Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_in_init.html
<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_in_init.html>
• get_state
COMPATIBILITY: OpenSSL 1.1.0 and later use different constants which are not made
available. Use is_init_finished() and related functions instead.
Returns the SSL connection state.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_state($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: (integer) state value
# to decode the returned state check:
# SSL_ST_* constants in openssl/ssl.h
# SSL2_ST_* constants in openssl/ssl2.h
# SSL23_ST_* constants in openssl/ssl23.h
# SSL3_ST_* + DTLS1_ST_* constants in openssl/ssl3.h
• state
Exactly the same as "get_state".
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::state($ssl);
• set_state
Sets the SSL connection state.
Net::SSLeay::set_state($ssl,Net::SSLeay::SSL_ST_ACCEPT());
Not available with OpenSSL 1.1 and later.
• get_verify_depth
Returns the verification depth limit currently set in $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_verify_depth($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: current depth or -1 if no limit has been explicitly set
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get_verify_mode.html>
• set_verify_depth
Sets the maximum depth for the certificate chain verification that shall be allowed
for $ssl.
Net::SSLeay::set_verify_depth($ssl, $depth);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $depth - (integer) depth
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_verify.html>
• get_verify_mode
Returns the verification mode (bitmask) currently set in $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_verify_mode($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: mode (bitmask)
To decode the return value (bitmask) see documentation for "CTX_get_verify_mode".
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get_verify_mode.html>
• set_verify
Sets the verification flags for $ssl to be $mode and specifies the $verify_callback
function to be used.
Net::SSLeay::set_verify($ssl, $mode, $callback);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $mode - mode (bitmask)
# $callback - [optional] reference to perl callback function
#
# returns: no return value
For $mode bitmask details see "CTX_get_verify_mode".
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_verify.html>
• set_post_handshake_auth
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.1.1, not in LibreSSL
Enable the Post-Handshake Authentication extension to be added to the ClientHello such
that post-handshake authentication can be requested by the server.
Net::SSLeay::set_posthandshake_auth($ssl, $val);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $val - 0 then the extension is not sent, otherwise it is
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc
https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_set_post_handshake_auth
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_set_post_handshake_auth.html>
• verify_client_post_handshake
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.1.1, not in LibreSSL
verify_client_post_handshake causes a CertificateRequest message to be sent by a
server on the given ssl connection.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::verify_client_post_handshake($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: 1 if the request succeeded, and 0 if the request failed. The error stack can be examined to determine the failure reason.
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_verify_client_post_handshake.html>
• get_verify_result
Returns the result of the verification of the X509 certificate presented by the peer,
if any.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_verify_result($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: (integer)
# 0 - X509_V_OK: ok
# 2 - X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_ISSUER_CERT: unable to get issuer certificate
# 3 - X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_CRL: unable to get certificate CRL
# 4 - X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_DECRYPT_CERT_SIGNATURE: unable to decrypt certificate's signature
# 5 - X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_DECRYPT_CRL_SIGNATURE: unable to decrypt CRL's signature
# 6 - X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_DECODE_ISSUER_PUBLIC_KEY: unable to decode issuer public key
# 7 - X509_V_ERR_CERT_SIGNATURE_FAILURE: certificate signature failure
# 8 - X509_V_ERR_CRL_SIGNATURE_FAILURE: CRL signature failure
# 9 - X509_V_ERR_CERT_NOT_YET_VALID: certificate is not yet valid
# 10 - X509_V_ERR_CERT_HAS_EXPIRED: certificate has expired
# 11 - X509_V_ERR_CRL_NOT_YET_VALID: CRL is not yet valid
# 12 - X509_V_ERR_CRL_HAS_EXPIRED: CRL has expired
# 13 - X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CERT_NOT_BEFORE_FIELD: format error in certificate's notBefore field
# 14 - X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CERT_NOT_AFTER_FIELD: format error in certificate's notAfter field
# 15 - X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CRL_LAST_UPDATE_FIELD: format error in CRL's lastUpdate field
# 16 - X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CRL_NEXT_UPDATE_FIELD: format error in CRL's nextUpdate field
# 17 - X509_V_ERR_OUT_OF_MEM: out of memory
# 18 - X509_V_ERR_DEPTH_ZERO_SELF_SIGNED_CERT: self signed certificate
# 19 - X509_V_ERR_SELF_SIGNED_CERT_IN_CHAIN: self signed certificate in certificate chain
# 20 - X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_ISSUER_CERT_LOCALLY: unable to get local issuer certificate
# 21 - X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_VERIFY_LEAF_SIGNATURE: unable to verify the first certificate
# 22 - X509_V_ERR_CERT_CHAIN_TOO_LONG: certificate chain too long
# 23 - X509_V_ERR_CERT_REVOKED: certificate revoked
# 24 - X509_V_ERR_INVALID_CA: invalid CA certificate
# 25 - X509_V_ERR_PATH_LENGTH_EXCEEDED: path length constraint exceeded
# 26 - X509_V_ERR_INVALID_PURPOSE: unsupported certificate purpose
# 27 - X509_V_ERR_CERT_UNTRUSTED: certificate not trusted
# 28 - X509_V_ERR_CERT_REJECTED: certificate rejected
# 29 - X509_V_ERR_SUBJECT_ISSUER_MISMATCH: subject issuer mismatch
# 30 - X509_V_ERR_AKID_SKID_MISMATCH: authority and subject key identifier mismatch
# 31 - X509_V_ERR_AKID_ISSUER_SERIAL_MISMATCH: authority and issuer serial number mismatch
# 32 - X509_V_ERR_KEYUSAGE_NO_CERTSIGN:key usage does not include certificate signing
# 50 - X509_V_ERR_APPLICATION_VERIFICATION: application verification failure
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_verify_result.html>
• set_verify_result
Override result of peer certificate verification.
Net::SSLeay::set_verify_result($ssl, $v);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $v - (integer) result value
#
# returns: no return value
For more info about valid return values see "get_verify_result"
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_verify_result.html>
• get_wbio
Get 'write' BIO linked to an SSL object $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_wbio($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_rbio.html>
• load_client_CA_file
Load X509 certificates from file (PEM formatted).
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::load_client_CA_file($file);
# $file - (string) file name
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509_NAME) structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_load_client_CA_file.html>
• clear_num_renegotiations
Executes SSL_CTRL_CLEAR_NUM_RENEGOTIATIONS command on $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::clear_num_renegotiations($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: command result
• need_tmp_RSA
Executes SSL_CTRL_NEED_TMP_RSA command on $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::need_tmp_RSA($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: command result
Not available with OpenSSL 1.1 and later.
• num_renegotiations
Executes SSL_CTRL_GET_NUM_RENEGOTIATIONS command on $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::num_renegotiations($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: command result
• total_renegotiations
Executes SSL_CTRL_GET_TOTAL_RENEGOTIATIONS command on $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::total_renegotiations($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: command result
• peek
Copies $max bytes from the specified $ssl into the returned value. In contrast to the
"Net::SSLeay::read()" function, the data in the SSL buffer is unmodified after the
SSL_peek() operation.
Net::SSLeay::peek($ssl, $max);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $max - [optional] max bytes to peek (integer) - default is 32768
#
# in scalar context: data read from the TLS/SSL connection, undef on error
# in list context: two-item array consisting of data read (undef on error),
# and return code from SSL_peek().
• peek_ex
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.1.1, not in LibreSSL
Copies $max bytes from the specified $ssl into the returned value. In contrast to the
"Net::SSLeay::read_ex()" function, the data in the SSL buffer is unmodified after the
SSL_peek_ex() operation.
my($got, $rv) = Net::SSLeay::peek_ex($ssl, $max);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $max - [optional] max bytes to peek (integer) - default is 32768
#
# returns a list: two-item list consisting of data read (undef on error),
# and return code from SSL_peek_ex().
Check openssl doc <https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_peek_ex.html>
• pending
Obtain number of readable bytes buffered in $ssl object.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::pending($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: the number of bytes pending
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_pending.html>
• has_pending
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.1.0, not in LibreSSL
Returns 1 if $ssl has buffered data (whether processed or unprocessed) and 0
otherwise.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::has_pending($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: (integer) 1 or 0
Check openssl doc <https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_has_pending.html>
• read
Tries to read $max bytes from the specified $ssl.
my $got = Net::SSLeay::read($ssl, $max);
my($got, $rv) = Net::SSLeay::read($ssl, $max);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $max - [optional] max bytes to read (integer) - default is 32768
#
# returns:
# in scalar context: data read from the TLS/SSL connection, undef on error
# in list context: two-item array consisting of data read (undef on error),
# and return code from SSL_read().
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_read.html>
• read_ex
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.1.1, not in LibreSSL
Tries to read $max bytes from the specified $ssl.
my($got, $rv) = Net::SSLeay::read_ex($ssl, $max);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $max - [optional] max bytes to read (integer) - default is 32768
#
# returns a list: two-item list consisting of data read (undef on error),
# and return code from SSL_read_ex().
Check openssl doc <https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_read_ex.html>
• renegotiate
Turn on flags for renegotiation so that renegotiation will happen
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::renegotiate($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• rstate_string
Returns a 2 letter string indicating the current read state of the SSL object $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::rstate_string($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: 2-letter string
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_rstate_string.html>
• rstate_string_long
Returns a string indicating the current read state of the SSL object ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::rstate_string_long($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: string with current state
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_rstate_string.html>
• session_reused
Query whether a reused session was negotiated during handshake.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::session_reused($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: 0 - new session was negotiated; 1 - session was reused.
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_session_reused.html>
• set1_param
COMPATIBILITY: requires at least OpenSSL 1.0.0-beta3
Applies X509 verification parameters $vpm on $ssl
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set1_param($ssl, $vpm);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $vpm - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• set_accept_state
Sets $ssl to work in server mode.
Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_connect_state.html>
• set_bio
Connects the BIOs $rbio and $wbio for the read and write operations of the TLS/SSL
(encrypted) side of $ssl.
Net::SSLeay::set_bio($ssl, $rbio, $wbio);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $rbio - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
# $wbio - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_bio.html>
• set_cipher_list
Sets the list of ciphers only for ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_cipher_list($ssl, $str);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $str - (string) cipher list e.g. '3DES:+RSA'
#
# returns: 1 if any cipher could be selected and 0 on complete failure
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list.html>
• set_ciphersuites
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.1.1, not in LibreSSL
Configure the available TLSv1.3 ciphersuites.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_ciphersuites($ssl, $str);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $str - colon (":") separated list of TLSv1.3 ciphersuite names in order of preference
#
# returns: (integer) 1 if the requested ciphersuite list was configured, and 0 otherwise
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_set_ciphersuites.html>
• set_client_CA_list
Sets the list of CAs sent to the client when requesting a client certificate for the
chosen $ssl, overriding the setting valid for $ssl's SSL_CTX object.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_client_CA_list($ssl, $list);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $list - value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509_NAME) structure
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_client_CA_list.html>
• set_connect_state
Sets $ssl to work in client mode.
Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_connect_state.html>
• set_fd
Sets the file descriptor $fd as the input/output facility for the TLS/SSL (encrypted)
side of $ssl, $fd will typically be the socket file descriptor of a network
connection.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_fd($ssl, $fd);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $fd - (integer) file handle (got via perl's fileno)
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_fd.html>
• set_psk_client_callback
Sets the psk client callback.
Net::SSLeay::set_psk_client_callback($ssl, sub { my $hint = shift; return ($identity, $key) } );
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $hint - PSK identity hint send by the server
# $identity - PSK identity
# $key - PSK key, hex string without the leading '0x', e.g. 'deadbeef'
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_psk_client_callback.html>
• set_rfd
Sets the file descriptor $fd as the input (read) facility for the TLS/SSL (encrypted)
side of $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_rfd($ssl, $fd);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $fd - (integer) file handle (got via perl's fileno)
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_fd.html>
• set_wfd
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_wfd($ssl, $fd);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $fd - (integer) file handle (got via perl's fileno)
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_fd.html>
• set_info_callback
Sets the callback function, that can be used to obtain state information for $ssl
during connection setup and use. When callback is undef, the callback setting
currently valid for ctx is used.
Net::SSLeay::set_info_callback($ssl, $cb, [$data]);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $cb - sub { my ($ssl,$where,$ret,$data) = @_; ... }
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_info_callback.html>
• CTX_set_info_callback
Sets the callback function on ctx, that can be used to obtain state information during
ssl connection setup and use. When callback is undef, an existing callback will be
disabled.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_info_callback($ssl, $cb, [$data]);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $cb - sub { my ($ssl,$where,$ret,$data) = @_; ... }
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_info_callback.html>
• set_msg_callback
Sets the callback function, that can be used to obtain protocol messages information
for $ssl during connection setup and use. When callback is undef, the callback
setting currently valid for ctx is used. Note that set_msg_callback_arg is not
provided as there is no need to explicitly set $arg, this is handled by
set_msg_callback.
Net::SSLeay::set_msg_callback($ssl, $cb, [$arg]);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $cb - sub { my ($write_p,$version,$content_type,$buf,$len,$ssl,$arg) = @_; ... }
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc
<http://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_set_msg_callback.html>
• CTX_set_msg_callback
Sets the callback function on ctx, that can be used to obtain protocol messages
information for ssl connection setup and use. When callback is undef, the existing
callback will be disabled. Note that CTX_set_msg_callback_arg is not provided as
there is no need to explicitly set $arg, this is handled by CTX_set_msg_callback.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_msg_callback($ssl, $cb, [$arg]);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $cb - sub { my ($write_p,$version,$content_type,$buf,$len,$ssl,$arg) = @_; ... }
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc
<http://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_CTX_set_msg_callback.html>
• set_pref_cipher
Sets the list of available ciphers for $ssl using the control string $str.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_pref_cipher($ssl, $str);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $str - (string) cipher list e.g. '3DES:+RSA'
#
# returns: 1 if any cipher could be selected and 0 on complete failure
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list.html>
• CTX_set_psk_client_callback
Sets the psk client callback.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_psk_client_callback($ssl, sub { my $hint = shift; return ($identity, $key) } );
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $hint - PSK identity hint send by the server
# $identity - PSK identity
# $key - PSK key, hex string without the leading '0x', e.g. 'deadbeef'
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc
<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_psk_client_callback.html>
• set_purpose
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_purpose($ssl, $purpose);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $purpose - (integer) purpose identifier
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
For more info about available $purpose identifiers see "CTX_set_purpose".
• set_quiet_shutdown
Sets the 'quiet shutdown' flag for $ssl to be $mode.
Net::SSLeay::set_quiet_shutdown($ssl, $mode);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $mode - 0 or 1
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_quiet_shutdown.html>
• set_session
Set a TLS/SSL session to be used during TLS/SSL connect.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_session($to, $ses);
# $to - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $ses - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_session.html>
• set_session_id_context
Sets the context $sid_ctx of length $sid_ctx_len within which a session can be reused
for the $ssl object.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_session_id_context($ssl, $sid_ctx, $sid_ctx_len);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $sid_ctx - data buffer
# $sid_ctx_len - length of data in $sid_ctx
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc
<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_session_id_context.html>
• set_session_secret_cb
Setup pre-shared secret session resumption function.
Net::SSLeay::set_session_secret_cb($ssl, $func, $data);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $func - perl reference to callback function
# $data - [optional] data that will be passed to callback function when invoked
#
# returns: no return value
The callback function will be called like:
callback_function($secret, $ciphers, $pref_cipher, $data);
# $secret is the current master session key, usually all 0s at the beginning of a session
# $ciphers is ref to an array of peer cipher names
# $pref_cipher is a ref to an index into the list of cipher names of
# the preferred cipher. Set it if you want to specify a preferred cipher
# $data is the data passed to set_session_secret_cb
The callback function should return 1 if it likes the suggested cipher (or has
selected an alternative by setting pref_cipher), else it should return 0 (in which
case OpenSSL will select its own preferred cipher).
With OpenSSL 1.1 and later, callback_function can change the master key for the
session by altering $secret and returning 1.
• CTX_set_tlsext_ticket_getkey_cb
Setup encryption for TLS session tickets (stateless session reuse).
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_tlsext_ticket_getkey_cb($ctx, $func, $data);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $func - perl reference to callback function
# $data - [optional] data that will be passed to callback function when invoked
#
# returns: no return value
The callback function will be called like:
getkey($data,[$key_name]) -> ($key,$current_key_name)
# $data is the data passed to set_session_secret_cb
# $key_name is the name of the key OpenSSL has extracted from the session ticket
# $key is the requested key for ticket encryption + HMAC
# $current_key_name is the name for the currently valid key
OpenSSL will call the function without a key name if it generates a new ticket. It
then needs the callback to return the encryption+HMAC key and an identifier (key name)
for this key.
When OpenSSL gets a session ticket from the client it extracts the key name and calls
the callback with this name as argument. It then expects the callback to return the
encryption+HMAC key matching the requested key name and and also the key name which
should be used at the moment. If the requested key name and the returned key name
differ it means that this session ticket was created with an expired key and need to
be renewed. In this case OpenSSL will call the callback again with no key name to
create a new session ticket based on the old one.
The key must be at least 32 byte of random data which can be created with RAND_bytes.
Internally the first 16 byte are used as key in AES-128 encryption while the next 16
byte are used for the SHA-256 HMAC. The key name are binary data and must be exactly
16 byte long.
Example:
Net::SSLeay::RAND_bytes(my $oldkey,32);
Net::SSLeay::RAND_bytes(my $newkey,32);
my $oldkey_name = pack("a16",'oldsecret');
my $newkey_name = pack("a16",'newsecret');
my @keys = (
[ $newkey_name, $newkey ], # current active key
[ $oldkey_name, $oldkey ], # already expired
);
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_tlsext_ticket_getkey_cb($server2->_ctx, sub {
my ($mykeys,$name) = @_;
# return (current_key, current_key_name) if no name given
return ($mykeys->[0][1],$mykeys->[0][0]) if ! $name;
# return (matching_key, current_key_name) if we find a key matching
# the given name
for(my $i = 0; $i<@$mykeys; $i++) {
next if $name ne $mykeys->[$i][0];
return ($mykeys->[$i][1],$mykeys->[0][0]);
}
# no matching key found
return;
},\@keys);
This function is based on the OpenSSL function SSL_CTX_set_tlsext_ticket_key_cb but
provides a simpler to use interface. For more information see
<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tlsext_ticket_key_cb.html>
• set_session_ticket_ext_cb
Setup callback for TLS session tickets (stateless session reuse).
Net::SSLeay::set_session_ticket_ext_cb($ssl, $func, $data);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $func - perl reference to callback function
# $data - [optional] data that will be passed to callback function when invoked
#
# returns: no return value
The callback function will be called like:
getticket($ssl,$ticket,$data) -> $return_value
# $ssl is a value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $ticket is a value of received TLS session ticket (can also be empty)
# $data is the data passed to set_session_ticket_ext_cb
# $return_value is either 0 (failure) or 1 (success)
This function is based on the OpenSSL function SSL_set_session_ticket_ext_cb.
• set_session_ticket_ext
Set TLS session ticket (stateless session reuse).
Net::SSLeay::set_session_ticket_ext($ssl, $ticket);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $ticket - is a value of TLS session ticket which client will send (can also be empty string)
#
# returns: no return value
The callback function will be called like:
getticket($ssl,$ticket,$data) -> $return_value
# $ssl is a value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $ticket is a value of received TLS session ticket (can also be empty)
# $data is the data passed to set_session_ticket_ext_cb
# $return_value is either 0 (failure) or 1 (success)
This function is based on the OpenSSL function SSL_set_session_ticket_ext_cb.
• set_shutdown
Sets the shutdown state of $ssl to $mode.
Net::SSLeay::set_shutdown($ssl, $mode);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $mode - (integer) shutdown mode:
# 0 - No shutdown
# 1 - SSL_SENT_SHUTDOWN
# 2 - SSL_RECEIVED_SHUTDOWN
# 3 - SSL_RECEIVED_SHUTDOWN+SSL_SENT_SHUTDOWN
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_shutdown.html>
• set_ssl_method
Sets a new TLS/SSL method for a particular $ssl object.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_ssl_method($ssl, $method);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $method - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_METHOD structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_ssl_version.html>
• set_tmp_dh
Sets DH parameters to be used to be $dh.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_tmp_dh($ssl, $dh);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $dh - value corresponding to openssl's DH structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback.html>
• set_tmp_dh_callback
Sets the callback function for $ssl to be used when a DH parameters are required to
$dh_cb.
??? (does this function really work?)
Net::SSLeay::set_tmp_dh_callback($ssl, $dh);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $dh_cb - pointer to function ???
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback.html>
• set_tmp_rsa
Sets the temporary/ephemeral RSA key to be used in $ssl to be $rsa.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_tmp_rsa($ssl, $rsa);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $rsa - value corresponding to openssl's RSA structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Example:
$rsakey = Net::SSLeay::RSA_generate_key();
Net::SSLeay::set_tmp_rsa($ssl, $rsakey);
Net::SSLeay::RSA_free($rsakey);
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_rsa_callback.html>
• set_tmp_rsa_callback
Sets the callback function for $ssl to be used when a temporary/ephemeral RSA key is
required to $tmp_rsa_callback.
??? (does this function really work?)
Net::SSLeay::set_tmp_rsa_callback($ssl, $tmp_rsa_callback);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $tmp_rsa_callback - (function pointer) ???
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_rsa_callback.html>
• set_trust
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_trust($ssl, $trust);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $trust - (integer) trust identifier
#
# returns: the original value
For more details about $trust values see "CTX_set_trust".
• shutdown
Shuts down an active TLS/SSL connection. It sends the 'close notify' shutdown alert to
the peer.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::shutdown($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: 1 - shutdown was successfully completed
# 0 - shutdown is not yet finished,
# -1 - shutdown was not successful
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_shutdown.html>
• state_string
Returns a 6 letter string indicating the current state of the SSL object $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::state_string($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: 6-letter string
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_state_string.html>
• state_string_long
Returns a string indicating the current state of the SSL object $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::state_string_long($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: state strings
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_state_string.html>
• set_default_passwd_cb
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.1.0f. Not needed with LibreSSL.
Sets the default password callback called when loading/storing a PEM certificate with
encryption for $ssl.
Net::SSLeay::set_default_passwd_cb($ssl, $func);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $func - perl reference to callback function
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb.html>
• set_default_passwd_cb_userdata
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.1.0f. Not needed with LibreSSL.
Sets a pointer to userdata which will be provided to the password callback of $ssl on
invocation.
Net::SSLeay::set_default_passwd_cb_userdata($ssl, $userdata);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $userdata - data that will be passed to callback function when invoked
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb.html>
• use_PrivateKey
Adds $pkey as private key to $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_PrivateKey($ssl, $pkey);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $pkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html>
• use_PrivateKey_ASN1
Adds the private key of type $pk stored in $data to $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_PrivateKey_ASN1($pk, $ssl, $d, $len);
# $pk - (integer) key type, NID of corresponding algorithm
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $data - key data (binary)
# $len - length of $data
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html>
• use_PrivateKey_file
Adds the first private key found in $file to $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_PrivateKey_file($ssl, $file, $type);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $file - (string) file name
# $type - (integer) type - use constants &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM or &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_ASN1
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html>
• use_RSAPrivateKey
Adds $rsa as RSA private key to $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_RSAPrivateKey($ssl, $rsa);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $rsa - value corresponding to openssl's RSA structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html>
• use_RSAPrivateKey_ASN1
Adds RSA private key stored in $data to $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_RSAPrivateKey_ASN1($ssl, $data, $len);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $data - key data (binary)
# $len - length of $data
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html>
• use_RSAPrivateKey_file
Adds the first RSA private key found in $file to $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_RSAPrivateKey_file($ssl, $file, $type);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $file - (string) file name
# $type - (integer) type - use constants &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM or &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_ASN1
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html>
• use_certificate
Loads the certificate $x into $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_certificate($ssl, $x);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html>
• use_certificate_ASN1
Loads the ASN1 encoded certificate from $data to $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_certificate_ASN1($ssl, $data, $len);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $data - certificate data (binary)
# $len - length of $data
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html>
• use_certificate_chain_file
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.1.0
Loads a certificate chain from $file into $ssl. The certificates must be in PEM format
and must be sorted starting with the subject's certificate (actual client or server
certificate), followed by intermediate CA certificates if applicable, and ending at
the highest level (root) CA.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_certificate_chain_file($ssl, $file);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $file - (string) file name
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html>
• use_certificate_file
Loads the first certificate stored in $file into $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_certificate_file($ssl, $file, $type);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $file - (string) file name
# $type - (integer) type - use constants &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM or &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_ASN1
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html>
• get_version
Returns SSL/TLS protocol name
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_version($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: (string) protocol name, see OpenSSL manual for the full list
# TLSv1
# TLSv1.3
Check openssl doc <https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_get_version.html>
• version
Returns SSL/TLS protocol version
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::version($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: (integer) protocol version, see OpenSSL manual for the full list
# 0x0301 - TLS1_VERSION (TLSv1)
# 0xFEFF - DTLS1_VERSION (DTLSv1)
Check openssl doc <https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_version.html>
• client_version
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.1.0, not in LibreSSL
Returns TLS protocol version used by the client when initiating the connection
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::client_version($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: (integer) protocol version, see OpenSSL manual for the full list
# 0x0301 - TLS1_VERSION (TLSv1)
# 0xFEFF - DTLS1_VERSION (DTLSv1)
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_client_version.html>
• is_dtls
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.1.0, not in LibreSSL
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::is_dtls($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: (integer) zero or one
# 0 - connection is not using DTLS
# 1 - connection is using DTLS
Check openssl doc <https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_is_dtls.html>
• want
Returns state information for the SSL object $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::want($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: state
# 1 - SSL_NOTHING
# 2 - SSL_WRITING
# 3 - SSL_READING
# 4 - SSL_X509_LOOKUP
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_want.html>
• write
Writes data from the buffer $data into the specified $ssl connection.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::write($ssl, $data);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $data - data to be written
#
# returns: >0 - (success) number of bytes actually written to the TLS/SSL connection
# 0 - write not successful, probably the underlying connection was closed
# <0 - error
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_write.html>
• write_ex
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.1.1, not in LibreSSL
Writes data from the buffer $data into the specified $ssl connection.
my ($len, $rv) = Net::SSLeay::write_ex($ssl, $data);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $data - data to be written
#
# returns a list: two-item list consisting of number of bytes written,
# and return code from SSL_write_ex()
Check openssl doc <https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_write_ex.html>
• write_partial
NOTE: Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function
Writes a fragment of data in $data from the buffer $data into the specified $ssl
connection. This is a non-blocking function like Net::SSLeay::write().
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::write_partial($ssl, $from, $count, $data);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $from - (integer) offset from the beginning of $data
# $count - (integer) length of data to be written
# $data - data buffer
#
# returns: >0 - (success) number of bytes actually written to the TLS/SSL connection
# 0 - write not successful, probably the underlying connection was closed
# <0 - error
• set_tlsext_host_name
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least
openssl-0.9.8f
Sets TLS servername extension on SLL object $ssl to value $name.
my $rv = set_tlsext_host_name($ssl, $name);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $name - (string) name to be set
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Low level API: RAND_* related functions
Check openssl doc related to RAND stuff <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/rand.html>
• RAND_add
Mixes the $num bytes at $buf into the PRNG state.
Net::SSLeay::RAND_add($buf, $num, $entropy);
# $buf - buffer with data to be mixed into the PRNG state
# $num - number of bytes in $buf
# $entropy - estimate of how much randomness is contained in $buf (in bytes)
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_add.html>
• RAND_seed
Equivalent to "RAND_add" when $num == $entropy.
Net::SSLeay::RAND_seed($buf); # Perlishly figures out buf size
# $buf - buffer with data to be mixed into the PRNG state
# $num - number of bytes in $buf
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_add.html>
• RAND_status
Gives PRNG status (seeded enough or not).
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::RAND_status();
#returns: 1 if the PRNG has been seeded with enough data, 0 otherwise
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_add.html>
• RAND_bytes
Puts $num cryptographically strong pseudo-random bytes into $buf.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::RAND_bytes($buf, $num);
# $buf - buffer where the random data will be stored
# $num - the size (in bytes) of requested random data
#
# returns: 1 on success, -1 if not supported by the current RAND method, or 0 on other failure
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/RAND_bytes.html>
• RAND_priv_bytes
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.1.1, not in LibreSSL
Puts $num cryptographically strong pseudo-random bytes into $buf.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::RAND_priv_bytes($buf, $num);
# $buf - buffer where the random data will be stored
# $num - the size (in bytes) of requested random data
#
# returns: 1 on success, -1 if not supported by the current RAND method, or 0 on other failure
RAND_priv_bytes has the same semantics as RAND_bytes, but see see the documentation
for more information.
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/RAND_priv_bytes.html>
• RAND_pseudo_bytes
Puts $num pseudo-random (not necessarily unpredictable) bytes into $buf.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::RAND_pseudo_bytes($buf, $num);
# $buf - buffer where the random data will be stored
# $num - the size (in bytes) of requested random data
#
# returns: 1 if the bytes generated are cryptographically strong, 0 otherwise
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_bytes.html>
• RAND_cleanup
Erase the PRNG state.
Net::SSLeay::RAND_cleanup();
# no args, no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_cleanup.html>
• RAND_egd_bytes
Queries the entropy gathering daemon EGD on socket $path for $bytes bytes.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::RAND_egd_bytes($path, $bytes);
# $path - path to a socket of entropy gathering daemon EGD
# $bytes - number of bytes we want from EGD
#
# returns: the number of bytes read from the daemon on success, and -1 on failure
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_egd.html>
• RAND_file_name
Generates a default path for the random seed file.
my $file = Net::SSLeay::RAND_file_name($num);
# $num - maximum size of returned file name
#
# returns: string with file name on success, '' (empty string) or undef on failure
LibreSSL and OpenSSL 1.1.0a and later return undef when, for example, $num is not
large enough to hold the filename.
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_load_file.html>
• RAND_load_file
COMPATIBILITY: Is no longer functional on LibreSSL
Reads $max_bytes of bytes from $file_name and adds them to the PRNG.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::RAND_load_file($file_name, $max_bytes);
# $file_name - the name of file
# $max_bytes - bytes to read from $file_name; -1 => the complete file is read
#
# returns: the number of bytes read
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_load_file.html>
• RAND_write_file
Writes 1024 random bytes to $file_name which can be used to initialize the PRNG by
calling "RAND_load_file" in a later session.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::RAND_write_file($file_name);
# $file_name - the name of file
#
# returns: the number of bytes written, and -1 if the bytes written were generated without appropriate seed
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_load_file.html>
• RAND_poll
Collects some entropy from operating system and adds it to the PRNG.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::RAND_poll();
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure (unable to gather reasonable entropy)
Low level API: OBJ_* related functions
• OBJ_cmp
Compares ASN1_OBJECT $a to ASN1_OBJECT $b.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_cmp($a, $b);
# $a - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure
# $b - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure
#
# returns: if the two are identical 0 is returned
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html>
• OBJ_dup
Returns a copy/duplicate of $o.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_dup($o);
# $o - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html>
• OBJ_nid2ln
Returns long name for given NID $n.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_nid2ln($n);
# $n - (integer) NID
#
# returns: (string) long name e.g. 'commonName'
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html>
• OBJ_ln2nid
Returns NID corresponding to given long name $n.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_ln2nid($s);
# $s - (string) long name e.g. 'commonName'
#
# returns: (integer) NID
• OBJ_nid2sn
Returns short name for given NID $n.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_nid2sn($n);
# $n - (integer) NID
#
# returns: (string) short name e.g. 'CN'
Example:
print Net::SSLeay::OBJ_nid2sn(&Net::SSLeay::NID_commonName);
• OBJ_sn2nid
Returns NID corresponding to given short name $s.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_sn2nid($s);
# $s - (string) short name e.g. 'CN'
#
# returns: (integer) NID
Example:
print "NID_commonName constant=", &Net::SSLeay::NID_commonName;
print "OBJ_sn2nid('CN')=", Net::SSLeay::OBJ_sn2nid('CN');
• OBJ_nid2obj
Returns ASN1_OBJECT for given NID $n.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_nid2obj($n);
# $n - (integer) NID
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html>
• OBJ_obj2nid
Returns NID corresponding to given ASN1_OBJECT $o.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_obj2nid($o);
# $o - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure
#
# returns: (integer) NID
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html>
• OBJ_txt2obj
Converts the text string s into an ASN1_OBJECT structure. If $no_name is 0 then long
names (e.g. 'commonName') and short names (e.g. 'CN') will be interpreted as well as
numerical forms (e.g. '2.5.4.3'). If $no_name is 1 only the numerical form is
acceptable.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_txt2obj($s, $no_name);
# $s - text string to be converted
# $no_name - (integer) 0 or 1
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html>
• OBJ_obj2txt
Converts the ASN1_OBJECT a into a textual representation.
Net::SSLeay::OBJ_obj2txt($a, $no_name);
# $a - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure
# $no_name - (integer) 0 or 1
#
# returns: textual representation e.g. 'commonName' ($no_name=0), '2.5.4.3' ($no_name=1)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html>
• OBJ_txt2nid
Returns NID corresponding to text string $s which can be a long name, a short name or
the numerical representation of an object.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_txt2nid($s);
# $s - (string) e.g. 'commonName' or 'CN' or '2.5.4.3'
#
# returns: (integer) NID
Example:
my $nid = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_txt2nid('2.5.4.3');
Net::SSLeay::OBJ_nid2sn($n);
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html>
Low level API: ASN1_INTEGER_* related functions
• ASN1_INTEGER_new
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Creates a new ASN1_INTEGER structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::ASN1_INTEGER_new();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_INTEGER structure (0 on failure)
• ASN1_INTEGER_free
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Free an allocated ASN1_INTEGER structure.
Net::SSLeay::ASN1_INTEGER_free($i);
# $i - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_INTEGER structure
#
# returns: no return value
• ASN1_INTEGER_get
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns integer value of given ASN1_INTEGER object.
BEWARE: If the value stored in ASN1_INTEGER is greater than max. integer that can be
stored in 'long' type (usually 32bit but may vary according to platform) then this
function will return -1. For getting large ASN1_INTEGER values consider using
"P_ASN1_INTEGER_get_dec" or "P_ASN1_INTEGER_get_hex".
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::ASN1_INTEGER_get($a);
# $a - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_INTEGER structure
#
# returns: integer value of ASN1_INTEGER object in $a
• ASN1_INTEGER_set
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Sets value of given ASN1_INTEGER object to value $val
BEWARE: $val has max. limit (= max. integer that can be stored in 'long' type). For
setting large ASN1_INTEGER values consider using "P_ASN1_INTEGER_set_dec" or
"P_ASN1_INTEGER_set_hex".
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::ASN1_INTEGER_set($i, $val);
# $i - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_INTEGER structure
# $val - integer value
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• P_ASN1_INTEGER_get_dec
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns string with decimal representation of integer value of given ASN1_INTEGER
object.
Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_INTEGER_get_dec($i);
# $i - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_INTEGER structure
#
# returns: string with decimal representation
• P_ASN1_INTEGER_get_hex
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns string with hexadecimal representation of integer value of given ASN1_INTEGER
object.
Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_INTEGER_get_hex($i);
# $i - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_INTEGER structure
#
# returns: string with hexadecimal representation
• P_ASN1_INTEGER_set_dec
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Sets value of given ASN1_INTEGER object to value $val (decimal string, suitable for
large integers)
Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_INTEGER_set_dec($i, $str);
# $i - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_INTEGER structure
# $str - string with decimal representation
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• P_ASN1_INTEGER_set_hex
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Sets value of given ASN1_INTEGER object to value $val (hexadecimal string, suitable
for large integers)
Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_INTEGER_set_hex($i, $str);
# $i - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_INTEGER structure
# $str - string with hexadecimal representation
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Low level API: ASN1_STRING_* related functions
• P_ASN1_STRING_get
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns string value of given ASN1_STRING object.
Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_STRING_get($s, $utf8_decode);
# $s - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_STRING structure
# $utf8_decode - [optional] 0 or 1 whether the returned value should be utf8 decoded (default=0)
#
# returns: string
$string = Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_STRING_get($s);
#is the same as:
$string = Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_STRING_get($s, 0);
Low level API: ASN1_TIME_* related functions
• ASN1_TIME_new
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before
my $time = ASN1_TIME_new();
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure
• ASN1_TIME_free
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before
ASN1_TIME_free($time);
# $time - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure
• ASN1_TIME_set
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before
ASN1_TIME_set($time, $t);
# $time - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure
# $t - time value in seconds since 1.1.1970
BEWARE: It is platform dependent how this function will handle dates after 2038.
Although perl's integer is large enough the internal implementation of this function
is dependent on the size of time_t structure (32bit time_t has problem with 2038).
If you want to safely set date and time after 2038 use function
"P_ASN1_TIME_set_isotime".
• P_ASN1_TIME_get_isotime
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least
openssl-0.9.7e
NOTE: Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function
Gives ISO-8601 string representation of ASN1_TIME structure.
my $datetime_string = P_ASN1_TIME_get_isotime($time);
# $time - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure
#
# returns: datetime string like '2033-05-16T20:39:37Z' or '' on failure
The output format is compatible with module DateTime::Format::RFC3339
• P_ASN1_TIME_set_isotime
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least
openssl-0.9.7e
NOTE: Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function
Sets time and date value of ANS1_time structure.
my $rv = P_ASN1_TIME_set_isotime($time, $string);
# $time - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure
# $string - ISO-8601 timedate string like '2033-05-16T20:39:37Z'
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
The $string parameter has to be in full form like "2012-03-22T23:55:33" or
"2012-03-22T23:55:33Z" or "2012-03-22T23:55:33CET". Short forms like
"2012-03-22T23:55" or "2012-03-22" are not supported.
• P_ASN1_TIME_put2string
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before, has bugs with
openssl-0.9.8i
NOTE: Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function
Gives string representation of ASN1_TIME structure.
my $str = P_ASN1_TIME_put2string($time);
# $time - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure
#
# returns: datetime string like 'May 16 20:39:37 2033 GMT'
• P_ASN1_UTCTIME_put2string
NOTE: deprecated function, only for backward compatibility, just an alias for
"P_ASN1_TIME_put2string"
Low level API: X509_* related functions
• X509_new
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Allocates and initializes a X509 structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_new();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_new.html>
• X509_free
Frees up the X509 structure.
Net::SSLeay::X509_free($a);
# $a - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_new.html>
• X509_check_host
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.68 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.0.2. X509_CHECK_FLAG_NEVER_CHECK_SUBJECT requires OpenSSL 1.1.0.
Checks if the certificate Subject Alternative Name (SAN) or Subject CommonName (CN)
matches the specified host name.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_check_host($cert, $name, $flags, $peername);
# $cert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# $name - host name to check
# $flags (optional, default: 0) - can be the bitwise OR of:
# &Net::SSLeay::X509_CHECK_FLAG_ALWAYS_CHECK_SUBJECT
# &Net::SSLeay::X509_CHECK_FLAG_NO_WILDCARDS
# &Net::SSLeay::X509_CHECK_FLAG_NO_PARTIAL_WILDCARDS
# &Net::SSLeay::X509_CHECK_FLAG_MULTI_LABEL_WILDCARDS
# &Net::SSLeay::X509_CHECK_FLAG_SINGLE_LABEL_SUBDOMAINS
# &Net::SSLeay::X509_CHECK_FLAG_NEVER_CHECK_SUBJECT
# $peername (optional) - If not omitted and $host matches $cert,
# a copy of the matching SAN or CN from
# the peer certificate is stored in $peername.
#
# returns:
# 1 for a successful match
# 0 for a failed match
# -1 for an internal error
# -2 if the input is malformed
Check openssl doc <https://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_check_host.html>.
• X509_check_email
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.68 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.0.2.
Checks if the certificate matches the specified email address.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_check_email($cert, $address, $flags);
# $cert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# $address - email address to check
# $flags (optional, default: 0) - see X509_check_host()
#
# returns: see X509_check_host()
Check openssl doc <https://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_check_email.html>.
• X509_check_ip
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.68 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.0.2.
Checks if the certificate matches the specified IPv4 or IPv6 address.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_check_ip($cert, $address, $flags);
# $cert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# $address - IP address to check in binary format, in network byte order
# $flags (optional, default: 0) - see X509_check_host()
#
# returns: see X509_check_host()
Check openssl doc <https://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_check_ip.html>.
• X509_check_ip_asc
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.68 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.0.2.
Checks if the certificate matches the specified IPv4 or IPv6 address.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_check_ip_asc($cert, $address, $flags);
# $cert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# $address - IP address to check in text representation
# $flags (optional, default: 0) - see X509_check_host()
#
# returns: see X509_check_host()
Check openssl doc <https://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_check_ip_asc.html>.
• X509_certificate_type
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns bitmask with type of certificate $x.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_certificate_type($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: (integer) bitmask with certificate type
#to decode bitmask returned by this function use these constants:
&Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKS_DSA
&Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKS_EC
&Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKS_RSA
&Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKT_ENC
&Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKT_EXCH
&Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKT_EXP
&Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKT_SIGN
&Net::SSLeay::EVP_PK_DH
&Net::SSLeay::EVP_PK_DSA
&Net::SSLeay::EVP_PK_EC
&Net::SSLeay::EVP_PK_RSA
• X509_digest
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Computes digest/fingerprint of X509 $data using $type hash function.
my $digest_value = Net::SSLeay::X509_digest($data, $type);
# $data - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# $type - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure - e.g. got via EVP_get_digestbyname()
#
# returns: hash value (binary)
#to get printable (hex) value of digest use:
print unpack('H*', $digest_value);
• X509_issuer_and_serial_hash
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Sort of a checksum of issuer name and serial number of X509 certificate $x. The
result is not a full hash (e.g. sha-1), it is kind-of-a-hash truncated to the size of
'unsigned long' (32 bits). The resulting value might differ across different openssl
versions for the same X509 certificate.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_issuer_and_serial_hash($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: number representing checksum
• X509_issuer_name_hash
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Sort of a checksum of issuer name of X509 certificate $x. The result is not a full
hash (e.g. sha-1), it is kind-of-a-hash truncated to the size of 'unsigned long' (32
bits). The resulting value might differ across different openssl versions for the
same X509 certificate.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_issuer_name_hash($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: number representing checksum
• X509_subject_name_hash
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Sort of a checksum of subject name of X509 certificate $x. The result is not a full
hash (e.g. sha-1), it is kind-of-a-hash truncated to the size of 'unsigned long' (32
bits). The resulting value might differ across different openssl versions for the
same X509 certificate.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_subject_name_hash($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: number representing checksum
• X509_pubkey_digest
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least
openssl-0.9.7
Computes digest/fingerprint of public key from X509 certificate $data using $type hash
function.
my $digest_value = Net::SSLeay::X509_pubkey_digest($data, $type);
# $data - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# $type - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure - e.g. got via EVP_get_digestbyname()
#
# returns: hash value (binary)
#to get printable (hex) value of digest use:
print unpack('H*', $digest_value);
• X509_set_issuer_name
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Sets issuer of X509 certificate $x to $name.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_set_issuer_name($x, $name);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_set_pubkey
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Sets public key of X509 certificate $x to $pkey.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_set_pubkey($x, $pkey);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# $pkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_set_serialNumber
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Sets serial number of X509 certificate $x to $serial.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_set_serialNumber($x, $serial);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# $serial - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_INTEGER structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
#to create $serial value use one of these:
$serial = Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_INTEGER_set_hex('45ad6f');
$serial = Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_INTEGER_set_dec('7896541238529631478');
$serial = Net::SSLeay::ASN1_INTEGER_set(45896);
• X509_set_subject_name
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Sets subject of X509 certificate $x to $name.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_set_subject_name($x, $name);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_set_version
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Set 'version' value for X509 certificate $ to $version.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_set_version($x, $version);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# $version - (integer) version number
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_sign
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Sign X509 certificate $x with private key $pkey (using digest algorithm $md).
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_sign($x, $pkey, $md);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# $pkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
# $md - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_verify
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Verifies X509 object $a using public key $r (pubkey of issuing CA).
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_verify($x, $r);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# $r - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
#
# returns: 0 - verify failure, 1 - verify OK, <0 - error
• X509_get_ext_count
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns the total number of extensions in X509 object $x.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_ext_count($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: count of extensions
• X509_get_pubkey
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns public key corresponding to given X509 object $x.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_pubkey($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure (0 on failure)
NOTE: This method returns only the public key's key bits, without the algorithm or
parameters. Use "X509_get_X509_PUBKEY()" to return the full public key (SPKI)
instead.
• X509_get_X509_PUBKEY
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.72 and before
Returns the full public key (SPKI) of given X509 certificate $x.
Net::SSLeay::X509_get_X509_PUBKEY($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: public key data in DER format (binary)
• X509_get_serialNumber
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns serial number of X509 certificate $x.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_serialNumber($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_INTEGER structure (0 on failure)
See "P_ASN1_INTEGER_get_dec", "P_ASN1_INTEGER_get_hex" or "ASN1_INTEGER_get" to decode
ASN1_INTEGER object.
• X509_get0_serialNumber
COMPATIBILITY: available in Net-SSLeay-1.86 onwards
X509_get0_serialNumber() is the same as X509_get_serialNumber() except it accepts a
const parameter and returns a const result.
• X509_get_version
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns 'version' value of given X509 certificate $x.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_version($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: (integer) version
• X509_get_ext
Returns X509_EXTENSION from $x509 based on given position/index.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_ext($x509, $index);
# $x509 - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# $index - (integer) position/index of extension within $x509
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_EXTENSION structure (0 on failure)
• X509_get_ext_by_NID
Returns X509_EXTENSION from $x509 based on given NID.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_ext_by_NID($x509, $nid, $loc);
# $x509 - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# $nid - (integer) NID value
# $loc - (integer) position to start lookup at
#
# returns: position/index of extension, negative value on error
# call Net::SSLeay::X509_get_ext($x509, $rv) to get the actual extension
• X509_get_fingerprint
Returns fingerprint of certificate $cert.
NOTE: Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function. The implementation is
based on openssl's "X509_digest()".
Net::SSLeay::X509_get_fingerprint($x509, $type);
# $x509 - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# $type - (string) digest type, currently supported values:
# "md5"
# "sha1"
# "sha256"
# "ripemd160"
#
# returns: certificate digest - hexadecimal string (NOT binary data!)
• X509_get_issuer_name
Return an X509_NAME object representing the issuer of the certificate $cert.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_issuer_name($cert);
# $cert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure (0 on failure)
• X509_get_notAfter
Return an object giving the time after which the certificate $cert is not valid.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_notAfter($cert);
# $cert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure (0 on failure)
To get human readable/printable form the return value you can use:
my $time = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_notAfter($cert);
print "notAfter=", Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_TIME_get_isotime($time), "\n";
• X509_get_notBefore
Return an object giving the time before which the certificate $cert is not valid
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_notBefore($cert);
# $cert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure (0 on failure)
To get human readable/printable form the return value you can use:
my $time = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_notBefore($cert);
print "notBefore=", Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_TIME_get_isotime($time), "\n";
• X509_get_subjectAltNames
NOTE: Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function.
Returns the list of alternative subject names from X509 certificate $cert.
my @rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_subjectAltNames($cert);
# $cert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: list containing pairs - name_type (integer), name_value (string)
# where name_type can be:
# 0 - GEN_OTHERNAME
# 1 - GEN_EMAIL
# 2 - GEN_DNS
# 3 - GEN_X400
# 4 - GEN_DIRNAME
# 5 - GEN_EDIPARTY
# 6 - GEN_URI
# 7 - GEN_IPADD
# 8 - GEN_RID
Note: type 7 - GEN_IPADD contains the IP address as a packed binary address. GEN_RID
is available in Net-SSLeay-1.90 and later. Maximum length for returned RID string is
currently 2500. Invalid and overly long RID values are skipped and not returned.
GEN_X400 and GEN_EDIPARTY are not supported and will not be returned even when present
in the certificate.
• X509_get_subject_name
Returns the subject of the certificate $cert.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_subject_name($cert);
# $cert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure (0 on failure)
• X509_gmtime_adj
Adjust th ASN1_TIME object to the timestamp (in GMT).
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_gmtime_adj($s, $adj);
# $s - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure
# $adj - timestamp (seconds since 1.1.1970)
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure (0 on failure)
BEWARE: this function may fail for dates after 2038 as it is dependent on time_t size
on your system (32bit time_t does not work after 2038). Consider using
"P_ASN1_TIME_set_isotime" instead).
• X509_load_cert_crl_file
Takes PEM file and loads all X509 certificates and X509 CRLs from that file into
X509_LOOKUP structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_load_cert_crl_file($ctx, $file, $type);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_LOOKUP structure
# $file - (string) file name
# $type - (integer) type - use constants &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM or &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_ASN1
# if not FILETYPE_PEM then behaves as Net::SSLeay::X509_load_cert_file()
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_load_cert_file
Loads/adds X509 certificate from $file to X509_LOOKUP structure
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_load_cert_file($ctx, $file, $type);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_LOOKUP structure
# $file - (string) file name
# $type - (integer) type - use constants &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM or &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_ASN1
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_load_crl_file
Loads/adds X509 CRL from $file to X509_LOOKUP structure
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_load_crl_file($ctx, $file, $type);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_LOOKUP structure
# $file - (string) file name
# $type - (integer) type - use constants &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM or &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_ASN1
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_policy_level_get0_node
??? (more info needed)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_level_get0_node($level, $i);
# $level - value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_LEVEL structure
# $i - (integer) index/position
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_NODE structure (0 on failure)
• X509_policy_level_node_count
??? (more info needed)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_level_node_count($level);
# $level - value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_LEVEL structure
#
# returns: (integer) node count
• X509_policy_node_get0_parent
??? (more info needed)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_node_get0_parent($node);
# $node - value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_NODE structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_NODE structure (0 on failure)
• X509_policy_node_get0_policy
??? (more info needed)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_node_get0_policy($node);
# $node - value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_NODE structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure (0 on failure)
• X509_policy_node_get0_qualifiers
??? (more info needed)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_node_get0_qualifiers($node);
# $node - value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_NODE structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(POLICYQUALINFO) structure (0 on failure)
• X509_policy_tree_free
??? (more info needed)
Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_tree_free($tree);
# $tree - value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_TREE structure
#
# returns: no return value
• X509_policy_tree_get0_level
??? (more info needed)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_tree_get0_level($tree, $i);
# $tree - value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_TREE structure
# $i - (integer) level index
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_LEVEL structure (0 on failure)
• X509_policy_tree_get0_policies
??? (more info needed)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_tree_get0_policies($tree);
# $tree - value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_TREE structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_NODE structure (0 on failure)
• X509_policy_tree_get0_user_policies
??? (more info needed)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_tree_get0_user_policies($tree);
# $tree - value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_TREE structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_NODE structure (0 on failure)
• X509_policy_tree_level_count
??? (more info needed)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_tree_level_count($tree);
# $tree - value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_TREE structure
#
# returns: (integer) count
• X509_verify_cert_error_string
Returns a human readable error string for verification error $n.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_verify_cert_error_string($n);
# $n - (long) numeric error code
#
# returns: error string
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_STORE_CTX_get_error.html>
• P_X509_add_extensions
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Adds one or more X509 extensions to X509 object $x.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_add_extensions($x, $ca_cert, $nid, $value);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# $ca_cert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure (issuer's cert - necessary for sertting NID_authority_key_identifier)
# $nid - NID identifying extension to be set
# $value - extension value
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
You can set more extensions at once:
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_add_extensions($x509, $ca_cert,
&Net::SSLeay::NID_key_usage => 'digitalSignature,keyEncipherment',
&Net::SSLeay::NID_subject_key_identifier => 'hash',
&Net::SSLeay::NID_authority_key_identifier => 'keyid',
&Net::SSLeay::NID_authority_key_identifier => 'issuer',
&Net::SSLeay::NID_basic_constraints => 'CA:FALSE',
&Net::SSLeay::NID_ext_key_usage => 'serverAuth,clientAuth',
&Net::SSLeay::NID_netscape_cert_type => 'server',
&Net::SSLeay::NID_subject_alt_name => 'DNS:s1.dom.com,DNS:s2.dom.com,DNS:s3.dom.com',
);
• P_X509_copy_extensions
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Copies X509 extensions from X509_REQ object to X509 object - handy when you need to
turn X509_REQ into X509 certificate.
Net::SSLeay::P_X509_copy_extensions($x509_req, $x509, $override);
# $x509_req - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure
# $x509 - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# $override - (integer) flag indication whether to override already existing items in $x509 (default 1)
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• P_X509_get_crl_distribution_points
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least
openssl-0.9.7
Get the list of CRL distribution points from X509 certificate.
my @cdp = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_crl_distribution_points($x509);
# $x509 - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: list of distribution points (usually URLs)
• P_X509_get_ext_key_usage
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least
openssl-0.9.7
Gets the list of extended key usage of given X509 certificate $cert.
my @ext_usage = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_ext_key_usage($cert, $format);
# $cert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# $format - choose type of return values: 0=OIDs, 1=NIDs, 2=shortnames, 3=longnames
#
# returns: list of values
Examples:
my @extkeyusage_oid = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_ext_key_usage($x509,0);
# returns for example: ("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1", "1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2")
my @extkeyusage_nid = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_ext_key_usage($x509,1);
# returns for example: (129, 130)
my @extkeyusage_sn = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_ext_key_usage($x509,2);
# returns for example: ("serverAuth", "clientAuth")
my @extkeyusage_ln = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_ext_key_usage($x509,3);
# returns for example: ("TLS Web Server Authentication", "TLS Web Client Authentication")
• P_X509_get_key_usage
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Gets the list of key usage of given X509 certificate $cert.
my @keyusage = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_key_usage($cert);
# $cert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: list of key usage values which can be none, one or more from the following list:
# "digitalSignature"
# "nonRepudiation"
# "keyEncipherment"
# "dataEncipherment"
# "keyAgreement"
# "keyCertSign"
# "cRLSign"
# "encipherOnly"
# "decipherOnly"
• P_X509_get_netscape_cert_type
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Gets the list of Netscape cert types of given X509 certificate $cert.
Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_netscape_cert_type($cert);
# $cert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: list of Netscape type values which can be none, one or more from the following list:
# "client"
# "server"
# "email"
# "objsign"
# "reserved"
# "sslCA"
# "emailCA"
# "objCA"
• P_X509_get_pubkey_alg
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns ASN1_OBJECT corresponding to X509 certificate public key algorithm.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_pubkey_alg($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure (0 on failure)
To get textual representation use:
my $alg = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_obj2txt(Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_pubkey_alg($x509));
# returns for example: "rsaEncryption"
• P_X509_get_signature_alg
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns ASN1_OBJECT corresponding to X509 signarite key algorithm.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_signature_alg($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure (0 on failure)
To get textual representation use:
my $alg = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_obj2txt(Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_signature_alg($x509))
# returns for example: "sha1WithRSAEncryption"
• sk_X509_new_null
Returns a new, empty, STACK_OF(X509) structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::sk_X509_new_null();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509) structure
• sk_X509_push
Pushes an X509 structure onto a STACK_OF(X509) structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::sk_X509_push($sk_x509, $x509);
# $sk_x509 - value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509) structure
# $x509 - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: total number of elements after the operation, 0 on failure
• sk_X509_pop
Pops an single X509 structure from a STACK_OF(X509) structure.
my $x509 = NetSSLeay::sk_X509_pop($sk_x509)
# $sk_x509 - value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509) structure
#
# returns: a pointer to an X509 structure, undef on failure
Check openssl doc <https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/sk_TYPE_pop.html>
• sk_X509_shift
Shifts an single X509 structure onto a STACK_OF(X509) structure.
my $x509 = NetSSLeay::sk_X509_shift($sk_x509, $x509)
# $sk_x509 - value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509) structure
# $x509 - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: a pointer to an X509 structure, undef on failure
Check openssl doc <https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/sk_TYPE_shift.html>
• sk_X509_unshift
Unshifts an single X509 structure from a STACK_OF(X509) structure.
my $rv = NetSSLeay::sk_X509_unshift($sk_x509)
# $sk_x509 - value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509) structure
#
# returns: total number of elements after the operation, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc <https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/sk_TYPE_unshift.html>
• sk_X509_insert
Inserts a single X509 structure into a STACK_OF(X509) at the specified index.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::sk_X509_insert($sk_x509, $x509, index);
# $sk_x509 - value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509) structure
# $x509 - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# index - integer - 0 based index
#
# returns: total number of elements after the operation, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc <https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/sk_TYPE_insert.html>
• sk_X509_delete
Delete a single X509 structure from a STACK_OF(X509) at the specified index.
my $x509 = Net::SSLeay::sk_X509_delete($sk_x509, index);
# $sk_x509 - value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509) structure
# index - integer - 0 based index
#
# returns: a pointer to an X509 structure, undef on failure
Check openssl doc <https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/sk_TYPE_delete.html>
• sk_X509_value
Return a single X509 structure from a STACK_OF(X509) at the specified index.
my $x509 = Net::SSLeay::sk_X509_value($sk_x509, index)
# $sk_x509 - value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509) structure
# index - integer - 0 based index
#
# returns: a pointer to an X509 structure, undef on failure
Check openssl doc <https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/sk_TYPE_value.html>
• sk_X509_num
Return the number of X509 elements in a STACK_OF(X509).
my $num = Net::SSLeay::sk_X509_num($sk_x509);
# $sk_x509 - value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509) structure
#
# returns: the number of elements in the stack, -1 if the passed stack is NULL
Check openssl doc <https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/sk_TYPE_num.html>
Low level API: X509_REQ_* related functions
• X509_REQ_new
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Creates a new X509_REQ structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_new();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure (0 on failure)
• X509_REQ_free
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Free an allocated X509_REQ structure.
Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_free($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure
#
# returns: no return value
• X509_REQ_add1_attr_by_NID
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Adds an attribute whose name is defined by a NID $nid. The field value to be added is
in $bytes.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_add1_attr_by_NID($req, $nid, $type, $bytes);
# $req - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure
# $nid - (integer) NID value
# $type - (integer) type of data in $bytes (see below)
# $bytes - data to be set
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
# values for $type - use constants:
&Net::SSLeay::MBSTRING_UTF8 - $bytes contains utf8 encoded data
&Net::SSLeay::MBSTRING_ASC - $bytes contains ASCII data
• X509_REQ_digest
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Computes digest/fingerprint of X509_REQ $data using $type hash function.
my $digest_value = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_digest($data, $type);
# $data - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure
# $type - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure - e.g. got via EVP_get_digestbyname()
#
# returns: hash value (binary)
#to get printable (hex) value of digest use:
print unpack('H*', $digest_value);
• X509_REQ_get_attr_by_NID
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Retrieve the next index matching $nid after $lastpos ($lastpos should initially be set
to -1).
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_get_attr_by_NID($req, $nid, $lastpos=-1);
# $req - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure
# $nid - (integer) NID value
# $lastpos - [optional] (integer) index where to start search (default -1)
#
# returns: index (-1 if there are no more entries)
Note: use "P_X509_REQ_get_attr" to get the actual attribute value - e.g.
my $index = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_get_attr_by_NID($req, $nid);
my @attr_values = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_REQ_get_attr($req, $index);
• X509_REQ_get_attr_by_OBJ
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Retrieve the next index matching $obj after $lastpos ($lastpos should initially be set
to -1).
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_get_attr_by_OBJ($req, $obj, $lastpos=-1);
# $req - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure
# $obj - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure
# $lastpos - [optional] (integer) index where to start search (default -1)
#
# returns: index (-1 if there are no more entries)
Note: use "P_X509_REQ_get_attr" to get the actual attribute value - e.g.
my $index = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_get_attr_by_NID($req, $nid);
my @attr_values = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_REQ_get_attr($req, $index);
• X509_REQ_get_attr_count
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns the total number of attributes in $req.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_get_attr_count($req);
# $req - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure
#
# returns: (integer) items count
• X509_REQ_get_pubkey
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns public key corresponding to given X509_REQ object $x.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_get_pubkey($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure (0 on failure)
• X509_REQ_get_subject_name
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns X509_NAME object corresponding to subject name of given X509_REQ object $x.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_get_subject_name($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure (0 on failure)
• X509_REQ_get_version
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns 'version' value for given X509_REQ object $x.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_get_version($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure
#
# returns: (integer) version e.g. 0 = "version 1"
• X509_REQ_set_pubkey
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Sets public key of given X509_REQ object $x to $pkey.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_set_pubkey($x, $pkey);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure
# $pkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_REQ_set_subject_name
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Sets subject name of given X509_REQ object $x to X509_NAME object $name.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_set_subject_name($x, $name);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure
# $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_REQ_set_version
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Sets 'version' of given X509_REQ object $x to $version.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_set_version($x, $version);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure
# $version - (integer) e.g. 0 = "version 1"
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_REQ_sign
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Sign X509_REQ object $x with private key $pk (using digest algorithm $md).
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_sign($x, $pk, $md);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure
# $pk - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure (requestor's private key)
# $md - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_REQ_verify
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Verifies X509_REQ object $x using public key $r (pubkey of requesting party).
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_verify($x, $r);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure
# $r - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
#
# returns: 0 - verify failure, 1 - verify OK, <0 - error
• P_X509_REQ_add_extensions
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Adds one or more X509 extensions to X509_REQ object $x.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_REQ_add_extensions($x, $nid, $value);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure
# $nid - NID identifying extension to be set
# $value - extension value
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
You can set more extensions at once:
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_REQ_add_extensions($x509_req,
&Net::SSLeay::NID_key_usage => 'digitalSignature,keyEncipherment',
&Net::SSLeay::NID_basic_constraints => 'CA:FALSE',
&Net::SSLeay::NID_ext_key_usage => 'serverAuth,clientAuth',
&Net::SSLeay::NID_netscape_cert_type => 'server',
&Net::SSLeay::NID_subject_alt_name => 'DNS:s1.com,DNS:s2.com',
&Net::SSLeay::NID_crl_distribution_points => 'URI:http://pki.com/crl1,URI:http://pki.com/crl2',
);
• P_X509_REQ_get_attr
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least
openssl-0.9.7
Returns attribute value for X509_REQ's attribute at index $n.
Net::SSLeay::P_X509_REQ_get_attr($req, $n);
# $req - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure
# $n - (integer) attribute index
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_STRING structure
Low level API: X509_CRL_* related functions
• X509_CRL_new
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Creates a new X509_CRL structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_new();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure (0 on failure)
• X509_CRL_free
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Free an allocated X509_CRL structure.
Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_free($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
#
# returns: no return value
• X509_CRL_digest
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Computes digest/fingerprint of X509_CRL $data using $type hash function.
my $digest_value = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_digest($data, $type);
# $data - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
# $type - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure - e.g. got via EVP_get_digestbyname()
#
# returns: hash value (binary)
Example:
my $x509_crl
my $md = Net::SSLeay::EVP_get_digestbyname("sha1");
my $digest_value = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_digest($x509_crl, $md);
#to get printable (hex) value of digest use:
print "digest=", unpack('H*', $digest_value), "\n";
• X509_CRL_get_ext
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.54 and before
Returns X509_EXTENSION from $x509 based on given position/index.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_get_ext($x509, $index);
# $x509 - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
# $index - (integer) position/index of extension within $x509
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_EXTENSION structure (0 on failure)
• X509_CRL_get_ext_by_NID
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.54 and before
Returns X509_EXTENSION from $x509 based on given NID.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_get_ext_by_NID($x509, $nid, $loc);
# $x509 - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
# $nid - (integer) NID value
# $loc - (integer) position to start lookup at
#
# returns: position/index of extension, negative value on error
# call Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_get_ext($x509, $rv) to get the actual extension
• X509_CRL_get_ext_count
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.54 and before
Returns the total number of extensions in X509_CRL object $x.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_get_ext_count($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
#
# returns: count of extensions
• X509_CRL_get_issuer
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns X509_NAME object corresponding to the issuer of X509_CRL $x.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_get_issuer($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure (0 on failure)
See other "X509_NAME_*" functions to get more info from X509_NAME structure.
• X509_CRL_get_lastUpdate
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns 'lastUpdate' date-time value of X509_CRL object $x.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_get_lastUpdate($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure (0 on failure)
• X509_CRL_get_nextUpdate
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns 'nextUpdate' date-time value of X509_CRL object $x.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_get_nextUpdate($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure (0 on failure)
• X509_CRL_get_version
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns 'version' value of given X509_CRL structure $x.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_get_version($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
#
# returns: (integer) version
• X509_CRL_set_issuer_name
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least
openssl-0.9.7
Sets the issuer of X509_CRL object $x to X509_NAME object $name.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_set_issuer_name($x, $name);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
# $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_CRL_set_lastUpdate
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least
openssl-0.9.7
Sets 'lastUpdate' value of X509_CRL object $x to $tm.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_set_lastUpdate($x, $tm);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
# $tm - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_CRL_set_nextUpdate
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least
openssl-0.9.7
Sets 'nextUpdate' value of X509_CRL object $x to $tm.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_set_nextUpdate($x, $tm);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
# $tm - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_CRL_set_version
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least
openssl-0.9.7
Sets 'version' value of given X509_CRL structure $x to $version.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_set_version($x, $version);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
# $version - (integer) version number (1 = version 2 CRL)
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Note that if you want to use any X509_CRL extension you need to set "version 2 CRL" -
"Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_set_version($x, 1)".
• X509_CRL_sign
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Sign X509_CRL object $x with private key $pkey (using digest algorithm $md).
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_sign($x, $pkey, $md);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
# $pkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
# $md - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_CRL_sort
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least
openssl-0.9.7
Sorts the data of X509_CRL object so it will be written in serial number order.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_sort($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_CRL_verify
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Verifies X509_CRL object $a using public key $r (pubkey of issuing CA).
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_verify($a, $r);
# $a - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
# $r - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
#
# returns: 0 - verify failure, 1 - verify OK, <0 - error
• P_X509_CRL_add_revoked_serial_hex
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least
openssl-0.9.7
Adds given serial number $serial_hex to X509_CRL object $crl.
Net::SSLeay::P_X509_CRL_add_revoked_serial_hex($crl, $serial_hex, $rev_time, $reason_code, $comp_time);
# $crl - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
# $serial_hex - string (hexadecimal) representation of serial number
# $rev_time - (revocation time) value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure
# $reason_code - [optional] (integer) reason code (see below) - default 0
# $comp_time - [optional] (compromise time) value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure
#
# returns: no return value
reason codes:
0 - unspecified
1 - keyCompromise
2 - CACompromise
3 - affiliationChanged
4 - superseded
5 - cessationOfOperation
6 - certificateHold
7 - removeFromCRL
• P_X509_CRL_get_serial
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least
openssl-0.9.7
Returns serial number of X509_CRL object.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_CRL_get_serial($crl);
# $crl - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_INTEGER structure (0 on failure)
• P_X509_CRL_set_serial
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least
openssl-0.9.7
Sets serial number of X509_CRL object to $crl_number.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_CRL_set_serial($crl, $crl_number);
# $crl - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
# $crl_number - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_INTEGER structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• P_X509_CRL_add_extensions
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.88 and before
Adds one or more X509 extensions to X509 CRL object $x.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_CRL_add_extensions($x, $ca_cert, $nid, $value);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 CRL structure
# $ca_cert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure (issuer's cert - necessary for sertting NID_authority_key_identifier)
# $nid - NID identifying extension to be set
# $value - extension value
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
For more details see "P_X509_add_extensions".
Low level API: X509_EXTENSION_* related functions
• X509_EXTENSION_get_critical
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns 'critical' flag of given X509_EXTENSION object $ex.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_EXTENSION_get_critical($ex);
# $ex - value corresponding to openssl's X509_EXTENSION structure
#
# returns: (integer) 1 - critical, 0 - noncritical
• X509_EXTENSION_get_data
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns value (raw data) of X509_EXTENSION object $ne.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_EXTENSION_get_data($ne);
# $ne - value corresponding to openssl's X509_EXTENSION structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OCTET_STRING structure (0 on failure)
Note: you can use "P_ASN1_STRING_get" to convert ASN1_OCTET_STRING into perl scalar
variable.
• X509_EXTENSION_get_object
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns OID (ASN1_OBJECT) of X509_EXTENSION object $ne.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_EXTENSION_get_object($ex);
# $ex - value corresponding to openssl's X509_EXTENSION structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure (0 on failure)
• X509V3_EXT_print
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns string representation of given X509_EXTENSION object $ext.
Net::SSLeay::X509V3_EXT_print($ext, $flags, $utf8_decode);
# $ext - value corresponding to openssl's X509_EXTENSION structure
# $flags - [optional] (integer) Currently the flag argument is unused and should be set to 0
# $utf8_decode - [optional] 0 or 1 whether the returned value should be utf8 decoded (default=0)
#
# returns: no return value
• X509V3_EXT_d2i
Parses an extension and returns its internal structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509V3_EXT_d2i($ext);
# $ext - value corresponding to openssl's X509_EXTENSION structure
#
# returns: pointer ???
Low level API: X509_NAME_* related functions
• X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_data
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Retrieves the field value of $ne in and ASN1_STRING structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_data($ne);
# $ne - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME_ENTRY structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_STRING structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_object.html>
• X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_object
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Retrieves the field name of $ne in and ASN1_OBJECT structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_object($ne);
# $ne - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME_ENTRY structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_object.html>
• X509_NAME_new
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.55 and before; requires at least
openssl-0.9.5
Creates a new X509_NAME structure. Adds a field whose name is defined by a string
$field. The field value to be added is in $bytes.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_new();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure (0 on failure)
• X509_NAME_hash
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.55 and before; requires at least
openssl-0.9.5
Sort of a checksum of issuer name $name. The result is not a full hash (e.g. sha-1),
it is kind-of-a-hash truncated to the size of 'unsigned long' (32 bits). The
resulting value might differ across different openssl versions for the same X509
certificate.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_hash($name);
# $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure
#
# returns: number representing checksum
• X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least
openssl-0.9.5
Adds a field whose name is defined by a string $field. The field value to be added is
in $bytes.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt($name, $field, $type, $bytes, $len, $loc, $set);
# $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure
# $field - (string) field definition (name) - e.g. "organizationName"
# $type - (integer) type of data in $bytes (see below)
# $bytes - data to be set
# $loc - [optional] (integer) index where the new entry is inserted: if it is -1 (default) it is appended
# $set - [optional] (integer) determines how the new type is added. If it is 0 (default) a new RDN is created
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
# values for $type - use constants:
&Net::SSLeay::MBSTRING_UTF8 - $bytes contains utf8 encoded data
&Net::SSLeay::MBSTRING_ASC - $bytes contains ASCII data
Unicode note: when passing non-ascii (unicode) string in $bytes do not forget to set
"$flags = &Net::SSLeay::MBSTRING_UTF8" and encode the perl $string via "$bytes =
encode('utf-8', $string)".
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt.html>
• X509_NAME_add_entry_by_NID
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least
openssl-0.9.5
Adds a field whose name is defined by a NID $nid. The field value to be added is in
$bytes.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_add_entry_by_NID($name, $nid, $type, $bytes, $len, $loc, $set);
# $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure
# $nid - (integer) field definition - NID value
# $type - (integer) type of data in $bytes (see below)
# $bytes - data to be set
# $loc - [optional] (integer) index where the new entry is inserted: if it is -1 (default) it is appended
# $set - [optional] (integer) determines how the new type is added. If it is 0 (default) a new RDN is created
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt.html>
• X509_NAME_add_entry_by_OBJ
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least
openssl-0.9.5
Adds a field whose name is defined by a object (OID) $obj . The field value to be
added is in $bytes.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_add_entry_by_OBJ($name, $obj, $type, $bytes, $len, $loc, $set);
# $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure
# $obj - field definition - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure
# $type - (integer) type of data in $bytes (see below)
# $bytes - data to be set
# $loc - [optional] (integer) index where the new entry is inserted: if it is -1 (default) it is appended
# $set - [optional] (integer) determines how the new type is added. If it is 0 (default) a new RDN is created
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt.html>
• X509_NAME_cmp
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Compares two X509_NAME obejcts.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_cmp($a, $b);
# $a - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure
# $b - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure
#
# returns: 0 if $a matches $b; non zero otherwise
• X509_NAME_digest
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Computes digest/fingerprint of X509_NAME $data using $type hash function.
my $digest_value = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_digest($data, $type);
# $data - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure
# $type - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure - e.g. got via EVP_get_digestbyname()
#
# returns: hash value (binary)
#to get printable (hex) value of digest use:
print unpack('H*', $digest_value);
• X509_NAME_entry_count
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns the total number of entries in $name.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_entry_count($name);
# $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure
#
# returns: (integer) entries count
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_get_index_by_NID.html>
• X509_NAME_get_entry
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Retrieves the X509_NAME_ENTRY from $name corresponding to index $loc. Acceptable
values for $loc run from 0 to "Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_entry_count($name)- 1". The
value returned is an internal pointer which must not be freed.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_get_entry($name, $loc);
# $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure
# $loc - (integer) index of wanted entry
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME_ENTRY structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_get_index_by_NID.html>
• X509_NAME_print_ex
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns a string with human readable version of $name.
Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_print_ex($name, $flags, $utf8_decode);
# $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure
# $flags - [optional] conversion flags (default XN_FLAG_RFC2253) - see below
# $utf8_decode - [optional] 0 or 1 whether the returned value should be utf8 decoded (default=0)
#
# returns: string representation of $name
#available conversion flags - use constants:
&Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_COMPAT
&Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_DN_REV
&Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_DUMP_UNKNOWN_FIELDS
&Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_FN_ALIGN
&Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_FN_LN
&Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_FN_MASK
&Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_FN_NONE
&Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_FN_OID
&Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_FN_SN
&Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_MULTILINE
&Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_ONELINE
&Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_RFC2253
&Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_SEP_COMMA_PLUS
&Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_SEP_CPLUS_SPC
&Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_SEP_MASK
&Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_SEP_MULTILINE
&Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_SEP_SPLUS_SPC
&Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_SPC_EQ
Most likely you will be fine with default:
Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_print_ex($name, &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_RFC2253);
Or you might want RFC2253-like output without utf8 chars escaping:
use Net::SSLeay qw/XN_FLAG_RFC2253 ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_MSB/;
my $flag_rfc22536_utf8 = (XN_FLAG_RFC2253) & (~ ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_MSB);
my $result = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_print_ex($name, $flag_rfc22536_utf8, 1);
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_print_ex.html>
• X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID
Retrieves the text from the first entry in name which matches $nid, if no such entry
exists -1 is returned.
openssl note: this is a legacy function which has various limitations which makes it
of minimal use in practice. It can only find the first matching entry and will copy
the contents of the field verbatim: this can be highly confusing if the target is a
multicharacter string type like a BMPString or a UTF8String.
Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID($name, $nid);
# $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure
# $nid - NID value (integer)
#
# returns: text value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_get_index_by_NID.html>
• X509_NAME_oneline
Return an ASCII version of $name.
Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_oneline($name);
# $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure
#
# returns: (string) ASCII version of $name
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_print_ex.html>
• sk_X509_NAME_free
Free an allocated STACK_OF(X509_NAME) structure.
Net::SSLeay::sk_X509_NAME_free($sk);
# $sk - value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509_NAME) structure
#
# returns: no return value
• sk_X509_NAME_num
Return number of items in STACK_OF(X509_NAME)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::sk_X509_NAME_num($sk);
# $sk - value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509_NAME) structure
#
# returns: number of items
• sk_X509_NAME_value
Returns X509_NAME from position $index in STACK_OF(X509_NAME)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::sk_X509_NAME_value($sk, $i);
# $sk - value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509_NAME) structure
# $i - (integer) index/position
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure (0 on failure)
• add_file_cert_subjects_to_stack
Add a file of certs to a stack. All certs in $file that are not already in the
$stackCAs will be added.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::add_file_cert_subjects_to_stack($stackCAs, $file);
# $stackCAs - value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509_NAME) structure
# $file - (string) filename
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• add_dir_cert_subjects_to_stack
Add a directory of certs to a stack. All certs in $dir that are not already in the
$stackCAs will be added.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::add_dir_cert_subjects_to_stack($stackCAs, $dir);
# $stackCAs - value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509_NAME) structure
# $dir - (string) the directory to append from. All files in this directory will be examined as potential certs. Any that are acceptable to SSL_add_dir_cert_subjects_to_stack() that are not already in the stack will be included.
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Low level API: X509_STORE_* related functions
• X509_STORE_CTX_new
returns a newly initialised X509_STORE_CTX structure.
• X509_STORE_CTX_init
X509_STORE_CTX_init() sets up an X509_STORE_CTX for a subsequent verification
operation. It must be called before each call to X509_verify_cert().
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_CTX_init($x509_store_ctx, $x509_store, $x509, $chain);
# $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE_CTX structure (required)
# $x509_store - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE structure (optional)
# $x509 - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure (optional)
# $chain - value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509) structure (optional)
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
#
# Note: returns nothing with Net::SSLeay 1.90 and earlier.
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/X509_STORE_CTX_init.html>
• X509_STORE_CTX_free
Frees an X509_STORE_CTX structure.
Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_CTX_free($x509_store_ctx);
# $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE_CTX structure
• X509_verify_cert
The X509_verify_cert() function attempts to discover and validate a certificate chain
based on parameters in ctx. A complete description of the process is contained in the
verify(1) manual page.
If this function returns 0, use X509_STORE_CTX_get_error to get additional error
information.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_verify_cert($x509_store_ctx);
# $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE_CTX structure
#
# returns: 1 if a complete chain can be built and validated, otherwise 0
Check openssl doc <https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/X509_verify_cert.html>
• X509_STORE_CTX_get_current_cert
Returns the certificate in ctx which caused the error or 0 if no certificate is
relevant.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_CTX_get_current_cert($x509_store_ctx);
# $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE_CTX structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_STORE_CTX_get_error.html>
• X509_STORE_CTX_get0_cert
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.88 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.1.0pre6 or LibreSSL 2.7.0
Returns an internal pointer to the certificate being verified by the ctx.
my $x509 = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_CTX_get0_cert($x509_store_ctx);
# $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE_CTX structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/X509_STORE_CTX_get0_cert.html>
• X509_STORE_CTX_get1_chain
Returns a returns a complete validate chain if a previous call to X509_verify_cert()
is successful.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_CTX_get1_chain($x509_store_ctx);
# $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE_CTX structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509) structure
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/X509_STORE_CTX_get1_chain.html>
• X509_STORE_CTX_get_error
Returns the error code of $ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_CTX_get_error($x509_store_ctx);
# $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE_CTX structure
#
# returns: (integer) error code
For more info about erro code values check function "get_verify_result".
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_STORE_CTX_get_error.html>
• X509_STORE_CTX_get_error_depth
Returns the depth of the error. This is a non-negative integer representing where in
the certificate chain the error occurred. If it is zero it occurred in the end entity
certificate, one if it is the certificate which signed the end entity certificate and
so on.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_CTX_get_error_depth($x509_store_ctx);
# $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE_CTX structure
#
# returns: (integer) depth
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_STORE_CTX_get_error.html>
• X509_STORE_CTX_get_ex_data
Is used to retrieve the information for $idx from $x509_store_ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_CTX_get_ex_data($x509_store_ctx, $idx);
# $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE_CTX structure
# $idx - (integer) index for application specific data
#
# returns: pointer to ???
• X509_STORE_CTX_set_ex_data
Is used to store application data at arg for idx into $x509_store_ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_CTX_set_ex_data($x509_store_ctx, $idx, $data);
# $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE_CTX structure
# $idx - (integer) ???
# $data - (pointer) ???
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_STORE_CTX_set_cert
Sets the certificate to be verified in $x509_store_ctx to $x.
Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_CTX_set_cert($x509_store_ctx, $x);
# $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE_CTX structure
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_STORE_CTX_new.html>
• X509_STORE_new
Returns a newly initialized X509_STORE structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_new();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE structure (0 on failure)
• X509_STORE_free
Frees an X509_STORE structure
Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_free($x509_store);
# $x509_store - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE structure
• X509_STORE_add_lookup
Adds a lookup to an X509_STORE for a given lookup method.
my $method = &Net::SSLeay::X509_LOOKUP_hash_dir;
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_add_lookup($x509_store, $method);
# $method - value corresponding to openssl's X509_LOOKUP_METHOD structure
# $x509_store - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_LOOKUP structure
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/X509_STORE_add_lookup.html>
• X509_STORE_CTX_set_error
Sets the error code of $ctx to $s. For example it might be used in a verification
callback to set an error based on additional checks.
Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_CTX_set_error($x509_store_ctx, $s);
# $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE_CTX structure
# $s - (integer) error id
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_STORE_CTX_get_error.html>
• X509_STORE_add_cert
Adds X509 certificate $x into the X509_STORE $store.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_add_cert($store, $x);
# $store - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE structure
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_STORE_add_crl
Adds X509 CRL $x into the X509_STORE $store.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_add_crl($store, $x);
# $store - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE structure
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_STORE_set1_param
??? (more info needed)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_set1_param($store, $pm);
# $store - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE structure
# $pm - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_LOOKUP_hash_dir
Returns an X509_LOOKUP structure that instructs an X509_STORE to load files from a
directory containing certificates with filenames in the format hash.N or crls with
filenames in the format hash.rN
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_LOOKUP_hash_dir();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_LOOKUP_METHOD structure, with the hashed directory method
Check openssl doc <https://www.openssl.org/docs/man1.1.1/man3/X509_load_crl_file.html>
• X509_LOOKUP_add_dir
Add a directory to an X509_LOOKUP structure, usually obtained from
X509_STORE_add_lookup.
my $method = &Net::SSLeay::X509_LOOKUP_hash_dir;
my $lookup = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_add_lookup($x509_store, $method);
my $type = &Net::SSLeay::X509_FILETYPE_PEM;
Net::SSLeay::X509_LOOKUP_add_dir($lookup, $dir, $type);
# $lookup - value corresponding to openssl's X509_LOOKUP structure
# $dir - string path to a directory
# $type - constant corresponding to the type of file in the directory - can be X509_FILETYPE_PEM, X509_FILETYPE_DEFAULT, or X509_FILETYPE_ASN1
• X509_STORE_set_flags
Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_set_flags($ctx, $flags);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE structure
# $flags - (unsigned long) flags to be set (bitmask)
#
# returns: no return value
#to create $flags value use corresponding constants like
$flags = Net::SSLeay::X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK();
For more details about $flags bitmask see "X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags".
• X509_STORE_set_purpose
Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_set_purpose($ctx, $purpose);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE structure
# $purpose - (integer) purpose identifier
#
# returns: no return value
For more details about $purpose identifier check "CTX_set_purpose".
• X509_STORE_set_trust
Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_set_trust($ctx, $trust);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE structure
# $trust - (integer) trust identifier
#
# returns: no return value
For more details about $trust identifier check "CTX_set_trust".
Low Level API: X509_INFO related functions
• sk_X509_INFO_num
Returns the number of values in a STACK_OF(X509_INFO) structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::sk_X509_INFO_num($sk_x509_info);
# $sk_x509_info - value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509_INFO) structure
#
# returns: number of values in $sk_X509_info
• sk_X509_INFO_value
Returns the value of a STACK_OF(X509_INFO) structure at a given index.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::sk_X509_INFO_value($sk_x509_info, $index);
# $sk_x509_info - value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509_INFO) structure
# $index - index into the stack
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_INFO structure at the given index
• P_X509_INFO_get_x509
Returns the X509 structure stored in an X509_INFO structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_INFO_get_x509($x509_info);
# $x509_info - value corresponding to openssl's X509_INFO structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
Low level API: X509_VERIFY_PARAM_* related functions
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_add0_policy
Enables policy checking (it is disabled by default) and adds $policy to the acceptable
policy set.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_add0_policy($param, $policy);
# $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
# $policy - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc
<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html>
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_add0_table
??? (more info needed)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_add0_table($param);
# $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_add1_host
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.0.2-beta2 or LibreSSL 2.7.0
Adds an additional reference identifier that can match the peer's certificate.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_add1_host($param, $name);
# $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
# $name - (string) name to be set
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
See also OpenSSL docs, "X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_host" and
"X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_hostflags" for more information, including wildcard matching.
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html>
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_clear_flags
Clears the flags $flags in param.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_clear_flags($param, $flags);
# $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
# $flags - (unsigned long) flags to be set (bitmask)
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
For more details about $flags bitmask see "X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags".
Check openssl doc
<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html>
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_free
Frees up the X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure.
Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_free($param);
# $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
#
# returns: no return value
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_get0_peername
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.0.2-beta2 or LibreSSL 2.7.0
Returns the DNS hostname or subject CommonName from the peer certificate that matched
one of the reference identifiers.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_get0_peername($param);
# $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
#
# returns: (string) name e.g. '*.example.com' or undef
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html>
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_get_depth
Returns the current verification depth.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_get_depth($param);
# $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
#
# returns: (ineger) depth
Check openssl doc
<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html>
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_get_flags
Returns the current verification flags.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_get_flags($param);
# $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
#
# returns: (unsigned long) flags to be set (bitmask)
For more details about returned flags bitmask see "X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags".
Check openssl doc
<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html>
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags($param, $flags);
# $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
# $flags - (unsigned long) flags to be set (bitmask)
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
#to create $flags value use corresponding constants like
$flags = Net::SSLeay::X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK();
For more details about $flags bitmask, see the OpenSSL docs below.
Check openssl doc
<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html>
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_inherit
??? (more info needed)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_inherit($to, $from);
# $to - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
# $from - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_lookup
Finds X509_VERIFY_PARAM by name.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_lookup($name);
# $name - (string) name we want to find
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure (0 on failure)
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_new
Creates a new X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_new();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure (0 on failure)
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1
Sets the name of X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure $to to the same value as the name of
X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure $from.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1($to, $from);
# $to - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
# $from - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_email
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.0.2-beta1 or LibreSSL 2.7.0
Sets the expected RFC822 email address to email.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_email($param, $email);
# $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
# $email - (string) email to be set
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html>
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_host
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.0.2-beta1 or LibreSSL 2.7.0
Sets the expected DNS hostname to name clearing any previously specified host name or
names.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_host($param, $name);
# $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
# $name - (string) name to be set
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
See also OpenSSL docs, "X509_VERIFY_PARAM_add1_host" and
"X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_hostflags" for more information, including wildcard matching.
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html>
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_ip
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.0.2-beta1 or LibreSSL 2.7.0
Sets the expected IP address to ip.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_ip($param, $ip);
# $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
# $ip - (binary) 4 octet IPv4 or 16 octet IPv6 address
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html>
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_ip_asc
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.0.2-beta1 or LibreSSL 2.7.0
Sets the expected IP address to ipasc.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_asc($param, $ipasc);
# $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
# $ip - (string) IPv4 or IPv6 address
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html>
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_name
Sets the name of X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure $param to $name.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_name($param, $name);
# $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
# $name - (string) name to be set
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_policies
Enables policy checking (it is disabled by default) and sets the acceptable policy set
to policies. Any existing policy set is cleared. The policies parameter can be 0 to
clear an existing policy set.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_policies($param, $policies);
# $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
# $policies - value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(ASN1_OBJECT) structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc
<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html>
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_depth
Sets the maximum verification depth to depth. That is the maximum number of untrusted
CA certificates that can appear in a chain.
Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_depth($param, $depth);
# $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
# $depth - (integer) depth to be set
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc
<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html>
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_hostflags
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before; requires at least OpenSSL
1.0.2-beta2 or LibreSSL 2.7.0
Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_hostflags($param, $flags);
# $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
# $flags - (unsigned int) flags to be set (bitmask)
#
# returns: no return value
See also OpenSSL docs, "X509_VERIFY_PARAM_add1_host" and
"X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_host" for more information. The flags for controlling
wildcard checks and other features are defined in OpenSSL docs.
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html>
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_purpose
Sets the verification purpose in $param to $purpose. This determines the acceptable
purpose of the certificate chain, for example SSL client or SSL server.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_purpose($param, $purpose);
# $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
# $purpose - (integer) purpose identifier
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
For more details about $purpose identifier check "CTX_set_purpose".
Check openssl doc
<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html>
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_time
Sets the verification time in $param to $t. Normally the current time is used.
Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_time($param, $t);
# $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
# $t - (time_t) time in seconds since 1.1.1970
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc
<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html>
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_trust
Sets the trust setting in $param to $trust.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_trust($param, $trust);
# $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
# $trust - (integer) trust identifier
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
For more details about $trust identifier check "CTX_set_trust".
Check openssl doc
<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html>
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_table_cleanup
??? (more info needed)
Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_table_cleanup();
#
# returns: no return value
Low level API: Cipher (EVP_CIPHER_*) related functions
• EVP_get_cipherbyname
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns an EVP_CIPHER structure when passed a cipher name.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_get_cipherbyname($name);
# $name - (string) cipher name e.g. 'aes-128-cbc', 'camellia-256-ecb', 'des-ede', ...
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's EVP_CIPHER structure
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/EVP_EncryptInit.html>
Low level API: Digest (EVP_MD_*) related functions
• OpenSSL_add_all_digests
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before
Net::SSLeay::OpenSSL_add_all_digests();
# no args, no return value
http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms.html
• P_EVP_MD_list_all
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least
openssl-1.0.0
NOTE: Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_EVP_MD_list_all();
#
# returns: arrayref - list of available digest names
The returned digest names correspond to values expected by "EVP_get_digestbyname".
Note that some of the digests are available by default and some only after calling
"OpenSSL_add_all_digests".
• EVP_get_digestbyname
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_get_digestbyname($name);
# $name - string with digest name
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure
The $name param can be:
md2
md4
md5
mdc2
ripemd160
sha
sha1
sha224
sha256
sha512
whirlpool
Or better check the supported digests by calling "P_EVP_MD_list_all".
• EVP_MD_type
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_MD_type($md);
# $md - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure
#
# returns: the NID (integer) of the OBJECT IDENTIFIER representing the given message digest
• EVP_MD_size
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_MD_size($md);
# $md - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure
#
# returns: the size of the message digest in bytes (e.g. 20 for SHA1)
• EVP_MD_CTX_md
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least
openssl-0.9.7
Net::SSLeay::EVP_MD_CTX_md($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD_CTX structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure
• EVP_MD_CTX_create
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least
openssl-0.9.7
Allocates, initializes and returns a digest context.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_MD_CTX_create();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD_CTX structure
The complete idea behind EVP_MD_CTX looks like this example:
Net::SSLeay::OpenSSL_add_all_digests();
my $md = Net::SSLeay::EVP_get_digestbyname("sha1");
my $ctx = Net::SSLeay::EVP_MD_CTX_create();
Net::SSLeay::EVP_DigestInit($ctx, $md);
while(my $chunk = get_piece_of_data()) {
Net::SSLeay::EVP_DigestUpdate($ctx,$chunk);
}
my $result = Net::SSLeay::EVP_DigestFinal($ctx);
Net::SSLeay::EVP_MD_CTX_destroy($ctx);
print "digest=", unpack('H*', $result), "\n"; #print hex value
• EVP_DigestInit_ex
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least
openssl-0.9.7
Sets up digest context $ctx to use a digest $type from ENGINE $impl, $ctx must be
initialized before calling this function, type will typically be supplied by a
function such as "EVP_get_digestbyname". If $impl is 0 then the default implementation
of digest $type is used.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_DigestInit_ex($ctx, $type, $impl);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD_CTX structure
# $type - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure
# $impl - value corresponding to openssl's ENGINE structure
#
# returns: 1 for success and 0 for failure
• EVP_DigestInit
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least
openssl-0.9.7
Behaves in the same way as "EVP_DigestInit_ex" except the passed context $ctx does not
have to be initialized, and it always uses the default digest implementation.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_DigestInit($ctx, $type);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD_CTX structure
# $type - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure
#
# returns: 1 for success and 0 for failure
• EVP_MD_CTX_destroy
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least
openssl-0.9.7
Cleans up digest context $ctx and frees up the space allocated to it, it should be
called only on a context created using "EVP_MD_CTX_create".
Net::SSLeay::EVP_MD_CTX_destroy($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD_CTX structure
#
# returns: no return value
• EVP_DigestUpdate
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least
openssl-0.9.7
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_DigestUpdate($ctx, $data);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD_CTX structure
# $data - data to be hashed
#
# returns: 1 for success and 0 for failure
• EVP_DigestFinal_ex
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least
openssl-0.9.7
Retrieves the digest value from $ctx. After calling "EVP_DigestFinal_ex" no additional
calls to "EVP_DigestUpdate" can be made, but "EVP_DigestInit_ex" can be called to
initialize a new digest operation.
my $digest_value = Net::SSLeay::EVP_DigestFinal_ex($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD_CTX structure
#
# returns: hash value (binary)
#to get printable (hex) value of digest use:
print unpack('H*', $digest_value);
• EVP_DigestFinal
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least
openssl-0.9.7
Similar to "EVP_DigestFinal_ex" except the digest context ctx is automatically cleaned
up.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_DigestFinal($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD_CTX structure
#
# returns: hash value (binary)
#to get printable (hex) value of digest use:
print unpack('H*', $digest_value);
• MD2
COMPATIBILITY: no supported by default in openssl-1.0.0
Computes MD2 from given $data (all data needs to be loaded into memory)
my $digest = Net::SSLeay::MD2($data);
print "digest(hexadecimal)=", unpack('H*', $digest);
• MD4
Computes MD4 from given $data (all data needs to be loaded into memory)
my $digest = Net::SSLeay::MD4($data);
print "digest(hexadecimal)=", unpack('H*', $digest);
• MD5
Computes MD5 from given $data (all data needs to be loaded into memory)
my $digest = Net::SSLeay::MD5($data);
print "digest(hexadecimal)=", unpack('H*', $digest);
• RIPEMD160
Computes RIPEMD160 from given $data (all data needs to be loaded into memory)
my $digest = Net::SSLeay::RIPEMD160($data);
print "digest(hexadecimal)=", unpack('H*', $digest);
• SHA1
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before
Computes SHA1 from given $data (all data needs to be loaded into memory)
my $digest = Net::SSLeay::SHA1($data);
print "digest(hexadecimal)=", unpack('H*', $digest);
• SHA256
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least
openssl-0.9.8
Computes SHA256 from given $data (all data needs to be loaded into memory)
my $digest = Net::SSLeay::SHA256($data);
print "digest(hexadecimal)=", unpack('H*', $digest);
• SHA512
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least
openssl-0.9.8
Computes SHA512 from given $data (all data needs to be loaded into memory)
my $digest = Net::SSLeay::SHA512($data);
print "digest(hexadecimal)=", unpack('H*', $digest);
• EVP_Digest
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least
openssl-0.9.7
Computes "any" digest from given $data (all data needs to be loaded into memory)
my $md = Net::SSLeay::EVP_get_digestbyname("sha1"); #or any other algorithm
my $digest = Net::SSLeay::EVP_Digest($data, $md);
print "digest(hexadecimal)=", unpack('H*', $digest);
• EVP_sha1
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before
my $md = Net::SSLeay::EVP_sha1();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure
• EVP_sha256
COMPATIBILITY: requires at least openssl-0.9.8
my $md = Net::SSLeay::EVP_sha256();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure
• EVP_sha512
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least
openssl-0.9.8
my $md = Net::SSLeay::EVP_sha512();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure
• EVP_add_digest
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_add_digest($digest);
# $digest - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 otherwise
Low level API: CIPHER_* related functions
• CIPHER_get_name
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before
Returns name of the cipher used.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CIPHER_get_name($cipher);
# $cipher - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CIPHER structure
#
# returns: (string) cipher name e.g. 'DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA', '(NONE)' if $cipher is undefined.
Check openssl doc <https://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CIPHER_get_name.html>
Example:
my $ssl_cipher = Net::SSLeay::get_current_cipher($ssl);
my $cipher_name = Net::SSLeay::CIPHER_get_name($ssl_cipher);
• CIPHER_description
COMPATIBILITY: doesn't work correctly in Net-SSLeay-1.88 and before
Returns a textual description of the cipher used.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CIPHER_description($cipher);
# $cipher - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CIPHER structure
#
# returns: (string) cipher description e.g. 'DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH Au=RSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1'
Check openssl doc <https://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CIPHER_description.html>
• CIPHER_get_bits
COMPATIBILITY: $alg_bits doesn't work correctly in Net-SSLeay-1.88 and before
Returns the number of secret bits used for cipher.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CIPHER_get_bits($cipher, $alg_bits);
# $cipher - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CIPHER structure
# $alg_bits - [optional] empty scalar for storing additional return value
#
# returns: (integer) number of secret bits, 0 on error
# (integer) in $alg_bits for bits processed by the chosen algorithm
Check openssl doc <https://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CIPHER_get_bits.html>
Example:
# bits and alg_bits are not equal for e.g., TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA,
# RFC 8422 name TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA
my $alg_bits;
my $bits = Net::SSLeay::CIPHER_get_bits($cipher, $alg_bits);
#my $bits = Net::SSLeay::CIPHER_get_bits($cipher);
print "bits: $bits, alg_bits: $alg_bits\n";
• CIPHER_get_version
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.88 and before
Returns version of SSL/TLS protocol that first defined the cipher
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CIPHER_get_version($cipher);
# $cipher - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CIPHER structure
#
# returns: (string) cipher name e.g. 'TLSv1/SSLv3' with some libraries, 'TLSv1.0' or 'TLSv1.3', '(NONE)' if $cipher is undefined.
Check openssl doc <https://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CIPHER_get_version.html>
Low level API: RSA_* related functions
• RSA_generate_key
Generates a key pair and returns it in a newly allocated RSA structure. The pseudo-
random number generator must be seeded prior to calling RSA_generate_key.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::RSA_generate_key($bits, $e, $perl_cb, $perl_cb_arg);
# $bits - (integer) modulus size in bits e.g. 512, 1024, 2048
# $e - (integer) public exponent, an odd number, typically 3, 17 or 65537
# $perl_cb - [optional] reference to perl callback function
# $perl_cb_arg - [optional] data that will be passed to callback function when invoked
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's RSA structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RSA_generate_key.html>
• RSA_free
Frees the RSA structure and its components. The key is erased before the memory is
returned to the system.
Net::SSLeay::RSA_free($r);
# $r - value corresponding to openssl's RSA structure
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RSA_new.html>
• RSA_get_key_parameters
Returns a list of pointers to BIGNUMs representing the parameters of the key in this
order: (n, e, d, p, q, dmp1, dmq1, iqmp)
Caution: returned list consists of SV pointers to BIGNUMs, which would need to be
blessed as Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum for further use
my (@params) = RSA_get_key_parameters($r);
Low level API: BIO_* related functions
• BIO_eof
Returns 1 if the BIO has read EOF, the precise meaning of 'EOF' varies according to
the BIO type.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_eof($s);
# $s - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
#
# returns: 1 if EOF has been reached 0 otherwise
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_ctrl.html>
• BIO_f_ssl
Returns the SSL BIO method. This is a filter BIO which is a wrapper round the OpenSSL
SSL routines adding a BIO 'flavour' to SSL I/O.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_f_ssl();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's BIO_METHOD structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_f_ssl.html>
• BIO_free
Frees up a single BIO.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_free($bio;);
# $bio; - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_new.html>
• BIO_new
Returns a new BIO using method $type
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new($type);
# $type - value corresponding to openssl's BIO_METHOD structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_new.html>
• BIO_new_buffer_ssl_connect
Creates a new BIO chain consisting of a buffering BIO, an SSL BIO (using ctx) and a
connect BIO.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_buffer_ssl_connect($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_f_ssl.html>
• BIO_new_file
Creates a new file BIO with mode $mode the meaning of mode is the same as the stdio
function fopen(). The BIO_CLOSE flag is set on the returned BIO.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($filename, $mode);
# $filename - (string) filename
# $mode - (string) opening mode (as mode by stdio function fopen)
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_s_file.html>
• BIO_new_ssl
Allocates an SSL BIO using SSL_CTX ctx and using client mode if client is non zero.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_ssl($ctx, $client);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $client - (integer) 0 or 1 - indicates ssl client mode
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_f_ssl.html>
• BIO_new_ssl_connect
Creates a new BIO chain consisting of an SSL BIO (using ctx) followed by a connect
BIO.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_ssl_connect($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_f_ssl.html>
• BIO_pending
Return the number of pending characters in the BIOs read buffers.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_pending($s);
# $s - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
#
# returns: the amount of pending data
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_ctrl.html>
• BIO_wpending
Return the number of pending characters in the BIOs write buffers.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_wpending($s);
# $s - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
#
# returns: the amount of pending data
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_ctrl.html>
• BIO_read
Read the underlying descriptor.
Net::SSLeay::BIO_read($s, $max);
# $s - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
# $max - [optional] max. bytes to read (if not specified, the value 32768 is used)
#
# returns: data
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_read.html>
• BIO_write
Attempts to write data from $buffer to BIO $b.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_write($b, $buffer);
# $b - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
# $buffer - data
#
# returns: amount of data successfully written
# or that no data was successfully read or written if the result is 0 or -1
# or -2 when the operation is not implemented in the specific BIO type
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_read.html>
• BIO_s_mem
Return the memory BIO method function.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's BIO_METHOD structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_s_mem.html>
• BIO_ssl_copy_session_id
Copies an SSL session id between BIO chains from and to. It does this by locating the
SSL BIOs in each chain and calling SSL_copy_session_id() on the internal SSL pointer.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_ssl_copy_session_id($to, $from);
# $to - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
# $from - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_f_ssl.html>
• BIO_ssl_shutdown
Closes down an SSL connection on BIO chain bio. It does this by locating the SSL BIO
in the chain and calling SSL_shutdown() on its internal SSL pointer.
Net::SSLeay::BIO_ssl_shutdown($ssl_bio);
# $ssl_bio - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_f_ssl.html>
Low level API: Server side Server Name Indication (SNI) support
• set_tlsext_host_name
TBA
• get_servername
TBA
• get_servername_type
TBA
• CTX_set_tlsext_servername_callback
COMPATIBILITY: requires at least OpenSSL 0.9.8f
This function is used in a server to support Server side Server Name Indication (SNI).
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_tlsext_servername_callback($ctx, $code)
# $ctx - SSL context
# $code - reference to a subroutine that will be called when a new connection is being initiated
#
# returns: no return value
On the client side: use set_tlsext_host_name($ssl, $servername) before initiating the
SSL connection.
On the server side: Set up an additional SSL_CTX() for each different certificate;
Add a servername callback to each SSL_CTX() using
CTX_set_tlsext_servername_callback();
The callback function is required to retrieve the client-supplied servername with
get_servername(ssl). Figure out the right SSL_CTX to go with that host name, then
switch the SSL object to that SSL_CTX with set_SSL_CTX().
Example:
# set callback
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_tlsext_servername_callback($ctx,
sub {
my $ssl = shift;
my $h = Net::SSLeay::get_servername($ssl);
Net::SSLeay::set_SSL_CTX($ssl, $hostnames{$h}->{ctx}) if exists $hostnames{$h};
} );
More complete example:
# ... initialize Net::SSLeay
my %hostnames = (
'sni1' => { cert=>'sni1.pem', key=>'sni1.key' },
'sni2' => { cert=>'sni2.pem', key=>'sni2.key' },
);
# create a new context for each certificate/key pair
for my $name (keys %hostnames) {
$hostnames{$name}->{ctx} = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new or die;
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_cipher_list($hostnames{$name}->{ctx}, 'ALL');
Net::SSLeay::set_cert_and_key($hostnames{$name}->{ctx},
$hostnames{$name}->{cert}, $hostnames{$name}->{key}) or die;
}
# create default context
my $ctx = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new or die;
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_cipher_list($ctx, 'ALL');
Net::SSLeay::set_cert_and_key($ctx, 'cert.pem','key.pem') or die;
# set callback
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_tlsext_servername_callback($ctx, sub {
my $ssl = shift;
my $h = Net::SSLeay::get_servername($ssl);
Net::SSLeay::set_SSL_CTX($ssl, $hostnames{$h}->{ctx}) if exists $hostnames{$h};
} );
# ... later
$s = Net::SSLeay::new($ctx);
Net::SSLeay::set_fd($s, fileno($accepted_socket));
Net::SSLeay::accept($s);
Low level API: NPN (next protocol negotiation) related functions
NPN is being replaced with ALPN, a more recent TLS extension for application protocol
negotiation that's in process of being adopted by IETF. Please look below for APLN API
description.
Simple approach for using NPN support looks like this:
### client side
use Net::SSLeay;
use IO::Socket::INET;
Net::SSLeay::initialize();
my $sock = IO::Socket::INET->new(PeerAddr=>'encrypted.google.com:443') or die;
my $ctx = Net::SSLeay::CTX_tlsv1_new() or die;
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options($ctx, &Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL);
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb($ctx, ['http1.1','spdy/2']);
my $ssl = Net::SSLeay::new($ctx) or die;
Net::SSLeay::set_fd($ssl, fileno($sock)) or die;
Net::SSLeay::connect($ssl);
warn "client:negotiated=",Net::SSLeay::P_next_proto_negotiated($ssl), "\n";
warn "client:last_status=", Net::SSLeay::P_next_proto_last_status($ssl), "\n";
### server side
use Net::SSLeay;
use IO::Socket::INET;
Net::SSLeay::initialize();
my $ctx = Net::SSLeay::CTX_tlsv1_new() or die;
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options($ctx, &Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL);
Net::SSLeay::set_cert_and_key($ctx, "cert.pem", "key.pem");
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_next_protos_advertised_cb($ctx, ['spdy/2','http1.1']);
my $sock = IO::Socket::INET->new(LocalAddr=>'localhost', LocalPort=>5443, Proto=>'tcp', Listen=>20) or die;
while (1) {
my $ssl = Net::SSLeay::new($ctx);
warn("server:waiting for incoming connection...\n");
my $fd = $sock->accept();
Net::SSLeay::set_fd($ssl, $fd->fileno);
Net::SSLeay::accept($ssl);
warn "server:negotiated=",Net::SSLeay::P_next_proto_negotiated($ssl),"\n";
my $got = Net::SSLeay::read($ssl);
Net::SSLeay::ssl_write_all($ssl, "length=".length($got));
Net::SSLeay::free($ssl);
$fd->close();
}
# check with: openssl s_client -connect localhost:5443 -nextprotoneg http/1.1,spdy/2
Please note that the selection (negotiation) is performed by client side, the server side
simply advertise the list of supported protocols.
Advanced approach allows you to implement your own negotiation algorithm.
#see below documentation for:
Net::SSleay::CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb($ctx, $perl_callback_function, $callback_data);
Net::SSleay::CTX_set_next_protos_advertised_cb($ctx, $perl_callback_function, $callback_data);
Detection of NPN support (works even in older Net::SSLeay versions):
use Net::SSLeay;
if (exists &Net::SSLeay::P_next_proto_negotiated) {
# do NPN stuff
}
• CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least
openssl-1.0.1
NOTE: You need CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb on client side of SSL connection.
Simple usage - in this case a "common" negotiation algorithm (as implemented by
openssl's function SSL_select_next_proto) is used.
$rv = Net::SSleay::CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb($ctx, $arrayref);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $arrayref - list of accepted protocols - e.g. ['http1.0', 'http1.1']
#
# returns: 0 on success, 1 on failure
Advanced usage (you probably do not need this):
$rv = Net::SSleay::CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb($ctx, $perl_callback_function, $callback_data);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $perl_callback_function - reference to perl function
# $callback_data - [optional] data to passed to callback function when invoked
#
# returns: 0 on success, 1 on failure
# where callback function looks like
sub npn_advertised_cb_invoke {
my ($ssl, $arrayref_proto_list_advertised_by_server, $callback_data) = @_;
my $status;
# ...
$status = 1; #status can be:
# 0 - OPENSSL_NPN_UNSUPPORTED
# 1 - OPENSSL_NPN_NEGOTIATED
# 2 - OPENSSL_NPN_NO_OVERLAP
return $status, ['http1.1','spdy/2']; # the callback has to return 2 values
}
To undefine/clear this callback use:
Net::SSleay::CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb($ctx, undef);
• CTX_set_next_protos_advertised_cb
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least
openssl-1.0.1
NOTE: You need CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb on server side of SSL connection.
Simple usage:
$rv = Net::SSleay::CTX_set_next_protos_advertised_cb($ctx, $arrayref);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $arrayref - list of advertised protocols - e.g. ['http1.0', 'http1.1']
#
# returns: 0 on success, 1 on failure
Advanced usage (you probably do not need this):
$rv = Net::SSleay::CTX_set_next_protos_advertised_cb($ctx, $perl_callback_function, $callback_data);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $perl_callback_function - reference to perl function
# $callback_data - [optional] data to passed to callback function when invoked
#
# returns: 0 on success, 1 on failure
# where callback function looks like
sub npn_advertised_cb_invoke {
my ($ssl, $callback_data) = @_;
# ...
return ['http1.1','spdy/2']; # the callback has to return arrayref
}
To undefine/clear this callback use:
Net::SSleay::CTX_set_next_protos_advertised_cb($ctx, undef);
• P_next_proto_negotiated
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least
openssl-1.0.1
Returns the name of negotiated protocol for given SSL connection $ssl.
$rv = Net::SSLeay::P_next_proto_negotiated($ssl)
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: (string) negotiated protocol name (or undef if no negotiation was done or failed with fatal error)
• P_next_proto_last_status
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least
openssl-1.0.1
Returns the result of the last negotiation for given SSL connection $ssl.
$rv = Net::SSLeay::P_next_proto_last_status($ssl)
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: (integer) negotiation status
# 0 - OPENSSL_NPN_UNSUPPORTED
# 1 - OPENSSL_NPN_NEGOTIATED
# 2 - OPENSSL_NPN_NO_OVERLAP
Low level API: ALPN (application layer protocol negotiation) related functions
Application protocol can be negotiated via two different mechanisms employing two
different TLS extensions: NPN (obsolete) and ALPN (recommended).
The API is rather similar, with slight differences reflecting protocol specifics. In
particular, with ALPN the protocol negotiation takes place on server, while with NPN the
client implements the protocol negotiation logic.
With ALPN, the most basic implementation looks like this:
### client side
use Net::SSLeay;
use IO::Socket::INET;
Net::SSLeay::initialize();
my $sock = IO::Socket::INET->new(PeerAddr=>'encrypted.google.com:443') or die;
my $ctx = Net::SSLeay::CTX_tlsv1_new() or die;
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options($ctx, &Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL);
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_alpn_protos($ctx, ['http/1.1', 'http/2.0', 'spdy/3]);
my $ssl = Net::SSLeay::new($ctx) or die;
Net::SSLeay::set_fd($ssl, fileno($sock)) or die;
Net::SSLeay::connect($ssl);
warn "client:selected=",Net::SSLeay::P_alpn_selected($ssl), "\n";
### server side
use Net::SSLeay;
use IO::Socket::INET;
Net::SSLeay::initialize();
my $ctx = Net::SSLeay::CTX_tlsv1_new() or die;
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options($ctx, &Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL);
Net::SSLeay::set_cert_and_key($ctx, "cert.pem", "key.pem");
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_alpn_select_cb($ctx, ['http/1.1', 'http/2.0', 'spdy/3]);
my $sock = IO::Socket::INET->new(LocalAddr=>'localhost', LocalPort=>5443, Proto=>'tcp', Listen=>20) or die;
while (1) {
my $ssl = Net::SSLeay::new($ctx);
warn("server:waiting for incoming connection...\n");
my $fd = $sock->accept();
Net::SSLeay::set_fd($ssl, $fd->fileno);
Net::SSLeay::accept($ssl);
warn "server:selected=",Net::SSLeay::P_alpn_selected($ssl),"\n";
my $got = Net::SSLeay::read($ssl);
Net::SSLeay::ssl_write_all($ssl, "length=".length($got));
Net::SSLeay::free($ssl);
$fd->close();
}
# check with: openssl s_client -connect localhost:5443 -alpn spdy/3,http/1.1
Advanced approach allows you to implement your own negotiation algorithm.
#see below documentation for:
Net::SSleay::CTX_set_alpn_select_cb($ctx, $perl_callback_function, $callback_data);
Detection of ALPN support (works even in older Net::SSLeay versions):
use Net::SSLeay;
if (exists &Net::SSLeay::P_alpn_selected) {
# do ALPN stuff
}
• CTX_set_alpn_select_cb
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.55 and before; requires at least
openssl-1.0.2
NOTE: You need CTX_set_alpn_select_cb on server side of TLS connection.
Simple usage - in this case a "common" negotiation algorithm (as implemented by
openssl's function SSL_select_next_proto) is used.
$rv = Net::SSleay::CTX_set_alpn_select_cb($ctx, $arrayref);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $arrayref - list of accepted protocols - e.g. ['http/2.0', 'http/1.1', 'spdy/3']
#
# returns: 0 on success, 1 on failure
Advanced usage (you probably do not need this):
$rv = Net::SSleay::CTX_set_alpn_select_cb($ctx, $perl_callback_function, $callback_data);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $perl_callback_function - reference to perl function
# $callback_data - [optional] data to passed to callback function when invoked
#
# returns: 0 on success, 1 on failure
# where callback function looks like
sub alpn_select_cb_invoke {
my ($ssl, $arrayref_proto_list_advertised_by_client, $callback_data) = @_;
# ...
if ($negotiated) {
return 'http/2.0';
} else {
return undef;
}
}
To undefine/clear this callback use:
Net::SSleay::CTX_set_alpn_select_cb($ctx, undef);
• set_alpn_protos
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.55 and before; requires at least
openssl-1.0.2
NOTE: You need set_alpn_protos on client side of TLS connection.
This adds list of supported application layer protocols to ClientHello message sent by
a client. It advertises the enumeration of supported protocols:
Net::SSLeay::set_alpn_protos($ssl, ['http/1.1', 'http/2.0', 'spdy/3]);
# returns 0 on success
• CTX_set_alpn_protos
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.55 and before; requires at least
openssl-1.0.2
NOTE: You need CTX_set_alpn_protos on client side of TLS connection.
This adds list of supported application layer protocols to ClientHello message sent by
a client. It advertises the enumeration of supported protocols:
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_alpn_protos($ctx, ['http/1.1', 'http/2.0', 'spdy/3]);
# returns 0 on success
• P_alpn_selected
COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.55 and before; requires at least
openssl-1.0.2
Returns the name of negotiated protocol for given TLS connection $ssl.
$rv = Net::SSLeay::P_alpn_selected($ssl)
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: (string) negotiated protocol name (or undef if no negotiation was done or failed with fatal error)
Low level API: DANE Support
OpenSSL version 1.0.2 adds preliminary support RFC6698 Domain Authentication of Named
Entities (DANE) Transport Layer Association within OpenSSL
• SSL_get_tlsa_record_byname
COMPATIBILITY: DELETED from net-ssleay, since it is not supported by OpenSSL
In order to facilitate DANE there is additional interface, SSL_get_tlsa_record_byname,
accepting hostname, port and socket type that returns packed TLSA record. In order to
make it even easier there is additional SSL_ctrl function that calls
SSL_get_tlsa_record_byname for you. Latter is recommended for programmers that wish to
maintain broader binary compatibility, e.g. make application work with both 1.0.2 and
prior version (in which case call to SSL_ctrl with new code returning error would have
to be ignored when running with prior version).
Net::SSLeay::get_tlsa_record_byname($name, $port, $type);
Low level API: Other functions
• COMP_add_compression_method
Adds the compression method cm with the identifier id to the list of available
compression methods. This list is globally maintained for all SSL operations within
this application. It cannot be set for specific SSL_CTX or SSL objects.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::COMP_add_compression_method($id, $cm);
# $id - (integer) compression method id
# 0 to 63: methods defined by the IETF
# 64 to 192: external party methods assigned by IANA
# 193 to 255: reserved for private use
#
# $cm - value corresponding to openssl's COMP_METHOD structure
#
# returns: 0 on success, 1 on failure (check the error queue to find out the reason)
Check openssl doc
<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_COMP_add_compression_method.html>
• DH_free
Frees the DH structure and its components. The values are erased before the memory is
returned to the system.
Net::SSLeay::DH_free($dh);
# $dh - value corresponding to openssl's DH structure
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/DH_new.html>
• FIPS_mode_set
Enable or disable FIPS mode in a FIPS capable OpenSSL.
Net::SSLeay:: FIPS_mode_set($enable);
# $enable - (integer) 1 to enable, 0 to disable
Low level API: EC related functions
• CTX_set_tmp_ecdh
TBA
• EC_KEY_free
TBA
• EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name
TBA
• EC_KEY_generate_key
Generates a EC key and returns it in a newly allocated EC_KEY structure. The EC key
then can be used to create a PKEY which can be used in calls like X509_set_pubkey.
my $key = Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_new();
my $ec = Net::SSLeay::EC_KEY_generate_key($curve);
Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_assign_EC_KEY($key,$ec);
# $curve - curve name like 'secp521r1' or the matching Id (integer) of the curve
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's EC_KEY structure (0 on failure)
This function has no equivalent in OpenSSL but combines multiple OpenSSL functions for
an easier interface.
• CTX_set_ecdh_auto, set_ecdh_auto
These functions enable or disable the automatic curve selection on the server side by
calling SSL_CTX_set_ecdh_auto or SSL_set_ecdh_auto respectively. If enabled the
highest preference curve is automatically used for ECDH temporary keys used during key
exchange. This function is no longer available for OpenSSL 1.1.0 or higher.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_ecdh_auto($ctx,1);
Net::SSLeay::set_ecdh_auto($ssl,1);
• CTX_set1_curves_list, set1_curves_list
These functions set the supported curves (in order of preference) by calling
SSL_CTX_set1_curves_list or SSL_set1_curves_list respectively. For a TLS client these
curves are offered to the server in the supported curves extension while on the server
side these are used to determine the shared curve. These functions are only available
since OpenSSL 1.1.0.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set1_curves_list($ctx,"P-521:P-384:P-256");
Net::SSLeay::set1_curves_list($ssl,"P-521:P-384:P-256");
• CTX_set1_groups_list, set1_groups_list
These functions set the supported groups (in order of preference) by calling
SSL_CTX_set1_groups_list or SSL_set1_groups_list respectively. This is practically
the same as CTX_set1_curves_list and set1_curves_list except that all DH groups can be
given as supported by TLS 1.3. These functions are only available since OpenSSL
1.1.1.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set1_groups_list($ctx,"P-521:P-384:P-256");
Net::SSLeay::set1_groups_list($ssl,"P-521:P-384:P-256");
Low level API: OSSL_LIB_CTX and OSSL_PROVIDER related functions
• OSSL_LIB_CTX_get0_global_default
Returns a concrete (non NULL) reference to the global default library context.
my $libctx = Net::SSLeay::OSSL_LIB_CTX_get0_global_default();
# returns: a value corresponding to OSSL_LIB_CTX structure or false on failure
Typically it's simpler to use undef with functions that take an OSSL_LIB_CTX argument
when global default library context is needed.
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/OSSL_LIB_CTX_get0_global_default.html>
• OSSL_PROVIDER_load
Loads and initializes a provider
my $provider = Net::SSLeay::OSSL_PROVIDER_load($libctx, $name);
# $libctx - value corresponding to OSSL_LIB_CTX structure or undef
# $name - (string) provider name, e.g., 'legacy'
#
# returns: a value corresponding to OSSL_PROVIDER or false on failure
Using undef loads the provider within the global default library context.
my $provider = Net::SSLeay::OSSL_PROVIDER_load(undef, 'legacy');
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/OSSL_PROVIDER_load.html>
• OSSL_PROVIDER_try_load
Loads and initializes a provider similar to OSSL_PROVIDER_load with additional
fallback control.
my $provider = Net::SSLeay::OSSL_PROVIDER_try_load($libctx, $name, $retain_fallbacks);
# $libctx - value corresponding to OSSL_LIB_CTX structure or undef
# $name - (string) provider name, e.g., 'legacy'
# $retain_fallbacks - (integer) 0 or 1
#
# returns: a value corresponding to OSSL_PROVIDER or false on failure
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/OSSL_PROVIDER_try_load.html>
• OSSL_PROVIDER_unload
Unloads the given provider.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OSSL_PROVIDER_unload($provider);
# $provider - a value corresponding to OSSL_PROVIDER
#
# returns: (integer) 1 on success, 0 on error
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/OSSL_PROVIDER_unload.html>
• OSSL_PROVIDER_available
Checks if a named provider is available for use.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OSSL_PROVIDER_available($libctx, $name);
# $libctx - value corresponding to OSSL_LIB_CTX structure or undef
# $name - (string) provider name, e.g., 'legacy'
#
# returns: (integer) 1 if the named provider is available, otherwise 0.
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/OSSL_PROVIDER_available.html>
• OSSL_PROVIDER_do_all
Iterates over all loaded providers. A callback is called for each provider.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OSSL_PROVIDER_do_all($libctx, $cb, $cbdata);
# $libctx - value corresponding to OSSL_LIB_CTX structure or undef
# $cb - reference to a perl callback function
$ $cbdata - data that will be passed to callback function
#
# returns: (integer) 1 if all callbacks returned 1, 0 the first time a callback returns 0.
Example:
sub do_all_cb {
my ($provider, $cbdata) = @_;
my $name = Net::SSLeay::OSSL_PROVIDER_get0_name($provider);
print "Callback for provider: '$name', cbdata: '$cbdata'\n";
return 1;
}
my $data_for_cb = 'Hello';
# Triggers default provider automatic loading.
Net::SSLeay::OSSL_PROVIDER_available(undef, 'default') || die 'default provider not available';
Net::SSLeay::OSSL_PROVIDER_load(undef, 'legacy') || die 'load legacy';
Net::SSLeay::OSSL_PROVIDER_load(undef, 'null') || die 'load null';
Net::SSLeay::OSSL_PROVIDER_do_all(undef, \&do_all_cb, $data_for_cb) || die 'a callback failed';
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/OSSL_PROVIDER_do_all.html>
• OSSL_PROVIDER_get0_name
Returns the name of the given provider.
my $name = Net::SSLeay::OSSL_PROVIDER_get0_name($provider);
# $provider - a value corresponding to OSSL_PROVIDER
#
# returns: (string) provider name, e.g., 'legacy'
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/OSSL_PROVIDER_get0_name.html>
• OSSL_PROVIDER_self_test
Runs the provider's self tests.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OSSL_PROVIDER_self_test($provider);
# $libctx - value corresponding to OSSL_LIB_CTX structure or undef
# $provider - a value corresponding to OSSL_PROVIDER
#
# returns: (integer) returns 1 if the self tests pass, 0 on error
Check openssl doc
<https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/OSSL_PROVIDER_self_test.html>
Constants
There are many openssl constants available in Net::SSLeay. You can use them like this:
use Net::SSLeay;
print &Net::SSLeay::NID_commonName;
#or
print Net::SSLeay::NID_commonName();
Or you can import them and use:
use Net::SSLeay qw/NID_commonName/;
print &NID_commonName;
#or
print NID_commonName();
#or
print NID_commonName;
The constants names are derived from openssl constants, however constants starting with
"SSL_" prefix have name with "SSL_" part stripped - e.g. openssl's constant "SSL_OP_ALL"
is available as "Net::SSleay::OP_ALL"
The list of all available constant names:
ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_CTRL OPENSSL_VERSION_STRING
ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_MSB OP_ALL
ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_QUOTE OP_ALLOW_NO_DHE_KEX
ASN1_STRFLGS_RFC2253 OP_ALLOW_UNSAFE_LEGACY_RENEGOTIATION
CB_ACCEPT_EXIT OP_CIPHER_SERVER_PREFERENCE
CB_ACCEPT_LOOP OP_CISCO_ANYCONNECT
CB_ALERT OP_COOKIE_EXCHANGE
CB_CONNECT_EXIT OP_CRYPTOPRO_TLSEXT_BUG
CB_CONNECT_LOOP OP_DONT_INSERT_EMPTY_FRAGMENTS
CB_EXIT OP_ENABLE_MIDDLEBOX_COMPAT
CB_HANDSHAKE_DONE OP_EPHEMERAL_RSA
CB_HANDSHAKE_START OP_LEGACY_SERVER_CONNECT
CB_LOOP OP_MICROSOFT_BIG_SSLV3_BUFFER
CB_READ OP_MICROSOFT_SESS_ID_BUG
CB_READ_ALERT OP_MSIE_SSLV2_RSA_PADDING
CB_WRITE OP_NETSCAPE_CA_DN_BUG
CB_WRITE_ALERT OP_NETSCAPE_CHALLENGE_BUG
ERROR_NONE OP_NETSCAPE_DEMO_CIPHER_CHANGE_BUG
ERROR_SSL OP_NETSCAPE_REUSE_CIPHER_CHANGE_BUG
ERROR_SYSCALL OP_NON_EXPORT_FIRST
ERROR_WANT_ACCEPT OP_NO_ANTI_REPLAY
ERROR_WANT_CONNECT OP_NO_CLIENT_RENEGOTIATION
ERROR_WANT_READ OP_NO_COMPRESSION
ERROR_WANT_WRITE OP_NO_ENCRYPT_THEN_MAC
ERROR_WANT_X509_LOOKUP OP_NO_QUERY_MTU
ERROR_ZERO_RETURN OP_NO_RENEGOTIATION
EVP_PKS_DSA OP_NO_SESSION_RESUMPTION_ON_RENEGOTIATION
EVP_PKS_EC OP_NO_SSL_MASK
EVP_PKS_RSA OP_NO_SSLv2
EVP_PKT_ENC OP_NO_SSLv3
EVP_PKT_EXCH OP_NO_TICKET
EVP_PKT_EXP OP_NO_TLSv1
EVP_PKT_SIGN OP_NO_TLSv1_1
EVP_PK_DH OP_NO_TLSv1_2
EVP_PK_DSA OP_NO_TLSv1_3
EVP_PK_EC OP_PKCS1_CHECK_1
EVP_PK_RSA OP_PKCS1_CHECK_2
FILETYPE_ASN1 OP_PRIORITIZE_CHACHA
FILETYPE_PEM OP_SAFARI_ECDHE_ECDSA_BUG
F_CLIENT_CERTIFICATE OP_SINGLE_DH_USE
F_CLIENT_HELLO OP_SINGLE_ECDH_USE
F_CLIENT_MASTER_KEY OP_SSLEAY_080_CLIENT_DH_BUG
F_D2I_SSL_SESSION OP_SSLREF2_REUSE_CERT_TYPE_BUG
F_GET_CLIENT_FINISHED OP_TLSEXT_PADDING
F_GET_CLIENT_HELLO OP_TLS_BLOCK_PADDING_BUG
F_GET_CLIENT_MASTER_KEY OP_TLS_D5_BUG
F_GET_SERVER_FINISHED OP_TLS_ROLLBACK_BUG
F_GET_SERVER_HELLO READING
F_GET_SERVER_VERIFY RECEIVED_SHUTDOWN
F_I2D_SSL_SESSION RSA_3
F_READ_N RSA_F4
F_REQUEST_CERTIFICATE R_BAD_AUTHENTICATION_TYPE
F_SERVER_HELLO R_BAD_CHECKSUM
F_SSL_CERT_NEW R_BAD_MAC_DECODE
F_SSL_GET_NEW_SESSION R_BAD_RESPONSE_ARGUMENT
F_SSL_NEW R_BAD_SSL_FILETYPE
F_SSL_READ R_BAD_SSL_SESSION_ID_LENGTH
F_SSL_RSA_PRIVATE_DECRYPT R_BAD_STATE
F_SSL_RSA_PUBLIC_ENCRYPT R_BAD_WRITE_RETRY
F_SSL_SESSION_NEW R_CHALLENGE_IS_DIFFERENT
F_SSL_SESSION_PRINT_FP R_CIPHER_TABLE_SRC_ERROR
F_SSL_SET_FD R_INVALID_CHALLENGE_LENGTH
F_SSL_SET_RFD R_NO_CERTIFICATE_SET
F_SSL_SET_WFD R_NO_CERTIFICATE_SPECIFIED
F_SSL_USE_CERTIFICATE R_NO_CIPHER_LIST
F_SSL_USE_CERTIFICATE_ASN1 R_NO_CIPHER_MATCH
F_SSL_USE_CERTIFICATE_FILE R_NO_PRIVATEKEY
F_SSL_USE_PRIVATEKEY R_NO_PUBLICKEY
F_SSL_USE_PRIVATEKEY_ASN1 R_NULL_SSL_CTX
F_SSL_USE_PRIVATEKEY_FILE R_PEER_DID_NOT_RETURN_A_CERTIFICATE
F_SSL_USE_RSAPRIVATEKEY R_PEER_ERROR
F_SSL_USE_RSAPRIVATEKEY_ASN1 R_PEER_ERROR_CERTIFICATE
F_SSL_USE_RSAPRIVATEKEY_FILE R_PEER_ERROR_NO_CIPHER
F_WRITE_PENDING R_PEER_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_CERTIFICATE_TYPE
GEN_DIRNAME R_PUBLIC_KEY_ENCRYPT_ERROR
GEN_DNS R_PUBLIC_KEY_IS_NOT_RSA
GEN_EDIPARTY R_READ_WRONG_PACKET_TYPE
GEN_EMAIL R_SHORT_READ
GEN_IPADD R_SSL_SESSION_ID_IS_DIFFERENT
GEN_OTHERNAME R_UNABLE_TO_EXTRACT_PUBLIC_KEY
GEN_RID R_UNKNOWN_REMOTE_ERROR_TYPE
GEN_URI R_UNKNOWN_STATE
GEN_X400 R_X509_LIB
LIBRESSL_VERSION_NUMBER SENT_SHUTDOWN
MBSTRING_ASC SESSION_ASN1_VERSION
MBSTRING_BMP SESS_CACHE_BOTH
MBSTRING_FLAG SESS_CACHE_CLIENT
MBSTRING_UNIV SESS_CACHE_NO_AUTO_CLEAR
MBSTRING_UTF8 SESS_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL
MIN_RSA_MODULUS_LENGTH_IN_BYTES SESS_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL_LOOKUP
MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER SESS_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL_STORE
MODE_AUTO_RETRY SESS_CACHE_OFF
MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE SESS_CACHE_SERVER
MODE_RELEASE_BUFFERS SSL2_MT_CLIENT_CERTIFICATE
NID_OCSP_sign SSL2_MT_CLIENT_FINISHED
NID_SMIMECapabilities SSL2_MT_CLIENT_HELLO
NID_X500 SSL2_MT_CLIENT_MASTER_KEY
NID_X509 SSL2_MT_ERROR
NID_ad_OCSP SSL2_MT_REQUEST_CERTIFICATE
NID_ad_ca_issuers SSL2_MT_SERVER_FINISHED
NID_algorithm SSL2_MT_SERVER_HELLO
NID_authority_key_identifier SSL2_MT_SERVER_VERIFY
NID_basic_constraints SSL2_VERSION
NID_bf_cbc SSL3_MT_CCS
NID_bf_cfb64 SSL3_MT_CERTIFICATE
NID_bf_ecb SSL3_MT_CERTIFICATE_REQUEST
NID_bf_ofb64 SSL3_MT_CERTIFICATE_STATUS
NID_cast5_cbc SSL3_MT_CERTIFICATE_URL
NID_cast5_cfb64 SSL3_MT_CERTIFICATE_VERIFY
NID_cast5_ecb SSL3_MT_CHANGE_CIPHER_SPEC
NID_cast5_ofb64 SSL3_MT_CLIENT_HELLO
NID_certBag SSL3_MT_CLIENT_KEY_EXCHANGE
NID_certificate_policies SSL3_MT_ENCRYPTED_EXTENSIONS
NID_client_auth SSL3_MT_END_OF_EARLY_DATA
NID_code_sign SSL3_MT_FINISHED
NID_commonName SSL3_MT_HELLO_REQUEST
NID_countryName SSL3_MT_KEY_UPDATE
NID_crlBag SSL3_MT_MESSAGE_HASH
NID_crl_distribution_points SSL3_MT_NEWSESSION_TICKET
NID_crl_number SSL3_MT_NEXT_PROTO
NID_crl_reason SSL3_MT_SERVER_DONE
NID_delta_crl SSL3_MT_SERVER_HELLO
NID_des_cbc SSL3_MT_SERVER_KEY_EXCHANGE
NID_des_cfb64 SSL3_MT_SUPPLEMENTAL_DATA
NID_des_ecb SSL3_RT_ALERT
NID_des_ede SSL3_RT_APPLICATION_DATA
NID_des_ede3 SSL3_RT_CHANGE_CIPHER_SPEC
NID_des_ede3_cbc SSL3_RT_HANDSHAKE
NID_des_ede3_cfb64 SSL3_RT_HEADER
NID_des_ede3_ofb64 SSL3_RT_INNER_CONTENT_TYPE
NID_des_ede_cbc SSL3_VERSION
NID_des_ede_cfb64 SSLEAY_BUILT_ON
NID_des_ede_ofb64 SSLEAY_CFLAGS
NID_des_ofb64 SSLEAY_DIR
NID_description SSLEAY_PLATFORM
NID_desx_cbc SSLEAY_VERSION
NID_dhKeyAgreement ST_ACCEPT
NID_dnQualifier ST_BEFORE
NID_dsa ST_CONNECT
NID_dsaWithSHA ST_INIT
NID_dsaWithSHA1 ST_OK
NID_dsaWithSHA1_2 ST_READ_BODY
NID_dsa_2 ST_READ_HEADER
NID_email_protect TLS1_1_VERSION
NID_ext_key_usage TLS1_2_VERSION
NID_ext_req TLS1_3_VERSION
NID_friendlyName TLS1_VERSION
NID_givenName TLSEXT_STATUSTYPE_ocsp
NID_hmacWithSHA1 VERIFY_CLIENT_ONCE
NID_id_ad VERIFY_FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT
NID_id_ce VERIFY_NONE
NID_id_kp VERIFY_PEER
NID_id_pbkdf2 VERIFY_POST_HANDSHAKE
NID_id_pe V_OCSP_CERTSTATUS_GOOD
NID_id_pkix V_OCSP_CERTSTATUS_REVOKED
NID_id_qt_cps V_OCSP_CERTSTATUS_UNKNOWN
NID_id_qt_unotice WRITING
NID_idea_cbc X509_CHECK_FLAG_ALWAYS_CHECK_SUBJECT
NID_idea_cfb64 X509_CHECK_FLAG_MULTI_LABEL_WILDCARDS
NID_idea_ecb X509_CHECK_FLAG_NEVER_CHECK_SUBJECT
NID_idea_ofb64 X509_CHECK_FLAG_NO_PARTIAL_WILDCARDS
NID_info_access X509_CHECK_FLAG_NO_WILDCARDS
NID_initials X509_CHECK_FLAG_SINGLE_LABEL_SUBDOMAINS
NID_invalidity_date X509_FILETYPE_ASN1
NID_issuer_alt_name X509_FILETYPE_DEFAULT
NID_keyBag X509_FILETYPE_PEM
NID_key_usage X509_LOOKUP
NID_localKeyID X509_PURPOSE_ANY
NID_localityName X509_PURPOSE_CRL_SIGN
NID_md2 X509_PURPOSE_NS_SSL_SERVER
NID_md2WithRSAEncryption X509_PURPOSE_OCSP_HELPER
NID_md5 X509_PURPOSE_SMIME_ENCRYPT
NID_md5WithRSA X509_PURPOSE_SMIME_SIGN
NID_md5WithRSAEncryption X509_PURPOSE_SSL_CLIENT
NID_md5_sha1 X509_PURPOSE_SSL_SERVER
NID_mdc2 X509_PURPOSE_TIMESTAMP_SIGN
NID_mdc2WithRSA X509_TRUST_COMPAT
NID_ms_code_com X509_TRUST_EMAIL
NID_ms_code_ind X509_TRUST_OBJECT_SIGN
NID_ms_ctl_sign X509_TRUST_OCSP_REQUEST
NID_ms_efs X509_TRUST_OCSP_SIGN
NID_ms_ext_req X509_TRUST_SSL_CLIENT
NID_ms_sgc X509_TRUST_SSL_SERVER
NID_name X509_TRUST_TSA
NID_netscape X509_V_ERR_AKID_ISSUER_SERIAL_MISMATCH
NID_netscape_base_url X509_V_ERR_AKID_SKID_MISMATCH
NID_netscape_ca_policy_url X509_V_ERR_APPLICATION_VERIFICATION
NID_netscape_ca_revocation_url X509_V_ERR_CA_KEY_TOO_SMALL
NID_netscape_cert_extension X509_V_ERR_CA_MD_TOO_WEAK
NID_netscape_cert_sequence X509_V_ERR_CERT_CHAIN_TOO_LONG
NID_netscape_cert_type X509_V_ERR_CERT_HAS_EXPIRED
NID_netscape_comment X509_V_ERR_CERT_NOT_YET_VALID
NID_netscape_data_type X509_V_ERR_CERT_REJECTED
NID_netscape_renewal_url X509_V_ERR_CERT_REVOKED
NID_netscape_revocation_url X509_V_ERR_CERT_SIGNATURE_FAILURE
NID_netscape_ssl_server_name X509_V_ERR_CERT_UNTRUSTED
NID_ns_sgc X509_V_ERR_CRL_HAS_EXPIRED
NID_organizationName X509_V_ERR_CRL_NOT_YET_VALID
NID_organizationalUnitName X509_V_ERR_CRL_PATH_VALIDATION_ERROR
NID_pbeWithMD2AndDES_CBC X509_V_ERR_CRL_SIGNATURE_FAILURE
NID_pbeWithMD2AndRC2_CBC X509_V_ERR_DANE_NO_MATCH
NID_pbeWithMD5AndCast5_CBC X509_V_ERR_DEPTH_ZERO_SELF_SIGNED_CERT
NID_pbeWithMD5AndDES_CBC X509_V_ERR_DIFFERENT_CRL_SCOPE
NID_pbeWithMD5AndRC2_CBC X509_V_ERR_EE_KEY_TOO_SMALL
NID_pbeWithSHA1AndDES_CBC X509_V_ERR_EMAIL_MISMATCH
NID_pbeWithSHA1AndRC2_CBC X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CERT_NOT_AFTER_FIELD
NID_pbe_WithSHA1And128BitRC2_CBC X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CERT_NOT_BEFORE_FIELD
NID_pbe_WithSHA1And128BitRC4 X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CRL_LAST_UPDATE_FIELD
NID_pbe_WithSHA1And2_Key_TripleDES_CBC X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CRL_NEXT_UPDATE_FIELD
NID_pbe_WithSHA1And3_Key_TripleDES_CBC X509_V_ERR_EXCLUDED_VIOLATION
NID_pbe_WithSHA1And40BitRC2_CBC X509_V_ERR_HOSTNAME_MISMATCH
NID_pbe_WithSHA1And40BitRC4 X509_V_ERR_INVALID_CA
NID_pbes2 X509_V_ERR_INVALID_CALL
NID_pbmac1 X509_V_ERR_INVALID_EXTENSION
NID_pkcs X509_V_ERR_INVALID_NON_CA
NID_pkcs3 X509_V_ERR_INVALID_POLICY_EXTENSION
NID_pkcs7 X509_V_ERR_INVALID_PURPOSE
NID_pkcs7_data X509_V_ERR_IP_ADDRESS_MISMATCH
NID_pkcs7_digest X509_V_ERR_KEYUSAGE_NO_CERTSIGN
NID_pkcs7_encrypted X509_V_ERR_KEYUSAGE_NO_CRL_SIGN
NID_pkcs7_enveloped X509_V_ERR_KEYUSAGE_NO_DIGITAL_SIGNATURE
NID_pkcs7_signed X509_V_ERR_NO_EXPLICIT_POLICY
NID_pkcs7_signedAndEnveloped X509_V_ERR_NO_VALID_SCTS
NID_pkcs8ShroudedKeyBag X509_V_ERR_OCSP_CERT_UNKNOWN
NID_pkcs9 X509_V_ERR_OCSP_VERIFY_FAILED
NID_pkcs9_challengePassword X509_V_ERR_OCSP_VERIFY_NEEDED
NID_pkcs9_contentType X509_V_ERR_OUT_OF_MEM
NID_pkcs9_countersignature X509_V_ERR_PATH_LENGTH_EXCEEDED
NID_pkcs9_emailAddress X509_V_ERR_PATH_LOOP
NID_pkcs9_extCertAttributes X509_V_ERR_PERMITTED_VIOLATION
NID_pkcs9_messageDigest X509_V_ERR_PROXY_CERTIFICATES_NOT_ALLOWED
NID_pkcs9_signingTime X509_V_ERR_PROXY_PATH_LENGTH_EXCEEDED
NID_pkcs9_unstructuredAddress X509_V_ERR_PROXY_SUBJECT_NAME_VIOLATION
NID_pkcs9_unstructuredName X509_V_ERR_SELF_SIGNED_CERT_IN_CHAIN
NID_private_key_usage_period X509_V_ERR_STORE_LOOKUP
NID_rc2_40_cbc X509_V_ERR_SUBJECT_ISSUER_MISMATCH
NID_rc2_64_cbc X509_V_ERR_SUBTREE_MINMAX
NID_rc2_cbc X509_V_ERR_SUITE_B_CANNOT_SIGN_P_384_WITH_P_256
NID_rc2_cfb64 X509_V_ERR_SUITE_B_INVALID_ALGORITHM
NID_rc2_ecb X509_V_ERR_SUITE_B_INVALID_CURVE
NID_rc2_ofb64 X509_V_ERR_SUITE_B_INVALID_SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM
NID_rc4 X509_V_ERR_SUITE_B_INVALID_VERSION
NID_rc4_40 X509_V_ERR_SUITE_B_LOS_NOT_ALLOWED
NID_rc5_cbc X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_DECODE_ISSUER_PUBLIC_KEY
NID_rc5_cfb64 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_DECRYPT_CERT_SIGNATURE
NID_rc5_ecb X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_DECRYPT_CRL_SIGNATURE
NID_rc5_ofb64 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_CRL
NID_ripemd160 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_CRL_ISSUER
NID_ripemd160WithRSA X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_ISSUER_CERT
NID_rle_compression X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_ISSUER_CERT_LOCALLY
NID_rsa X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_VERIFY_LEAF_SIGNATURE
NID_rsaEncryption X509_V_ERR_UNHANDLED_CRITICAL_CRL_EXTENSION
NID_rsadsi X509_V_ERR_UNHANDLED_CRITICAL_EXTENSION
NID_safeContentsBag X509_V_ERR_UNNESTED_RESOURCE
NID_sdsiCertificate X509_V_ERR_UNSPECIFIED
NID_secretBag X509_V_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_CONSTRAINT_SYNTAX
NID_serialNumber X509_V_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_CONSTRAINT_TYPE
NID_server_auth X509_V_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_EXTENSION_FEATURE
NID_sha X509_V_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_NAME_SYNTAX
NID_sha1 X509_V_FLAG_ALLOW_PROXY_CERTS
NID_sha1WithRSA X509_V_FLAG_CB_ISSUER_CHECK
NID_sha1WithRSAEncryption X509_V_FLAG_CHECK_SS_SIGNATURE
NID_shaWithRSAEncryption X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK
NID_stateOrProvinceName X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK_ALL
NID_subject_alt_name X509_V_FLAG_EXPLICIT_POLICY
NID_subject_key_identifier X509_V_FLAG_EXTENDED_CRL_SUPPORT
NID_surname X509_V_FLAG_IGNORE_CRITICAL
NID_sxnet X509_V_FLAG_INHIBIT_ANY
NID_time_stamp X509_V_FLAG_INHIBIT_MAP
NID_title X509_V_FLAG_LEGACY_VERIFY
NID_undef X509_V_FLAG_NOTIFY_POLICY
NID_uniqueIdentifier X509_V_FLAG_NO_ALT_CHAINS
NID_x509Certificate X509_V_FLAG_NO_CHECK_TIME
NID_x509Crl X509_V_FLAG_PARTIAL_CHAIN
NID_zlib_compression X509_V_FLAG_POLICY_CHECK
NOTHING X509_V_FLAG_POLICY_MASK
OCSP_RESPONSE_STATUS_INTERNALERROR X509_V_FLAG_SUITEB_128_LOS
OCSP_RESPONSE_STATUS_MALFORMEDREQUEST X509_V_FLAG_SUITEB_128_LOS_ONLY
OCSP_RESPONSE_STATUS_SIGREQUIRED X509_V_FLAG_SUITEB_192_LOS
OCSP_RESPONSE_STATUS_SUCCESSFUL X509_V_FLAG_TRUSTED_FIRST
OCSP_RESPONSE_STATUS_TRYLATER X509_V_FLAG_USE_CHECK_TIME
OCSP_RESPONSE_STATUS_UNAUTHORIZED X509_V_FLAG_USE_DELTAS
OPENSSL_BUILT_ON X509_V_FLAG_X509_STRICT
OPENSSL_CFLAGS X509_V_OK
OPENSSL_CPU_INFO XN_FLAG_COMPAT
OPENSSL_DIR XN_FLAG_DN_REV
OPENSSL_ENGINES_DIR XN_FLAG_DUMP_UNKNOWN_FIELDS
OPENSSL_FULL_VERSION_STRING XN_FLAG_FN_ALIGN
OPENSSL_INFO_CONFIG_DIR XN_FLAG_FN_LN
OPENSSL_INFO_CPU_SETTINGS XN_FLAG_FN_MASK
OPENSSL_INFO_DIR_FILENAME_SEPARATOR XN_FLAG_FN_NONE
OPENSSL_INFO_DSO_EXTENSION XN_FLAG_FN_OID
OPENSSL_INFO_ENGINES_DIR XN_FLAG_FN_SN
OPENSSL_INFO_LIST_SEPARATOR XN_FLAG_MULTILINE
OPENSSL_INFO_MODULES_DIR XN_FLAG_ONELINE
OPENSSL_INFO_SEED_SOURCE XN_FLAG_RFC2253
OPENSSL_MODULES_DIR XN_FLAG_SEP_COMMA_PLUS
OPENSSL_PLATFORM XN_FLAG_SEP_CPLUS_SPC
OPENSSL_VERSION XN_FLAG_SEP_MASK
OPENSSL_VERSION_MAJOR XN_FLAG_SEP_MULTILINE
OPENSSL_VERSION_MINOR XN_FLAG_SEP_SPLUS_SPC
OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER XN_FLAG_SPC_EQ
OPENSSL_VERSION_PATCH
INTERNAL ONLY functions (do not use these)
The following functions are not intended for use from outside of Net::SSLeay module. They
might be removed, renamed or changed without prior notice in future version.
Simply DO NOT USE THEM!
• hello
• blength
• constant
EXAMPLES
One very good example to look at is the implementation of "sslcat()" in the "SSLeay.pm"
file.
The following is a simple SSLeay client (with too little error checking :-(
#!/usr/bin/perl
use Socket;
use Net::SSLeay qw(die_now die_if_ssl_error) ;
Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings();
Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms();
Net::SSLeay::randomize();
($dest_serv, $port, $msg) = @ARGV; # Read command line
$port = getservbyname ($port, 'tcp') unless $port =~ /^\d+$/;
$dest_ip = gethostbyname ($dest_serv);
$dest_serv_params = sockaddr_in($port, $dest_ip);
socket (S, &AF_INET, &SOCK_STREAM, 0) or die "socket: $!";
connect (S, $dest_serv_params) or die "connect: $!";
select (S); $| = 1; select (STDOUT); # Eliminate STDIO buffering
# The network connection is now open, lets fire up SSL
$ctx = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new() or die_now("Failed to create SSL_CTX $!");
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options($ctx, &Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL)
or die_if_ssl_error("ssl ctx set options");
$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new($ctx) or die_now("Failed to create SSL $!");
Net::SSLeay::set_fd($ssl, fileno(S)); # Must use fileno
$res = Net::SSLeay::connect($ssl) and die_if_ssl_error("ssl connect");
print "Cipher `" . Net::SSLeay::get_cipher($ssl) . "'\n";
# Exchange data
$res = Net::SSLeay::write($ssl, $msg); # Perl knows how long $msg is
die_if_ssl_error("ssl write");
CORE::shutdown S, 1; # Half close --> No more output, sends EOF to server
$got = Net::SSLeay::read($ssl); # Perl returns undef on failure
die_if_ssl_error("ssl read");
print $got;
Net::SSLeay::free ($ssl); # Tear down connection
Net::SSLeay::CTX_free ($ctx);
close S;
The following is a simple SSLeay echo server (non forking):
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use Socket;
use Net::SSLeay qw(die_now die_if_ssl_error);
Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings();
Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms();
Net::SSLeay::randomize();
$our_ip = "\0\0\0\0"; # Bind to all interfaces
$port = 1235;
$sockaddr_template = 'S n a4 x8';
$our_serv_params = pack ($sockaddr_template, &AF_INET, $port, $our_ip);
socket (S, &AF_INET, &SOCK_STREAM, 0) or die "socket: $!";
bind (S, $our_serv_params) or die "bind: $!";
listen (S, 5) or die "listen: $!";
$ctx = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new () or die_now("CTX_new ($ctx): $!");
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options($ctx, &Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL)
or die_if_ssl_error("ssl ctx set options");
# Following will ask password unless private key is not encrypted
Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_RSAPrivateKey_file ($ctx, 'plain-rsa.pem',
&Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM);
die_if_ssl_error("private key");
Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_certificate_file ($ctx, 'plain-cert.pem',
&Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM);
die_if_ssl_error("certificate");
while (1) {
print "Accepting connections...\n";
($addr = accept (NS, S)) or die "accept: $!";
select (NS); $| = 1; select (STDOUT); # Piping hot!
($af,$client_port,$client_ip) = unpack($sockaddr_template,$addr);
@inetaddr = unpack('C4',$client_ip);
print "$af connection from " .
join ('.', @inetaddr) . ":$client_port\n";
# We now have a network connection, lets fire up SSLeay...
$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new($ctx) or die_now("SSL_new ($ssl): $!");
Net::SSLeay::set_fd($ssl, fileno(NS));
$err = Net::SSLeay::accept($ssl) and die_if_ssl_error('ssl accept');
print "Cipher `" . Net::SSLeay::get_cipher($ssl) . "'\n";
# Connected. Exchange some data.
$got = Net::SSLeay::read($ssl); # Returns undef on fail
die_if_ssl_error("ssl read");
print "Got `$got' (" . length ($got) . " chars)\n";
Net::SSLeay::write ($ssl, uc ($got)) or die "write: $!";
die_if_ssl_error("ssl write");
Net::SSLeay::free ($ssl); # Tear down connection
close NS;
}
Yet another echo server. This one runs from "/etc/inetd.conf" so it avoids all the socket
code overhead. Only caveat is opening an rsa key file - it had better be without any
encryption or else it will not know where to ask for the password. Note how "STDIN" and
"STDOUT" are wired to SSL.
#!/usr/bin/perl
# /etc/inetd.conf
# ssltst stream tcp nowait root /path/to/server.pl server.pl
# /etc/services
# ssltst 1234/tcp
use Net::SSLeay qw(die_now die_if_ssl_error);
Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings();
Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms();
Net::SSLeay::randomize();
chdir '/key/dir' or die "chdir: $!";
$| = 1; # Piping hot!
open LOG, ">>/dev/console" or die "Can't open log file $!";
select LOG; print "server.pl started\n";
$ctx = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new() or die_now "CTX_new ($ctx) ($!)";
$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new($ctx) or die_now "new ($ssl) ($!)";
Net::SSLeay::set_options($ssl, &Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL)
and die_if_ssl_error("ssl set options");
# We get already open network connection from inetd, now we just
# need to attach SSLeay to STDIN and STDOUT
Net::SSLeay::set_rfd($ssl, fileno(STDIN));
Net::SSLeay::set_wfd($ssl, fileno(STDOUT));
Net::SSLeay::use_RSAPrivateKey_file ($ssl, 'plain-rsa.pem',
Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM);
die_if_ssl_error("private key");
Net::SSLeay::use_certificate_file ($ssl, 'plain-cert.pem',
Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM);
die_if_ssl_error("certificate");
Net::SSLeay::accept($ssl) and die_if_ssl_err("ssl accept: $!");
print "Cipher `" . Net::SSLeay::get_cipher($ssl) . "'\n";
$got = Net::SSLeay::read($ssl);
die_if_ssl_error("ssl read");
print "Got `$got' (" . length ($got) . " chars)\n";
Net::SSLeay::write ($ssl, uc($got)) or die "write: $!";
die_if_ssl_error("ssl write");
Net::SSLeay::free ($ssl); # Tear down the connection
Net::SSLeay::CTX_free ($ctx);
close LOG;
There are also a number of example/test programs in the examples directory:
sslecho.pl - A simple server, not unlike the one above
minicli.pl - Implements a client using low level SSLeay routines
sslcat.pl - Demonstrates using high level sslcat utility function
get_page.pl - Is a utility for getting html pages from secure servers
callback.pl - Demonstrates certificate verification and callback usage
stdio_bulk.pl - Does SSL over Unix pipes
ssl-inetd-serv.pl - SSL server that can be invoked from inetd.conf
httpd-proxy-snif.pl - Utility that allows you to see how a browser
sends https request to given server and what reply
it gets back (very educative :-)
makecert.pl - Creates a self signed cert (does not use this module)
INSTALLATION
See README and README.* in the distribution directory for installation guidance on a
variety of platforms.
LIMITATIONS
"Net::SSLeay::read()" uses an internal buffer of 32KB, thus no single read will return
more. In practice one read returns much less, usually as much as fits in one network
packet. To work around this, you should use a loop like this:
$reply = '';
while ($got = Net::SSLeay::read($ssl)) {
last if print_errs('SSL_read');
$reply .= $got;
}
Although there is no built-in limit in "Net::SSLeay::write()", the network packet size
limitation applies here as well, thus use:
$written = 0;
while ($written < length($message)) {
$written += Net::SSLeay::write($ssl, substr($message, $written));
last if print_errs('SSL_write');
}
Or alternatively you can just use the following convenience functions:
Net::SSLeay::ssl_write_all($ssl, $message) or die "ssl write failure";
$got = Net::SSLeay::ssl_read_all($ssl) or die "ssl read failure";
KNOWN BUGS AND CAVEATS
LibreSSL versions in the 3.1 - 3.3 series contain a TLS 1.3 implementation that is not
fully compatible with the libssl API, but is still advertised during protocol auto-
negotiation. If you encounter problems or unexpected behaviour with SSL or SSL_CTX objects
whose protocol version was automatically negotiated and libssl is provided by any of these
versions of LibreSSL, it could be because the peers negotiated to use TLS 1.3 - try
setting the maximum protocol version to TLS 1.2 (via
"Net::SSLeay::set_max_proto_version()" or "Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_max_proto_version()")
before establishing the connection. The first stable LibreSSL version with a fully
libssl-compatible TLS 1.3 implementation is 3.4.1.
An OpenSSL bug CVE-2015-0290 "OpenSSL Multiblock Corrupted Pointer Issue" can cause POST
requests of over 90kB to fail or crash. This bug is reported to be fixed in OpenSSL
1.0.2a.
Autoloader emits a
Argument "xxx" isn't numeric in entersub at blib/lib/Net/SSLeay.pm'
warning if die_if_ssl_error is made autoloadable. If you figure out why, drop me a line.
Callback set using "SSL_set_verify()" does not appear to work. This may well be an openssl
problem (e.g. see "ssl/ssl_lib.c" line 1029). Try using "SSL_CTX_set_verify()" instead and
do not be surprised if even this stops working in future versions.
Callback and certificate verification stuff is generally too little tested.
Random numbers are not initialized randomly enough, especially if you do not have
"/dev/random" and/or "/dev/urandom" (such as in Solaris platforms - but it's been
suggested that cryptorand daemon from the SUNski package solves this). In this case you
should investigate third party software that can emulate these devices, e.g. by way of a
named pipe to some program.
Another gotcha with random number initialization is randomness depletion. This phenomenon,
which has been extensively discussed in OpenSSL, Apache-SSL, and Apache-mod_ssl forums,
can cause your script to block if you use "/dev/random" or to operate insecurely if you
use "/dev/urandom". What happens is that when too much randomness is drawn from the
operating system's randomness pool then randomness can temporarily be unavailable.
"/dev/random" solves this problem by waiting until enough randomness can be gathered - and
this can take a long time since blocking reduces activity in the machine and less activity
provides less random events: a vicious circle. "/dev/urandom" solves this dilemma more
pragmatically by simply returning predictable "random" numbers. Some" /dev/urandom"
emulation software however actually seems to implement "/dev/random" semantics. Caveat
emptor.
I've been pointed to two such daemons by Mik Firestone <mik@@speed.stdio._com> who has
used them on Solaris 8:
1. Entropy Gathering Daemon (EGD) at <http://www.lothar.com/tech/crypto/>
2. Pseudo-random number generating daemon (PRNGD) at
<http://www.aet.tu-cottbus.de/personen/jaenicke/postfix_tls/prngd.html>
If you are using the low level API functions to communicate with other SSL
implementations, you would do well to call
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options($ctx, &Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL)
or die_if_ssl_error("ssl ctx set options");
to cope with some well know bugs in some other SSL implementations. The high level API
functions always set all known compatibility options.
Sometimes "sslcat()" (and the high level HTTPS functions that build on it) is too fast in
signaling the EOF to legacy HTTPS servers. This causes the server to return empty page. To
work around this problem you can set the global variable
$Net::SSLeay::slowly = 1; # Add sleep so broken servers can keep up
HTTP/1.1 is not supported. Specifically this module does not know to issue or serve
multiple http requests per connection. This is a serious shortcoming, but using the SSL
session cache on your server helps to alleviate the CPU load somewhat.
As of version 1.09 many newer OpenSSL auxiliary functions were added (from
"REM_AUTOMATICALLY_GENERATED_1_09" onwards in "SSLeay.xs"). Unfortunately I have not had
any opportunity to test these. Some of them are trivial enough that I believe they "just
work", but others have rather complex interfaces with function pointers and all. In these
cases you should proceed wit great caution.
This module defaults to using OpenSSL automatic protocol negotiation code for
automatically detecting the version of the SSL/TLS protocol that the other end talks. With
most web servers this works just fine, but once in a while I get complaints from people
that the module does not work with some web servers. Usually this can be solved by
explicitly setting the protocol version, e.g.
$Net::SSLeay::ssl_version = 2; # Insist on SSLv2
$Net::SSLeay::ssl_version = 3; # Insist on SSLv3
$Net::SSLeay::ssl_version = 10; # Insist on TLSv1
$Net::SSLeay::ssl_version = 11; # Insist on TLSv1.1
$Net::SSLeay::ssl_version = 12; # Insist on TLSv1.2
$Net::SSLeay::ssl_version = 13; # Insist on TLSv1.3
Although the autonegotiation is nice to have, the SSL standards do not formally specify
any such mechanism. Most of the world has accepted the SSLeay/OpenSSL way of doing it as
the de facto standard. But for the few that think differently, you have to explicitly
speak the correct version. This is not really a bug, but rather a deficiency in the
standards. If a site refuses to respond or sends back some nonsensical error codes (at the
SSL handshake level), try this option before mailing me.
On some systems, OpenSSL may be compiled without support for SSLv2. If this is the case,
Net::SSLeay will warn if ssl_version has been set to 2.
The high level API returns the certificate of the peer, thus allowing one to check what
certificate was supplied. However, you will only be able to check the certificate after
the fact, i.e. you already sent your form data by the time you find out that you did not
trust them, oops.
So, while being able to know the certificate after the fact is surely useful, the security
minded would still choose to do the connection and certificate verification first and only
then exchange data with the site. Currently none of the high level API functions do this,
thus you would have to program it using the low level API. A good place to start is to see
how the "Net::SSLeay::http_cat()" function is implemented.
The high level API functions use a global file handle "SSLCAT_S" internally. This really
should not be a problem because there is no way to interleave the high level API
functions, unless you use threads (but threads are not very well supported in perl
anyway). However, you may run into problems if you call undocumented internal functions in
an interleaved fashion. The best solution is to "require Net::SSLeay" in one thread after
all the threads have been created.
DIAGNOSTICS
Random number generator not seeded!!!
(W) This warning indicates that "randomize()" was not able to read "/dev/random" or
"/dev/urandom", possibly because your system does not have them or they are
differently named. You can still use SSL, but the encryption will not be as strong.
open_tcp_connection: destination host not found:`server' (port 123) ($!)
Name lookup for host named "server" failed.
open_tcp_connection: failed `server', 123 ($!)
The name was resolved, but establishing the TCP connection failed.
msg 123: 1 - error:140770F8:SSL routines:SSL23_GET_SERVER_HELLO:unknown proto
SSLeay error string. The first number (123) is the PID, the second number (1)
indicates the position of the error message in SSLeay error stack. You often see a
pile of these messages as errors cascade.
msg 123: 1 - error:02001002::lib(2) :func(1) :reason(2)
The same as above, but you didn't call load_error_strings() so SSLeay couldn't
verbosely explain the error. You can still find out what it means with this command:
/usr/local/ssl/bin/ssleay errstr 02001002
Password is being asked for private key
This is normal behaviour if your private key is encrypted. Either you have to supply
the password or you have to use an unencrypted private key. Scan OpenSSL.org for the
FAQ that explains how to do this (or just study examples/makecert.pl which is used
during "make test" to do just that).
SECURITY
You can mitigate some of the security vulnerabilities that might be present in your
SSL/TLS application:
BEAST Attack
http://blogs.cisco.com/security/beat-the-beast-with-tls/
https://community.qualys.com/blogs/securitylabs/2011/10/17/mitigating-the-beast-attack-on-tls
http://blog.zoller.lu/2011/09/beast-summary-tls-cbc-countermeasures.html
The BEAST attack relies on a weakness in the way CBC mode is used in SSL/TLS. In OpenSSL
versions 0.9.6d and later, the protocol-level mitigation is enabled by default, thus
making it not vulnerable to the BEAST attack.
Solutions:
• Compile with OpenSSL versions 0.9.6d or later, which enables SSL_OP_ALL by default
• Ensure SSL_OP_DONT_INSERT_EMPTY_FRAGMENTS is not enabled (its not enabled by default)
• Don't support SSLv2, SSLv3
• Actively control the ciphers your server supports with set_cipher_list:
Net::SSLeay::set_cipher_list($ssl, 'RC4-SHA:HIGH:!ADH');
Session Resumption
http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_options.html
The SSL Labs vulnerability test on your SSL server might report in red:
Session resumption No (IDs assigned but not accepted)
This report is not really bug or a vulnerability, since the server will not accept session
resumption requests. However, you can prevent this noise in the report by disabling the
session cache altogether: Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_session_cache_mode($ssl_ctx,
Net::SSLeay::SESS_CACHE_OFF()); Use 0 if you don't have SESS_CACHE_OFF constant.
Secure Renegotiation and DoS Attack
https://community.qualys.com/blogs/securitylabs/2011/10/31/tls-renegotiation-and-denial-of-service-attacks
This is not a "security flaw," it is more of a DoS vulnerability.
Solutions:
• Do not support SSLv2
• Do not set the SSL_OP_ALLOW_UNSAFE_LEGACY_RENEGOTIATION option
• Compile with OpenSSL 0.9.8m or later
BUGS
If you encounter a problem with this module that you believe is a bug, please create a new
issue <https://github.com/radiator-software/p5-net-ssleay/issues/new> in the Net-SSLeay
GitHub repository. Please make sure your bug report includes the following information:
• the code you are trying to run;
• your operating system name and version;
• the output of "perl -V";
• the version of OpenSSL or LibreSSL you are using.
AUTHOR
Originally written by Sampo Kellomäki.
Maintained by Florian Ragwitz between November 2005 and January 2010.
Maintained by Mike McCauley between November 2005 and June 2018.
Maintained by Chris Novakovic, Tuure Vartiainen and Heikki Vatiainen since June 2018.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (c) 1996-2003 Sampo Kellomäki <sampo@iki.fi>
Copyright (c) 2005-2010 Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org>
Copyright (c) 2005-2018 Mike McCauley <mikem@airspayce.com>
Copyright (c) 2018- Chris Novakovic <chris@chrisn.me.uk>
Copyright (c) 2018- Tuure Vartiainen <vartiait@radiatorsoftware.com>
Copyright (c) 2018- Heikki Vatiainen <hvn@radiatorsoftware.com>
All rights reserved.
LICENSE
This module is released under the terms of the Artistic License 2.0. For details, see the
"LICENSE" file distributed with Net-SSLeay's source code.
SEE ALSO
Net::SSLeay::Handle - File handle interface
./examples - Example servers and a clients
<http://www.openssl.org/> - OpenSSL source, documentation, etc
openssl-users-request@openssl.org - General OpenSSL mailing list
<http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2246.txt> - TLS 1.0 specification
<http://www.w3c.org> - HTTP specifications
<http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2617.txt> - How to send password
<http://www.lothar.com/tech/crypto/> - Entropy Gathering Daemon (EGD)
<http://www.aet.tu-cottbus.de/personen/jaenicke/postfix_tls/prngd.html>
- pseudo-random number generating daemon (PRNGD)
perl(1)
perlref(1)
perllol(1)
perldoc ~openssl/doc/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_verify.pod