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NAME
SIMPLEQ_EMPTY, SIMPLEQ_ENTRY, SIMPLEQ_FIRST, SIMPLEQ_FOREACH, SIMPLEQ_HEAD,
SIMPLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER, SIMPLEQ_INIT, SIMPLEQ_INSERT_AFTER, SIMPLEQ_INSERT_HEAD,
SIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL, SIMPLEQ_NEXT, SIMPLEQ_REMOVE, SIMPLEQ_REMOVE_HEAD, STAILQ_CONCAT,
STAILQ_EMPTY, STAILQ_ENTRY, STAILQ_FIRST, STAILQ_FOREACH, STAILQ_HEAD,
STAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER, STAILQ_INIT, STAILQ_INSERT_AFTER, STAILQ_INSERT_HEAD,
STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL, STAILQ_NEXT, STAILQ_REMOVE, STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD, - implementation of a
singly linked tail queue
SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/queue.h>
STAILQ_ENTRY(TYPE);
STAILQ_HEAD(HEADNAME, TYPE);
STAILQ_HEAD STAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(STAILQ_HEAD head);
void STAILQ_INIT(STAILQ_HEAD *head);
int STAILQ_EMPTY(STAILQ_HEAD *head);
void STAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(STAILQ_HEAD *head,
struct TYPE *elm, STAILQ_ENTRY NAME);
void STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(STAILQ_HEAD *head,
struct TYPE *elm, STAILQ_ENTRY NAME);
void STAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(STAILQ_HEAD *head, struct TYPE *listelm,
struct TYPE *elm, STAILQ_ENTRY NAME);
struct TYPE *STAILQ_FIRST(STAILQ_HEAD *head);
struct TYPE *STAILQ_NEXT(struct TYPE *elm, STAILQ_ENTRY NAME);
STAILQ_FOREACH(struct TYPE *var, STAILQ_HEAD *head, STAILQ_ENTRY NAME);
void STAILQ_REMOVE(STAILQ_HEAD *head, struct TYPE *elm, TYPE,
STAILQ_ENTRY NAME);
void STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD(STAILQ_HEAD *head,
STAILQ_ENTRY NAME);
void STAILQ_CONCAT(STAILQ_HEAD *head1, STAILQ_HEAD *head2);
Note: Identical macros prefixed with SIMPLEQ instead of STAILQ exist; see NOTES.
DESCRIPTION
These macros define and operate on singly linked tail queues.
In the macro definitions, TYPE is the name of a user-defined structure, that must contain
a field of type STAILQ_ENTRY, named NAME. The argument HEADNAME is the name of a user-
defined structure that must be declared using the macro STAILQ_HEAD().
Creation
A singly linked tail queue is headed by a structure defined by the STAILQ_HEAD() macro.
This structure contains a pair of pointers, one to the first element in the tail queue and
the other to the last element in the tail queue. The elements are singly linked for
minimum space and pointer manipulation overhead at the expense of O(n) removal for
arbitrary elements. New elements can be added to the tail queue after an existing
element, at the head of the tail queue, or at the end of the tail queue. A STAILQ_HEAD
structure is declared as follows:
STAILQ_HEAD(HEADNAME, TYPE) head;
where struct HEADNAME is the structure to be defined, and struct TYPE is the type of the
elements to be linked into the tail queue. A pointer to the head of the tail queue can
later be declared as:
struct HEADNAME *headp;
(The names head and headp are user selectable.)
STAILQ_ENTRY() declares a structure that connects the elements in the tail queue.
STAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER() evaluates to an initializer for the tail queue head.
STAILQ_INIT() initializes the tail queue referenced by head.
STAILQ_EMPTY() evaluates to true if there are no items on the tail queue.
Insertion
STAILQ_INSERT_HEAD() inserts the new element elm at the head of the tail queue.
STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL() inserts the new element elm at the end of the tail queue.
STAILQ_INSERT_AFTER() inserts the new element elm after the element listelm.
Traversal
STAILQ_FIRST() returns the first item on the tail queue or NULL if the tail queue is
empty.
STAILQ_NEXT() returns the next item on the tail queue, or NULL this item is the last.
STAILQ_FOREACH() traverses the tail queue referenced by head in the forward direction,
assigning each element in turn to var.
Removal
STAILQ_REMOVE() removes the element elm from the tail queue.
STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD() removes the element at the head of the tail queue. For optimum
efficiency, elements being removed from the head of the tail queue should use this macro
explicitly rather than the generic STAILQ_REMOVE() macro.
Other features
STAILQ_CONCAT() concatenates the tail queue headed by head2 onto the end of the one headed
by head1 removing all entries from the former.
RETURN VALUE
STAILQ_EMPTY() returns nonzero if the queue is empty, and zero if the queue contains at
least one entry.
STAILQ_FIRST(), and STAILQ_NEXT() return a pointer to the first or next TYPE structure,
respectively.
STAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER() returns an initializer that can be assigned to the queue head.
CONFORMING TO
Not in POSIX.1, POSIX.1-2001, or POSIX.1-2008. Present on the BSDs (STAILQ macros first
appeared in 4.4BSD).
NOTES
Some BSDs provide SIMPLEQ instead of STAILQ. They are identical, but for historical
reasons they were named differently on different BSDs. STAILQ originated on FreeBSD, and
SIMPLEQ originated on NetBSD. For compatibility reasons, some systems provide both sets
of macros. Glibc provides both STAILQ and SIMPLEQ, which are identical except for a
missing SIMPLEQ equivalent to STAILQ_CONCAT().
BUGS
STAILQ_FOREACH() doesn't allow var to be removed or freed within the loop, as it would
interfere with the traversal. STAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(), which is present on the BSDs but is
not present in glibc, fixes this limitation by allowing var to safely be removed from the
list and freed from within the loop without interfering with the traversal.
EXAMPLES
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/queue.h>
struct entry {
int data;
STAILQ_ENTRY(entry) entries; /* Singly linked tail queue */
};
STAILQ_HEAD(stailhead, entry);
int
main(void)
{
struct entry *n1, *n2, *n3, *np;
struct stailhead head; /* Singly linked tail queue
head */
STAILQ_INIT(&head); /* Initialize the queue */
n1 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert at the head */
STAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&head, n1, entries);
n1 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert at the tail */
STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&head, n1, entries);
n2 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert after */
STAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&head, n1, n2, entries);
STAILQ_REMOVE(&head, n2, entry, entries); /* Deletion */
free(n2);
n3 = STAILQ_FIRST(&head);
STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD(&head, entries); /* Deletion from the head */
free(n3);
n1 = STAILQ_FIRST(&head);
n1->data = 0;
for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++) {
n1 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry));
STAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&head, n1, entries);
n1->data = i;
}
/* Forward traversal */
STAILQ_FOREACH(np, &head, entries)
printf("%i\n", np->data);
/* TailQ deletion */
n1 = STAILQ_FIRST(&head);
while (n1 != NULL) {
n2 = STAILQ_NEXT(n1, entries);
free(n1);
n1 = n2;
}
STAILQ_INIT(&head);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
SEE ALSO
insque(3), queue(7)
COLOPHON
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