Provided by: systemd_252.5-2ubuntu3_amd64 
NAME
systemd.netdev - Virtual Network Device configuration
SYNOPSIS
netdev.netdev
DESCRIPTION
A plain ini-style text file that encodes configuration about a virtual network device,
used by systemd-networkd(8). See systemd.syntax(7) for a general description of the
syntax.
The main Virtual Network Device file must have the extension .netdev; other extensions are
ignored. Virtual network devices are created as soon as networkd is started. If a netdev
with the specified name already exists, networkd will use that as-is rather than create
its own. Note that the settings of the pre-existing netdev will not be changed by
networkd.
The .netdev files are read from the files located in the system network directory
/lib/systemd/network and /usr/local/lib/systemd/network, the volatile runtime network
directory /run/systemd/network and the local administration network directory
/etc/systemd/network. All configuration files are collectively sorted and processed in
alphanumeric order, regardless of the directories in which they live. However, files with
identical filenames replace each other. It is recommended that each filename is prefixed
with a number (e.g. 10-vlan.netdev). Otherwise, .netdev files generated by systemd-
network-generator.service(8) may take precedence over user configured files. Files in
/etc/ have the highest priority, files in /run/ take precedence over files with the same
name in /lib/. This can be used to override a system-supplied configuration file with a
local file if needed. As a special case, an empty file (file size 0) or symlink with the
same name pointing to /dev/null disables the configuration file entirely (it is "masked").
Along with the netdev file foo.netdev, a "drop-in" directory foo.netdev.d/ may exist. All
files with the suffix ".conf" from this directory will be merged in the alphanumeric order
and parsed after the main file itself has been parsed. This is useful to alter or add
configuration settings, without having to modify the main configuration file. Each drop-in
file must have appropriate section headers.
In addition to /etc/systemd/network, drop-in ".d" directories can be placed in
/lib/systemd/network or /run/systemd/network directories. Drop-in files in /etc/ take
precedence over those in /run/ which in turn take precedence over those in /lib/. Drop-in
files under any of these directories take precedence over the main netdev file wherever
located. (Of course, since /run/ is temporary and /usr/lib/ is for vendors, it is unlikely
drop-ins should be used in either of those places.)
SUPPORTED NETDEV KINDS
The following kinds of virtual network devices may be configured in .netdev files:
Table 1. Supported kinds of virtual network devices
┌──────────┬──────────────────────────────────┐
│Kind │ Description │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│bond │ A bond device is an aggregation │
│ │ of all its slave devices. See │
│ │ Linux Ethernet Bonding Driver │
│ │ HOWTO[1] for details. │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│bridge │ A bridge device is a software │
│ │ switch, and each of its slave │
│ │ devices and the bridge itself │
│ │ are ports of the switch. │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│dummy │ A dummy device drops all packets │
│ │ sent to it. │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│gre │ A Level 3 GRE tunnel over IPv4. │
│ │ See RFC 2784[2] for details. │
│ │ Name "gre0" should not be used, │
│ │ as the kernel creates a device │
│ │ with this name when the │
│ │ corresponding kernel module is │
│ │ loaded. │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│gretap │ A Level 2 GRE tunnel over IPv4. │
│ │ Name "gretap0" should not be │
│ │ used, as the kernel creates a │
│ │ device with this name when the │
│ │ corresponding kernel module is │
│ │ loaded. │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│erspan │ ERSPAN mirrors traffic on one or │
│ │ more source ports and delivers │
│ │ the mirrored traffic to one or │
│ │ more destination ports on │
│ │ another switch. The traffic is │
│ │ encapsulated in generic routing │
│ │ encapsulation (GRE) and is │
│ │ therefore routable across a │
│ │ layer 3 network between the │
│ │ source switch and the │
│ │ destination switch. Name │
│ │ "erspan0" should not be used, as │
│ │ the kernel creates a device with │
│ │ this name when the corresponding │
│ │ kernel module is loaded. │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│ip6gre │ A Level 3 GRE tunnel over IPv6. │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│ip6tnl │ An IPv4 or IPv6 tunnel over IPv6 │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│ip6gretap │ A Level 2 GRE tunnel over IPv6. │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│ipip │ An IPv4 over IPv4 tunnel. │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│ipvlan │ An IPVLAN device is a stacked │
│ │ device which receives packets │
│ │ from its underlying device based │
│ │ on IP address filtering. │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│ipvtap │ An IPVTAP device is a stacked │
│ │ device which receives packets │
│ │ from its underlying device based │
│ │ on IP address filtering and can │
│ │ be accessed using the tap user │
│ │ space interface. │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│macvlan │ A macvlan device is a stacked │
│ │ device which receives packets │
│ │ from its underlying device based │
│ │ on MAC address filtering. │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│macvtap │ A macvtap device is a stacked │
│ │ device which receives packets │
│ │ from its underlying device based │
│ │ on MAC address filtering. │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│sit │ An IPv6 over IPv4 tunnel. │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│tap │ A persistent Level 2 tunnel │
│ │ between a network device and a │
│ │ device node. │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│tun │ A persistent Level 3 tunnel │
│ │ between a network device and a │
│ │ device node. │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│veth │ An Ethernet tunnel between a │
│ │ pair of network devices. │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│vlan │ A VLAN is a stacked device which │
│ │ receives packets from its │
│ │ underlying device based on VLAN │
│ │ tagging. See IEEE 802.1Q[3] for │
│ │ details. │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│vti │ An IPv4 over IPSec tunnel. │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│vti6 │ An IPv6 over IPSec tunnel. │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│vxlan │ A virtual extensible LAN │
│ │ (vxlan), for connecting Cloud │
│ │ computing deployments. │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│geneve │ A GEneric NEtwork Virtualization │
│ │ Encapsulation (GENEVE) netdev │
│ │ driver. │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│l2tp │ A Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol │
│ │ (L2TP) is a tunneling protocol │
│ │ used to support virtual private │
│ │ networks (VPNs) or as part of │
│ │ the delivery of services by │
│ │ ISPs. It does not provide any │
│ │ encryption or confidentiality by │
│ │ itself │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│macsec │ Media Access Control Security │
│ │ (MACsec) is an 802.1AE IEEE │
│ │ industry-standard security │
│ │ technology that provides secure │
│ │ communication for all traffic on │
│ │ Ethernet links. MACsec provides │
│ │ point-to-point security on │
│ │ Ethernet links between directly │
│ │ connected nodes and is capable │
│ │ of identifying and preventing │
│ │ most security threats. │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│vrf │ A Virtual Routing and Forwarding │
│ │ (VRF[4]) interface to create │
│ │ separate routing and forwarding │
│ │ domains. │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│vcan │ The virtual CAN driver (vcan). │
│ │ Similar to the network loopback │
│ │ devices, vcan offers a virtual │
│ │ local CAN interface. │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│vxcan │ The virtual CAN tunnel driver │
│ │ (vxcan). Similar to the virtual │
│ │ ethernet driver veth, vxcan │
│ │ implements a local CAN traffic │
│ │ tunnel between two virtual CAN │
│ │ network devices. When creating a │
│ │ vxcan, two vxcan devices are │
│ │ created as pair. When one end │
│ │ receives the packet it appears │
│ │ on its pair and vice versa. The │
│ │ vxcan can be used for cross │
│ │ namespace communication. │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│wireguard │ WireGuard Secure Network Tunnel. │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│nlmon │ A Netlink monitor device. Use an │
│ │ nlmon device when you want to │
│ │ monitor system Netlink messages. │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│fou │ Foo-over-UDP tunneling. │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│xfrm │ A virtual tunnel interface like │
│ │ vti/vti6 but with several │
│ │ advantages. │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│ifb │ The Intermediate Functional │
│ │ Block (ifb) pseudo network │
│ │ interface acts as a QoS │
│ │ concentrator for multiple │
│ │ different sources of traffic. │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│bareudp │ Bare UDP tunnels provide a │
│ │ generic L3 encapsulation support │
│ │ for tunnelling different L3 │
│ │ protocols like MPLS, IP etc. │
│ │ inside of an UDP tunnel. │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│batadv │ B.A.T.M.A.N. Advanced[5] is a │
│ │ routing protocol for multi-hop │
│ │ mobile ad-hoc networks which │
│ │ operates on layer 2. │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│ipoib │ An IP over Infiniband │
│ │ subinterface. │
├──────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│wlan │ A virtual wireless network │
│ │ (WLAN) interface. │
└──────────┴──────────────────────────────────┘
[MATCH] SECTION OPTIONS
A virtual network device is only created if the [Match] section matches the current
environment, or if the section is empty. The following keys are accepted:
Host=
Matches against the hostname or machine ID of the host. See ConditionHost= in
systemd.unit(5) for details. When prefixed with an exclamation mark ("!"), the result
is negated. If an empty string is assigned, the previously assigned value is cleared.
Virtualization=
Checks whether the system is executed in a virtualized environment and optionally test
whether it is a specific implementation. See ConditionVirtualization= in
systemd.unit(5) for details. When prefixed with an exclamation mark ("!"), the result
is negated. If an empty string is assigned, the previously assigned value is cleared.
KernelCommandLine=
Checks whether a specific kernel command line option is set. See
ConditionKernelCommandLine= in systemd.unit(5) for details. When prefixed with an
exclamation mark ("!"), the result is negated. If an empty string is assigned, the
previously assigned value is cleared.
KernelVersion=
Checks whether the kernel version (as reported by uname -r) matches a certain
expression. See ConditionKernelVersion= in systemd.unit(5) for details. When prefixed
with an exclamation mark ("!"), the result is negated. If an empty string is assigned,
the previously assigned value is cleared.
Credential=
Checks whether the specified credential was passed to the systemd-networkd.service
service. See System and Service Credentials[6] for details. When prefixed with an
exclamation mark ("!"), the result is negated. If an empty string is assigned, the
previously assigned value is cleared.
Architecture=
Checks whether the system is running on a specific architecture. See
ConditionArchitecture= in systemd.unit(5) for details. When prefixed with an
exclamation mark ("!"), the result is negated. If an empty string is assigned, the
previously assigned value is cleared.
Firmware=
Checks whether the system is running on a machine with the specified firmware. See
ConditionFirmware= in systemd.unit(5) for details. When prefixed with an exclamation
mark ("!"), the result is negated. If an empty string is assigned, the previously
assigned value is cleared.
[NETDEV] SECTION OPTIONS
The [NetDev] section accepts the following keys:
Description=
A free-form description of the netdev.
Name=
The interface name used when creating the netdev. This setting is compulsory.
Kind=
The netdev kind. This setting is compulsory. See the "Supported netdev kinds" section
for the valid keys.
MTUBytes=
The maximum transmission unit in bytes to set for the device. The usual suffixes K, M,
G are supported and are understood to the base of 1024. For "tun" or "tap" devices,
MTUBytes= setting is not currently supported in [NetDev] section. Please specify it in
[Link] section of corresponding systemd.network(5) files.
MACAddress=
Specifies the MAC address to use for the device, or takes the special value "none".
When "none", systemd-networkd does not request the MAC address for the device, and the
kernel will assign a random MAC address. For "tun", "tap", or "l2tp" devices, the
MACAddress= setting in the [NetDev] section is not supported and will be ignored.
Please specify it in the [Link] section of the corresponding systemd.network(5) file.
If this option is not set, "vlan" device inherits the MAC address of the master
interface. For other kind of netdevs, if this option is not set, then the MAC address
is generated based on the interface name and the machine-id(5).
Note, even if "none" is specified, systemd-udevd will assign the persistent MAC
address for the device, as 99-default.link has MACAddressPolicy=persistent. So, it is
also necessary to create a custom .link file for the device, if the MAC address
assignment is not desired.
[BRIDGE] SECTION OPTIONS
The [Bridge] section only applies for netdevs of kind "bridge", and accepts the following
keys:
HelloTimeSec=
HelloTimeSec specifies the number of seconds between two hello packets sent out by the
root bridge and the designated bridges. Hello packets are used to communicate
information about the topology throughout the entire bridged local area network.
MaxAgeSec=
MaxAgeSec specifies the number of seconds of maximum message age. If the last seen
(received) hello packet is more than this number of seconds old, the bridge in
question will start the takeover procedure in attempt to become the Root Bridge
itself.
ForwardDelaySec=
ForwardDelaySec specifies the number of seconds spent in each of the Listening and
Learning states before the Forwarding state is entered.
AgeingTimeSec=
This specifies the number of seconds a MAC Address will be kept in the forwarding
database after having a packet received from this MAC Address.
Priority=
The priority of the bridge. An integer between 0 and 65535. A lower value means higher
priority. The bridge having the lowest priority will be elected as root bridge.
GroupForwardMask=
A 16-bit bitmask represented as an integer which allows forwarding of link local
frames with 802.1D reserved addresses (01:80:C2:00:00:0X). A logical AND is performed
between the specified bitmask and the exponentiation of 2^X, the lower nibble of the
last octet of the MAC address. For example, a value of 8 would allow forwarding of
frames addressed to 01:80:C2:00:00:03 (802.1X PAE).
DefaultPVID=
This specifies the default port VLAN ID of a newly attached bridge port. Set this to
an integer in the range 1...4094 or "none" to disable the PVID.
MulticastQuerier=
Takes a boolean. This setting controls the IFLA_BR_MCAST_QUERIER option in the kernel.
If enabled, the kernel will send general ICMP queries from a zero source address. This
feature should allow faster convergence on startup, but it causes some multicast-aware
switches to misbehave and disrupt forwarding of multicast packets. When unset, the
kernel's default will be used.
MulticastSnooping=
Takes a boolean. This setting controls the IFLA_BR_MCAST_SNOOPING option in the
kernel. If enabled, IGMP snooping monitors the Internet Group Management Protocol
(IGMP) traffic between hosts and multicast routers. When unset, the kernel's default
will be used.
VLANFiltering=
Takes a boolean. This setting controls the IFLA_BR_VLAN_FILTERING option in the
kernel. If enabled, the bridge will be started in VLAN-filtering mode. When unset, the
kernel's default will be used.
VLANProtocol=
Allows setting the protocol used for VLAN filtering. Takes 802.1q or, 802.1ad, and
defaults to unset and kernel's default is used.
STP=
Takes a boolean. This enables the bridge's Spanning Tree Protocol (STP). When unset,
the kernel's default will be used.
MulticastIGMPVersion=
Allows changing bridge's multicast Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) version.
Takes an integer 2 or 3. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.
[VLAN] SECTION OPTIONS
The [VLAN] section only applies for netdevs of kind "vlan", and accepts the following key:
Id=
The VLAN ID to use. An integer in the range 0...4094. This setting is compulsory.
Protocol=
Allows setting the protocol used for the VLAN interface. Takes "802.1q" or, "802.1ad",
and defaults to unset and kernel's default is used.
GVRP=
Takes a boolean. The Generic VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP) is a protocol that
allows automatic learning of VLANs on a network. When unset, the kernel's default will
be used.
MVRP=
Takes a boolean. Multiple VLAN Registration Protocol (MVRP) formerly known as GARP
VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP) is a standards-based Layer 2 network protocol, for
automatic configuration of VLAN information on switches. It was defined in the 802.1ak
amendment to 802.1Q-2005. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.
LooseBinding=
Takes a boolean. The VLAN loose binding mode, in which only the operational state is
passed from the parent to the associated VLANs, but the VLAN device state is not
changed. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.
ReorderHeader=
Takes a boolean. When enabled, the VLAN reorder header is used and VLAN interfaces
behave like physical interfaces. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.
EgressQOSMaps=, IngressQOSMaps=
Defines a mapping of Linux internal packet priority (SO_PRIORITY) to VLAN header PCP
field for outgoing and incoming frames, respectively. Takes a whitespace-separated
list of integer pairs, where each integer must be in the range 1...4294967294, in the
format "from"-"to", e.g., "21-7 45-5". Note that "from" must be greater than or equal
to "to". When unset, the kernel's default will be used.
[MACVLAN] SECTION OPTIONS
The [MACVLAN] section only applies for netdevs of kind "macvlan", and accepts the
following key:
Mode=
The MACVLAN mode to use. The supported options are "private", "vepa", "bridge",
"passthru", and "source".
SourceMACAddress=
A whitespace-separated list of remote hardware addresses allowed on the MACVLAN. This
option only has an effect in source mode. Use full colon-, hyphen- or dot-delimited
hexadecimal. This option may appear more than once, in which case the lists are
merged. If the empty string is assigned to this option, the list of hardware addresses
defined prior to this is reset. Defaults to unset.
BroadcastMulticastQueueLength=
Specifies the length of the receive queue for broadcast/multicast packets. An unsigned
integer in the range 0...4294967294. Defaults to unset.
[MACVTAP] SECTION OPTIONS
The [MACVTAP] section applies for netdevs of kind "macvtap" and accepts the same keys as
[MACVLAN].
[IPVLAN] SECTION OPTIONS
The [IPVLAN] section only applies for netdevs of kind "ipvlan", and accepts the following
key:
Mode=
The IPVLAN mode to use. The supported options are "L2","L3" and "L3S".
Flags=
The IPVLAN flags to use. The supported options are "bridge","private" and "vepa".
[IPVTAP] SECTION OPTIONS
The [IPVTAP] section only applies for netdevs of kind "ipvtap" and accepts the same keys
as [IPVLAN].
[VXLAN] SECTION OPTIONS
The [VXLAN] section only applies for netdevs of kind "vxlan", and accepts the following
keys:
VNI=
The VXLAN Network Identifier (or VXLAN Segment ID). Takes a number in the range
1...16777215.
Remote=
Configures destination IP address.
Local=
Configures local IP address. It must be an address on the underlying interface of the
VXLAN interface, or one of the special values "ipv4_link_local", "ipv6_link_local",
"dhcp4", "dhcp6", and "slaac". If one of the special values is specified, an address
which matches the corresponding type on the underlying interface will be used.
Defaults to unset.
Group=
Configures VXLAN multicast group IP address. All members of a VXLAN must use the same
multicast group address.
TOS=
The Type Of Service byte value for a vxlan interface.
TTL=
A fixed Time To Live N on Virtual eXtensible Local Area Network packets. Takes
"inherit" or a number in the range 0...255. 0 is a special value meaning inherit the
inner protocol's TTL value. "inherit" means that it will inherit the outer protocol's
TTL value.
MacLearning=
Takes a boolean. When true, enables dynamic MAC learning to discover remote MAC
addresses.
FDBAgeingSec=
The lifetime of Forwarding Database entry learnt by the kernel, in seconds.
MaximumFDBEntries=
Configures maximum number of FDB entries.
ReduceARPProxy=
Takes a boolean. When true, bridge-connected VXLAN tunnel endpoint answers ARP
requests from the local bridge on behalf of remote Distributed Overlay Virtual
Ethernet (DOVE)[7] clients. Defaults to false.
L2MissNotification=
Takes a boolean. When true, enables netlink LLADDR miss notifications.
L3MissNotification=
Takes a boolean. When true, enables netlink IP address miss notifications.
RouteShortCircuit=
Takes a boolean. When true, route short circuiting is turned on.
UDPChecksum=
Takes a boolean. When true, transmitting UDP checksums when doing VXLAN/IPv4 is turned
on.
UDP6ZeroChecksumTx=
Takes a boolean. When true, sending zero checksums in VXLAN/IPv6 is turned on.
UDP6ZeroChecksumRx=
Takes a boolean. When true, receiving zero checksums in VXLAN/IPv6 is turned on.
RemoteChecksumTx=
Takes a boolean. When true, remote transmit checksum offload of VXLAN is turned on.
RemoteChecksumRx=
Takes a boolean. When true, remote receive checksum offload in VXLAN is turned on.
GroupPolicyExtension=
Takes a boolean. When true, it enables Group Policy VXLAN extension security label
mechanism across network peers based on VXLAN. For details about the Group Policy
VXLAN, see the VXLAN Group Policy[8] document. Defaults to false.
GenericProtocolExtension=
Takes a boolean. When true, Generic Protocol Extension extends the existing VXLAN
protocol to provide protocol typing, OAM, and versioning capabilities. For details
about the VXLAN GPE Header, see the Generic Protocol Extension for VXLAN[9] document.
If destination port is not specified and Generic Protocol Extension is set then
default port of 4790 is used. Defaults to false.
DestinationPort=
Configures the default destination UDP port. If the destination port is not specified
then Linux kernel default will be used. Set to 4789 to get the IANA assigned value.
PortRange=
Configures the source port range for the VXLAN. The kernel assigns the source UDP port
based on the flow to help the receiver to do load balancing. When this option is not
set, the normal range of local UDP ports is used.
FlowLabel=
Specifies the flow label to use in outgoing packets. The valid range is 0-1048575.
IPDoNotFragment=
Allows setting the IPv4 Do not Fragment (DF) bit in outgoing packets, or to inherit
its value from the IPv4 inner header. Takes a boolean value, or "inherit". Set to
"inherit" if the encapsulated protocol is IPv6. When unset, the kernel's default will
be used.
Independent=
Takes a boolean. When true, the vxlan interface is created without any underlying
network interface. Defaults to false, which means that a .network file that requests
this VXLAN interface using VXLAN= is required for the VXLAN to be created.
[GENEVE] SECTION OPTIONS
The [GENEVE] section only applies for netdevs of kind "geneve", and accepts the following
keys:
Id=
Specifies the Virtual Network Identifier (VNI) to use, a number between 0 and
16777215. This field is mandatory.
Remote=
Specifies the unicast destination IP address to use in outgoing packets.
TOS=
Specifies the TOS value to use in outgoing packets. Takes a number between 1 and 255.
TTL=
Accepts the same values as in the [VXLAN] section, except that when unset or set to 0,
the kernel's default will be used, meaning that packet TTL will be set from
/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_default_ttl.
UDPChecksum=
Takes a boolean. When true, specifies that UDP checksum is calculated for transmitted
packets over IPv4.
UDP6ZeroChecksumTx=
Takes a boolean. When true, skip UDP checksum calculation for transmitted packets over
IPv6.
UDP6ZeroChecksumRx=
Takes a boolean. When true, allows incoming UDP packets over IPv6 with zero checksum
field.
DestinationPort=
Specifies destination port. Defaults to 6081. If not set or assigned the empty string,
the default port of 6081 is used.
FlowLabel=
Specifies the flow label to use in outgoing packets.
IPDoNotFragment=
Accepts the same key as in [VXLAN] section.
[BAREUDP] SECTION OPTIONS
The [BareUDP] section only applies for netdevs of kind "bareudp", and accepts the
following keys:
DestinationPort=
Specifies the destination UDP port (in range 1...65535). This is mandatory.
EtherType=
Specifies the L3 protocol. Takes one of "ipv4", "ipv6", "mpls-uc" or "mpls-mc". This
is mandatory.
[L2TP] SECTION OPTIONS
The [L2TP] section only applies for netdevs of kind "l2tp", and accepts the following
keys:
TunnelId=
Specifies the tunnel identifier. Takes an number in the range 1...4294967295. The
value used must match the "PeerTunnelId=" value being used at the peer. This setting
is compulsory.
PeerTunnelId=
Specifies the peer tunnel id. Takes a number in the range 1...4294967295. The value
used must match the "TunnelId=" value being used at the peer. This setting is
compulsory.
Remote=
Specifies the IP address of the remote peer. This setting is compulsory.
Local=
Specifies the IP address of a local interface. Takes an IP address, or the special
values "auto", "static", or "dynamic". Optionally a name of a local interface can be
specified after "@", e.g. "192.168.0.1@eth0" or "auto@eth0". When an address is
specified, then a local or specified interface must have the address, and the remote
address must be accessible through the local address. If "auto", then one of the
addresses on a local or specified interface which is accessible to the remote address
will be used. Similarly, if "static" or "dynamic" is set, then one of the static or
dynamic addresses will be used. Defaults to "auto".
EncapsulationType=
Specifies the encapsulation type of the tunnel. Takes one of "udp" or "ip".
UDPSourcePort=
Specifies the UDP source port to be used for the tunnel. When UDP encapsulation is
selected it's mandatory. Ignored when IP encapsulation is selected.
UDPDestinationPort=
Specifies destination port. When UDP encapsulation is selected it's mandatory. Ignored
when IP encapsulation is selected.
UDPChecksum=
Takes a boolean. When true, specifies that UDP checksum is calculated for transmitted
packets over IPv4.
UDP6ZeroChecksumTx=
Takes a boolean. When true, skip UDP checksum calculation for transmitted packets over
IPv6.
UDP6ZeroChecksumRx=
Takes a boolean. When true, allows incoming UDP packets over IPv6 with zero checksum
field.
[L2TPSESSION] SECTION OPTIONS
The [L2TPSession] section only applies for netdevs of kind "l2tp", and accepts the
following keys:
Name=
Specifies the name of the session. This setting is compulsory.
SessionId=
Specifies the session identifier. Takes an number in the range 1...4294967295. The
value used must match the "SessionId=" value being used at the peer. This setting is
compulsory.
PeerSessionId=
Specifies the peer session identifier. Takes an number in the range 1...4294967295.
The value used must match the "PeerSessionId=" value being used at the peer. This
setting is compulsory.
Layer2SpecificHeader=
Specifies layer2specific header type of the session. One of "none" or "default".
Defaults to "default".
[MACSEC] SECTION OPTIONS
The [MACsec] section only applies for network devices of kind "macsec", and accepts the
following keys:
Port=
Specifies the port to be used for the MACsec transmit channel. The port is used to
make secure channel identifier (SCI). Takes a value between 1 and 65535. Defaults to
unset.
Encrypt=
Takes a boolean. When true, enable encryption. Defaults to unset.
[MACSECRECEIVECHANNEL] SECTION OPTIONS
The [MACsecReceiveChannel] section only applies for network devices of kind "macsec", and
accepts the following keys:
Port=
Specifies the port to be used for the MACsec receive channel. The port is used to make
secure channel identifier (SCI). Takes a value between 1 and 65535. This option is
compulsory, and is not set by default.
MACAddress=
Specifies the MAC address to be used for the MACsec receive channel. The MAC address
used to make secure channel identifier (SCI). This setting is compulsory, and is not
set by default.
[MACSECTRANSMITASSOCIATION] SECTION OPTIONS
The [MACsecTransmitAssociation] section only applies for network devices of kind "macsec",
and accepts the following keys:
PacketNumber=
Specifies the packet number to be used for replay protection and the construction of
the initialization vector (along with the secure channel identifier [SCI]). Takes a
value between 1-4,294,967,295. Defaults to unset.
KeyId=
Specifies the identification for the key. Takes a number between 0-255. This option is
compulsory, and is not set by default.
Key=
Specifies the encryption key used in the transmission channel. The same key must be
configured on the peer’s matching receive channel. This setting is compulsory, and is
not set by default. Takes a 128-bit key encoded in a hexadecimal string, for example
"dffafc8d7b9a43d5b9a3dfbbf6a30c16".
KeyFile=
Takes an absolute path to a file which contains a 128-bit key encoded in a hexadecimal
string, which will be used in the transmission channel. When this option is specified,
Key= is ignored. Note that the file must be readable by the user "systemd-network", so
it should be, e.g., owned by "root:systemd-network" with a "0640" file mode. If the
path refers to an AF_UNIX stream socket in the file system a connection is made to it
and the key read from it.
Activate=
Takes a boolean. If enabled, then the security association is activated. Defaults to
unset.
UseForEncoding=
Takes a boolean. If enabled, then the security association is used for encoding. Only
one [MACsecTransmitAssociation] section can enable this option. When enabled,
Activate=yes is implied. Defaults to unset.
[MACSECRECEIVEASSOCIATION] SECTION OPTIONS
The [MACsecReceiveAssociation] section only applies for network devices of kind "macsec",
and accepts the following keys:
Port=
Accepts the same key as in [MACsecReceiveChannel] section.
MACAddress=
Accepts the same key as in [MACsecReceiveChannel] section.
PacketNumber=
Accepts the same key as in [MACsecTransmitAssociation] section.
KeyId=
Accepts the same key as in [MACsecTransmitAssociation] section.
Key=
Accepts the same key as in [MACsecTransmitAssociation] section.
KeyFile=
Accepts the same key as in [MACsecTransmitAssociation] section.
Activate=
Accepts the same key as in [MACsecTransmitAssociation] section.
[TUNNEL] SECTION OPTIONS
The [Tunnel] section only applies for netdevs of kind "ipip", "sit", "gre", "gretap",
"ip6gre", "ip6gretap", "vti", "vti6", "ip6tnl", and "erspan" and accepts the following
keys:
External=
Takes a boolean value. When true, then the tunnel is externally controlled, which is
also known as collect metadata mode, and most settings below like Local= or Remote=
are ignored. This implies Independent=. Defaults to false.
Local=
A static local address for tunneled packets. It must be an address on another
interface of this host, or one of the special values "any", "ipv4_link_local",
"ipv6_link_local", "dhcp4", "dhcp6", and "slaac". If one of the special values except
for "any" is specified, an address which matches the corresponding type on the
underlying interface will be used. Defaults to "any".
Remote=
The remote endpoint of the tunnel. Takes an IP address or the special value "any".
TOS=
The Type Of Service byte value for a tunnel interface. For details about the TOS, see
the Type of Service in the Internet Protocol Suite[10] document.
TTL=
A fixed Time To Live N on tunneled packets. N is a number in the range 1...255. 0 is a
special value meaning that packets inherit the TTL value. The default value for IPv4
tunnels is 0 (inherit). The default value for IPv6 tunnels is 64.
DiscoverPathMTU=
Takes a boolean. When true, enables Path MTU Discovery on the tunnel.
IPv6FlowLabel=
Configures the 20-bit flow label (see RFC 6437[11]) field in the IPv6 header (see RFC
2460[12]), which is used by a node to label packets of a flow. It is only used for
IPv6 tunnels. A flow label of zero is used to indicate packets that have not been
labeled. It can be configured to a value in the range 0...0xFFFFF, or be set to
"inherit", in which case the original flowlabel is used.
CopyDSCP=
Takes a boolean. When true, the Differentiated Service Code Point (DSCP) field will be
copied to the inner header from outer header during the decapsulation of an IPv6
tunnel packet. DSCP is a field in an IP packet that enables different levels of
service to be assigned to network traffic. Defaults to "no".
EncapsulationLimit=
The Tunnel Encapsulation Limit option specifies how many additional levels of
encapsulation are permitted to be prepended to the packet. For example, a Tunnel
Encapsulation Limit option containing a limit value of zero means that a packet
carrying that option may not enter another tunnel before exiting the current tunnel.
(see RFC 2473[13]). The valid range is 0...255 and "none". Defaults to 4.
Key=
The Key= parameter specifies the same key to use in both directions (InputKey= and
OutputKey=). The Key= is either a number or an IPv4 address-like dotted quad. It is
used as mark-configured SAD/SPD entry as part of the lookup key (both in data and
control path) in IP XFRM (framework used to implement IPsec protocol). See ip-xfrm —
transform configuration[14] for details. It is only used for VTI/VTI6, GRE, GRETAP,
and ERSPAN tunnels.
InputKey=
The InputKey= parameter specifies the key to use for input. The format is same as
Key=. It is only used for VTI/VTI6, GRE, GRETAP, and ERSPAN tunnels.
OutputKey=
The OutputKey= parameter specifies the key to use for output. The format is same as
Key=. It is only used for VTI/VTI6, GRE, GRETAP, and ERSPAN tunnels.
Mode=
An "ip6tnl" tunnel can be in one of three modes "ip6ip6" for IPv6 over IPv6, "ipip6"
for IPv4 over IPv6 or "any" for either.
Independent=
Takes a boolean. When false (the default), the tunnel is always created over some
network device, and a .network file that requests this tunnel using Tunnel= is
required for the tunnel to be created. When true, the tunnel is created independently
of any network as "tunnel@NONE".
AssignToLoopback=
Takes a boolean. If set to "yes", the loopback interface "lo" is used as the
underlying device of the tunnel interface. Defaults to "no".
AllowLocalRemote=
Takes a boolean. When true allows tunnel traffic on ip6tnl devices where the remote
endpoint is a local host address. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.
FooOverUDP=
Takes a boolean. Specifies whether FooOverUDP= tunnel is to be configured. Defaults to
false. This takes effects only for IPIP, SIT, GRE, and GRETAP tunnels. For more detail
information see Foo over UDP[15]
FOUDestinationPort=
This setting specifies the UDP destination port for encapsulation. This field is
mandatory when FooOverUDP=yes, and is not set by default.
FOUSourcePort=
This setting specifies the UDP source port for encapsulation. Defaults to 0 — that is,
the source port for packets is left to the network stack to decide.
Encapsulation=
Accepts the same key as in the [FooOverUDP] section.
IPv6RapidDeploymentPrefix=
Reconfigure the tunnel for IPv6 Rapid Deployment[16], also known as 6rd. The value is
an ISP-specific IPv6 prefix with a non-zero length. Only applicable to SIT tunnels.
ISATAP=
Takes a boolean. If set, configures the tunnel as Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel
Addressing Protocol (ISATAP) tunnel. Only applicable to SIT tunnels. When unset, the
kernel's default will be used.
SerializeTunneledPackets=
Takes a boolean. If set to yes, then packets are serialized. Only applies for GRE,
GRETAP, and ERSPAN tunnels. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.
ERSPANVersion=
Specifies the ERSPAN version number. Takes 0 for version 0 (a.k.a. type I), 1 for
version 1 (a.k.a. type II), or 2 for version 2 (a.k.a. type III). Defaults to 1.
ERSPANIndex=
Specifies the ERSPAN v1 index field for the interface. Takes an integer in the range
0...1048575, which is associated with the ERSPAN traffic's source port and direction.
Only used when ERSPANVersion=1. Defaults to 0.
ERSPANDirection=
Specifies the ERSPAN v2 mirrored traffic's direction. Takes "ingress" or "egress".
Only used when ERSPANVersion=2. Defaults to "ingress".
ERSPANHardwareId=
Specifies an unique identifier of the ERSPAN v2 engine. Takes an integer in the range
0...63. Only used when ERSPANVersion=2. Defaults to 0.
[FOOOVERUDP] SECTION OPTIONS
The [FooOverUDP] section only applies for netdevs of kind "fou" and accepts the following
keys:
Encapsulation=
Specifies the encapsulation mechanism used to store networking packets of various
protocols inside the UDP packets. Supports the following values: "FooOverUDP" provides
the simplest no-frills model of UDP encapsulation, it simply encapsulates packets
directly in the UDP payload. "GenericUDPEncapsulation" is a generic and extensible
encapsulation, it allows encapsulation of packets for any IP protocol and optional
data as part of the encapsulation. For more detailed information see Generic UDP
Encapsulation[17]. Defaults to "FooOverUDP".
Port=
Specifies the port number where the encapsulated packets will arrive. Those packets
will be removed and manually fed back into the network stack with the encapsulation
removed to be sent to the real destination. This option is mandatory.
PeerPort=
Specifies the peer port number. Defaults to unset. Note that when peer port is set
"Peer=" address is mandatory.
Protocol=
The Protocol= specifies the protocol number of the packets arriving at the UDP port.
When Encapsulation=FooOverUDP, this field is mandatory and is not set by default.
Takes an IP protocol name such as "gre" or "ipip", or an integer within the range
1...255. When Encapsulation=GenericUDPEncapsulation, this must not be specified.
Peer=
Configures peer IP address. Note that when peer address is set "PeerPort=" is
mandatory.
Local=
Configures local IP address.
[PEER] SECTION OPTIONS
The [Peer] section only applies for netdevs of kind "veth" and accepts the following keys:
Name=
The interface name used when creating the netdev. This setting is compulsory.
MACAddress=
The peer MACAddress, if not set, it is generated in the same way as the MAC address of
the main interface.
[VXCAN] SECTION OPTIONS
The [VXCAN] section only applies for netdevs of kind "vxcan" and accepts the following
key:
Peer=
The peer interface name used when creating the netdev. This setting is compulsory.
[TUN] SECTION OPTIONS
The [Tun] section only applies for netdevs of kind "tun", and accepts the following keys:
MultiQueue=
Takes a boolean. Configures whether to use multiple file descriptors (queues) to
parallelize packets sending and receiving. Defaults to "no".
PacketInfo=
Takes a boolean. Configures whether packets should be prepended with four extra bytes
(two flag bytes and two protocol bytes). If disabled, it indicates that the packets
will be pure IP packets. Defaults to "no".
VNetHeader=
Takes a boolean. Configures IFF_VNET_HDR flag for a tun or tap device. It allows
sending and receiving larger Generic Segmentation Offload (GSO) packets. This may
increase throughput significantly. Defaults to "no".
User=
User to grant access to the /dev/net/tun device.
Group=
Group to grant access to the /dev/net/tun device.
KeepCarrier=
Takes a boolean. If enabled, to make the interface maintain its carrier status, the
file descriptor of the interface is kept open. This may be useful to keep the
interface in running state, for example while the backing process is temporarily
shutdown. Defaults to "no".
[TAP] SECTION OPTIONS
The [Tap] section only applies for netdevs of kind "tap", and accepts the same keys as the
[Tun] section.
[WIREGUARD] SECTION OPTIONS
The [WireGuard] section accepts the following keys:
PrivateKey=
The Base64 encoded private key for the interface. It can be generated using the wg
genkey command (see wg(8)). This option or PrivateKeyFile= is mandatory to use
WireGuard. Note that because this information is secret, you may want to set the
permissions of the .netdev file to be owned by "root:systemd-network" with a "0640"
file mode.
PrivateKeyFile=
Takes an absolute path to a file which contains the Base64 encoded private key for the
interface. When this option is specified, then PrivateKey= is ignored. Note that the
file must be readable by the user "systemd-network", so it should be, e.g., owned by
"root:systemd-network" with a "0640" file mode. If the path refers to an AF_UNIX
stream socket in the file system a connection is made to it and the key read from it.
ListenPort=
Sets UDP port for listening. Takes either value between 1 and 65535 or "auto". If
"auto" is specified, the port is automatically generated based on interface name.
Defaults to "auto".
FirewallMark=
Sets a firewall mark on outgoing WireGuard packets from this interface. Takes a number
between 1 and 4294967295.
RouteTable=
The table identifier for the routes to the addresses specified in the AllowedIPs=.
Takes a negative boolean value, one of the predefined names "default", "main", and
"local", names defined in RouteTable= in networkd.conf(5), or a number in the range
1...4294967295. When "off" the routes to the addresses specified in the AllowedIPs=
setting will not be configured. Defaults to false. This setting will be ignored when
the same setting is specified in the [WireGuardPeer] section.
RouteMetric=
The priority of the routes to the addresses specified in the AllowedIPs=. Takes an
integer in the range 0...4294967295. Defaults to 0 for IPv4 addresses, and 1024 for
IPv6 addresses. This setting will be ignored when the same setting is specified in the
[WireGuardPeer] section.
[WIREGUARDPEER] SECTION OPTIONS
The [WireGuardPeer] section accepts the following keys:
PublicKey=
Sets a Base64 encoded public key calculated by wg pubkey (see wg(8)) from a private
key, and usually transmitted out of band to the author of the configuration file. This
option is mandatory for this section.
PresharedKey=
Optional preshared key for the interface. It can be generated by the wg genpsk
command. This option adds an additional layer of symmetric-key cryptography to be
mixed into the already existing public-key cryptography, for post-quantum resistance.
Note that because this information is secret, you may want to set the permissions of
the .netdev file to be owned by "root:systemd-network" with a "0640" file mode.
PresharedKeyFile=
Takes an absolute path to a file which contains the Base64 encoded preshared key for
the peer. When this option is specified, then PresharedKey= is ignored. Note that the
file must be readable by the user "systemd-network", so it should be, e.g., owned by
"root:systemd-network" with a "0640" file mode. If the path refers to an AF_UNIX
stream socket in the file system a connection is made to it and the key read from it.
AllowedIPs=
Sets a comma-separated list of IP (v4 or v6) addresses with CIDR masks from which this
peer is allowed to send incoming traffic and to which outgoing traffic for this peer
is directed.
The catch-all 0.0.0.0/0 may be specified for matching all IPv4 addresses, and ::/0 may
be specified for matching all IPv6 addresses.
Note that this only affects routing inside the network interface itself, i.e. the
packets that pass through the tunnel itself. To cause packets to be sent via the
tunnel in the first place, an appropriate route needs to be added as well — either in
the "[Routes]" section on the ".network" matching the wireguard interface, or
externally to systemd-networkd.
Endpoint=
Sets an endpoint IP address or hostname, followed by a colon, and then a port number.
This endpoint will be updated automatically once to the most recent source IP address
and port of correctly authenticated packets from the peer at configuration time.
PersistentKeepalive=
Sets a seconds interval, between 1 and 65535 inclusive, of how often to send an
authenticated empty packet to the peer for the purpose of keeping a stateful firewall
or NAT mapping valid persistently. For example, if the interface very rarely sends
traffic, but it might at anytime receive traffic from a peer, and it is behind NAT,
the interface might benefit from having a persistent keepalive interval of 25 seconds.
If set to 0 or "off", this option is disabled. By default or when unspecified, this
option is off. Most users will not need this.
RouteTable=
The table identifier for the routes to the addresses specified in the AllowedIPs=.
Takes a negative boolean value, one of the predefined names "default", "main", and
"local", names defined in RouteTable= in networkd.conf(5), or a number in the range
1...4294967295. Defaults to unset, and the value specified in the same setting in the
[WireGuard] section will be used.
RouteMetric=
The priority of the routes to the addresses specified in the AllowedIPs=. Takes an
integer in the range 0...4294967295. Defaults to unset, and the value specified in the
same setting in the [WireGuard] section will be used.
[BOND] SECTION OPTIONS
The [Bond] section accepts the following key:
Mode=
Specifies one of the bonding policies. The default is "balance-rr" (round robin).
Possible values are "balance-rr", "active-backup", "balance-xor", "broadcast",
"802.3ad", "balance-tlb", and "balance-alb".
TransmitHashPolicy=
Selects the transmit hash policy to use for slave selection in balance-xor, 802.3ad,
and tlb modes. Possible values are "layer2", "layer3+4", "layer2+3", "encap2+3", and
"encap3+4".
LACPTransmitRate=
Specifies the rate with which link partner transmits Link Aggregation Control Protocol
Data Unit packets in 802.3ad mode. Possible values are "slow", which requests partner
to transmit LACPDUs every 30 seconds, and "fast", which requests partner to transmit
LACPDUs every second. The default value is "slow".
MIIMonitorSec=
Specifies the frequency that Media Independent Interface link monitoring will occur. A
value of zero disables MII link monitoring. This value is rounded down to the nearest
millisecond. The default value is 0.
UpDelaySec=
Specifies the delay before a link is enabled after a link up status has been detected.
This value is rounded down to a multiple of MIIMonitorSec=. The default value is 0.
DownDelaySec=
Specifies the delay before a link is disabled after a link down status has been
detected. This value is rounded down to a multiple of MIIMonitorSec=. The default
value is 0.
LearnPacketIntervalSec=
Specifies the number of seconds between instances where the bonding driver sends
learning packets to each slave peer switch. The valid range is 1...0x7fffffff; the
default value is 1. This option has an effect only for the balance-tlb and balance-alb
modes.
AdSelect=
Specifies the 802.3ad aggregation selection logic to use. Possible values are
"stable", "bandwidth" and "count".
AdActorSystemPriority=
Specifies the 802.3ad actor system priority. Takes a number in the range 1...65535.
AdUserPortKey=
Specifies the 802.3ad user defined portion of the port key. Takes a number in the
range 0...1023.
AdActorSystem=
Specifies the 802.3ad system MAC address. This cannot be a null or multicast address.
FailOverMACPolicy=
Specifies whether the active-backup mode should set all slaves to the same MAC address
at the time of enslavement or, when enabled, to perform special handling of the bond's
MAC address in accordance with the selected policy. The default policy is none.
Possible values are "none", "active" and "follow".
ARPValidate=
Specifies whether or not ARP probes and replies should be validated in any mode that
supports ARP monitoring, or whether non-ARP traffic should be filtered (disregarded)
for link monitoring purposes. Possible values are "none", "active", "backup" and
"all".
ARPIntervalSec=
Specifies the ARP link monitoring frequency. A value of 0 disables ARP monitoring. The
default value is 0, and the default unit seconds.
ARPIPTargets=
Specifies the IP addresses to use as ARP monitoring peers when ARPIntervalSec= is
greater than 0. These are the targets of the ARP request sent to determine the health
of the link to the targets. Specify these values in IPv4 dotted decimal format. At
least one IP address must be given for ARP monitoring to function. The maximum number
of targets that can be specified is 16. The default value is no IP addresses.
ARPAllTargets=
Specifies the quantity of ARPIPTargets= that must be reachable in order for the ARP
monitor to consider a slave as being up. This option affects only active-backup mode
for slaves with ARPValidate enabled. Possible values are "any" and "all".
PrimaryReselectPolicy=
Specifies the reselection policy for the primary slave. This affects how the primary
slave is chosen to become the active slave when failure of the active slave or
recovery of the primary slave occurs. This option is designed to prevent flip-flopping
between the primary slave and other slaves. Possible values are "always", "better" and
"failure".
ResendIGMP=
Specifies the number of IGMP membership reports to be issued after a failover event.
One membership report is issued immediately after the failover, subsequent packets are
sent in each 200ms interval. The valid range is 0...255. Defaults to 1. A value of 0
prevents the IGMP membership report from being issued in response to the failover
event.
PacketsPerSlave=
Specify the number of packets to transmit through a slave before moving to the next
one. When set to 0, then a slave is chosen at random. The valid range is 0...65535.
Defaults to 1. This option only has effect when in balance-rr mode.
GratuitousARP=
Specify the number of peer notifications (gratuitous ARPs and unsolicited IPv6
Neighbor Advertisements) to be issued after a failover event. As soon as the link is
up on the new slave, a peer notification is sent on the bonding device and each VLAN
sub-device. This is repeated at each link monitor interval (ARPIntervalSec or
MIIMonitorSec, whichever is active) if the number is greater than 1. The valid range
is 0...255. The default value is 1. These options affect only the active-backup mode.
AllSlavesActive=
Takes a boolean. Specifies that duplicate frames (received on inactive ports) should
be dropped when false, or delivered when true. Normally, bonding will drop duplicate
frames (received on inactive ports), which is desirable for most users. But there are
some times it is nice to allow duplicate frames to be delivered. The default value is
false (drop duplicate frames received on inactive ports).
DynamicTransmitLoadBalancing=
Takes a boolean. Specifies if dynamic shuffling of flows is enabled. Applies only for
balance-tlb mode. Defaults to unset.
MinLinks=
Specifies the minimum number of links that must be active before asserting carrier.
The default value is 0.
For more detail information see Linux Ethernet Bonding Driver HOWTO[1]
[XFRM] SECTION OPTIONS
The [Xfrm] section accepts the following keys:
InterfaceId=
Sets the ID/key of the xfrm interface which needs to be associated with a SA/policy.
Can be decimal or hexadecimal, valid range is 1-0xffffffff. This is mandatory.
Independent=
Takes a boolean. If false (the default), the xfrm interface must have an underlying
device which can be used for hardware offloading.
For more detail information see Virtual XFRM Interfaces[18].
[VRF] SECTION OPTIONS
The [VRF] section only applies for netdevs of kind "vrf" and accepts the following key:
Table=
The numeric routing table identifier. This setting is compulsory.
[BATMANADVANCED] SECTION OPTIONS
The [BatmanAdvanced] section only applies for netdevs of kind "batadv" and accepts the
following keys:
GatewayMode=
Takes one of "off", "server", or "client". A batman-adv node can either run in server
mode (sharing its internet connection with the mesh) or in client mode (searching for
the most suitable internet connection in the mesh) or having the gateway support
turned off entirely (which is the default setting).
Aggregation=
Takes a boolean value. Enables or disables aggregation of originator messages.
Defaults to true.
BridgeLoopAvoidance=
Takes a boolean value. Enables or disables avoidance of loops on bridges. Defaults to
true.
DistributedArpTable=
Takes a boolean value. Enables or disables the distributed ARP table. Defaults to
true.
Fragmentation=
Takes a boolean value. Enables or disables fragmentation. Defaults to true.
HopPenalty=
The hop penalty setting allows one to modify batctl(8) preference for multihop routes
vs. short routes. This integer value is applied to the TQ (Transmit Quality) of each
forwarded OGM (Originator Message), thereby propagating the cost of an extra hop (the
packet has to be received and retransmitted which costs airtime). A higher hop penalty
will make it more unlikely that other nodes will choose this node as intermediate hop
towards any given destination. The default hop penalty of '15' is a reasonable value
for most setups and probably does not need to be changed. However, mobile nodes could
choose a value of 255 (maximum value) to avoid being chosen as a router by other
nodes. The minimum value is 0.
OriginatorIntervalSec=
The value specifies the interval in seconds, unless another time unit is specified in
which batman-adv floods the network with its protocol information. See systemd.time(7)
for more information.
GatewayBandwidthDown=
If the node is a server, this parameter is used to inform other nodes in the network
about this node's internet connection download bandwidth in bits per second. Just
enter any number suffixed with K, M, G or T (base 1000) and the batman-adv module will
propagate the entered value in the mesh.
GatewayBandwidthUp=
If the node is a server, this parameter is used to inform other nodes in the network
about this node's internet connection upload bandwidth in bits per second. Just enter
any number suffixed with K, M, G or T (base 1000) and the batman-adv module will
propagate the entered value in the mesh.
RoutingAlgorithm=
This can be either "batman-v" or "batman-iv" and describes which routing_algo of
batctl(8) to use. The algorithm cannot be changed after interface creation. Defaults
to "batman-v".
[IPOIB] SECTION OPTIONS
The [IPoIB] section only applies for netdevs of kind "ipoib" and accepts the following
keys:
PartitionKey=
Takes an integer in the range 1...0xffff, except for 0x8000. Defaults to unset, and
the kernel's default is used.
Mode=
Takes one of the special values "datagram" or "connected". Defaults to unset, and the
kernel's default is used.
When "datagram", the Infiniband unreliable datagram (UD) transport is used, and so the
interface MTU is equal to the IB L2 MTU minus the IPoIB encapsulation header (4
bytes). For example, in a typical IB fabric with a 2K MTU, the IPoIB MTU will be 2048
- 4 = 2044 bytes.
When "connected", the Infiniband reliable connected (RC) transport is used. Connected
mode takes advantage of the connected nature of the IB transport and allows an MTU up
to the maximal IP packet size of 64K, which reduces the number of IP packets needed
for handling large UDP datagrams, TCP segments, etc and increases the performance for
large messages.
IgnoreUserspaceMulticastGroup=
Takes an boolean value. When true, the kernel ignores multicast groups handled by
userspace. Defaults to unset, and the kernel's default is used.
[WLAN] SECTION OPTIONS
The [WLAN] section only applies to WLAN interfaces, and accepts the following keys:
PhysicalDevice=
Specifies the name or index of the physical WLAN device (e.g. "0" or "phy0"). The
list of the physical WLAN devices that exist on the host can be obtained by iw phy
command. This option is mandatory.
Type=
Specifies the type of the interface. Takes one of the "ad-hoc", "station", "ap",
"ap-vlan", "wds", "monitor", "mesh-point", "p2p-client", "p2p-go", "p2p-device",
"ocb", and "nan". This option is mandatory.
WDS=
Enables the Wireless Distribution System (WDS) mode on the interface. The mode is also
known as the "4 address mode". Takes a boolean value. Defaults to unset, and the
kernel's default will be used.
EXAMPLES
Example 1. /etc/systemd/network/25-bridge.netdev
[NetDev]
Name=bridge0
Kind=bridge
Example 2. /etc/systemd/network/25-vlan1.netdev
[Match]
Virtualization=no
[NetDev]
Name=vlan1
Kind=vlan
[VLAN]
Id=1
Example 3. /etc/systemd/network/25-ipip.netdev
[NetDev]
Name=ipip-tun
Kind=ipip
MTUBytes=1480
[Tunnel]
Local=192.168.223.238
Remote=192.169.224.239
TTL=64
Example 4. /etc/systemd/network/1-fou-tunnel.netdev
[NetDev]
Name=fou-tun
Kind=fou
[FooOverUDP]
Port=5555
Protocol=4
Example 5. /etc/systemd/network/25-fou-ipip.netdev
[NetDev]
Name=ipip-tun
Kind=ipip
[Tunnel]
Independent=yes
Local=10.65.208.212
Remote=10.65.208.211
FooOverUDP=yes
FOUDestinationPort=5555
Example 6. /etc/systemd/network/25-tap.netdev
[NetDev]
Name=tap-test
Kind=tap
[Tap]
MultiQueue=yes
PacketInfo=yes
Example 7. /etc/systemd/network/25-sit.netdev
[NetDev]
Name=sit-tun
Kind=sit
MTUBytes=1480
[Tunnel]
Local=10.65.223.238
Remote=10.65.223.239
Example 8. /etc/systemd/network/25-6rd.netdev
[NetDev]
Name=6rd-tun
Kind=sit
MTUBytes=1480
[Tunnel]
Local=10.65.223.238
IPv6RapidDeploymentPrefix=2602::/24
Example 9. /etc/systemd/network/25-gre.netdev
[NetDev]
Name=gre-tun
Kind=gre
MTUBytes=1480
[Tunnel]
Local=10.65.223.238
Remote=10.65.223.239
Example 10. /etc/systemd/network/25-ip6gre.netdev
[NetDev]
Name=ip6gre-tun
Kind=ip6gre
[Tunnel]
Key=123
Example 11. /etc/systemd/network/25-vti.netdev
[NetDev]
Name=vti-tun
Kind=vti
MTUBytes=1480
[Tunnel]
Local=10.65.223.238
Remote=10.65.223.239
Example 12. /etc/systemd/network/25-veth.netdev
[NetDev]
Name=veth-test
Kind=veth
[Peer]
Name=veth-peer
Example 13. /etc/systemd/network/25-bond.netdev
[NetDev]
Name=bond1
Kind=bond
[Bond]
Mode=802.3ad
TransmitHashPolicy=layer3+4
MIIMonitorSec=1s
LACPTransmitRate=fast
Example 14. /etc/systemd/network/25-dummy.netdev
[NetDev]
Name=dummy-test
Kind=dummy
MACAddress=12:34:56:78:9a:bc
Example 15. /etc/systemd/network/25-vrf.netdev
Create a VRF interface with table 42.
[NetDev]
Name=vrf-test
Kind=vrf
[VRF]
Table=42
Example 16. /etc/systemd/network/25-macvtap.netdev
Create a MacVTap device.
[NetDev]
Name=macvtap-test
Kind=macvtap
Example 17. /etc/systemd/network/25-wireguard.netdev
[NetDev]
Name=wg0
Kind=wireguard
[WireGuard]
PrivateKey=EEGlnEPYJV//kbvvIqxKkQwOiS+UENyPncC4bF46ong=
ListenPort=51820
[WireGuardPeer]
PublicKey=RDf+LSpeEre7YEIKaxg+wbpsNV7du+ktR99uBEtIiCA=
AllowedIPs=fd31:bf08:57cb::/48,192.168.26.0/24
Endpoint=wireguard.example.com:51820
Example 18. /etc/systemd/network/27-xfrm.netdev
[NetDev]
Name=xfrm0
Kind=xfrm
[Xfrm]
Independent=yes
SEE ALSO
systemd(1), systemd-networkd(8), systemd.link(5), systemd.network(5), systemd-network-
generator.service(8)
NOTES
1. Linux Ethernet Bonding Driver HOWTO
https://docs.kernel.org/networking/bonding.html
2. RFC 2784
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2784
3. IEEE 802.1Q
http://www.ieee802.org/1/pages/802.1Q.html
4. VRF
https://docs.kernel.org/networking/vrf.html
5. B.A.T.M.A.N. Advanced
https://www.open-mesh.org/projects/open-mesh/wiki
6. System and Service Credentials
https://systemd.io/CREDENTIALS
7. (DOVE)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_Overlay_Virtual_Ethernet
8. VXLAN Group Policy
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-smith-vxlan-group-policy
9. Generic Protocol Extension for VXLAN
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-nvo3-vxlan-gpe-07
10. Type of Service in the Internet Protocol Suite
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1349
11. RFC 6437
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6437
12. RFC 2460
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2460
13. RFC 2473
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2473#section-4.1.1
14. ip-xfrm — transform configuration
https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man8/ip-xfrm.8.html
15. Foo over UDP
https://lwn.net/Articles/614348
16. IPv6 Rapid Deployment
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5569
17. Generic UDP Encapsulation
https://lwn.net/Articles/615044
18. Virtual XFRM Interfaces
https://lwn.net/Articles/757391