Provided by: sharutils_4.15.2-9_amd64 
NAME
shar - create a shell archive
SYNOPSIS
shar [-flags] [-flag [value]] [--option-name[[=| ]value]] [<file>...]
If no files are specified, the list of input files is read from standard input. Standard
input must not be a terminal.
DESCRIPTION
shar creates "shell archives" (or shar files) which are in text format and can be emailed.
These files may be unpacked later by executing them with /bin/sh. The resulting archive
is sent to standard out unless the -o option is given. A wide range of features provide
extensive flexibility in manufacturing shars and in specifying shar "smartness". Archives
may be fairly simple (--vanilla-operation) or essentially a mailable tar archive.
Options may be specified in any order until a file argument is recognized. If the
--intermix-type option has been specified, more compression and encoding options will be
recognized between the file arguments.
Though this program supports uuencode-d files, they are deprecated. If you are emailing
files, please consider mime-encoded files. If you do uuencode, base64 is the preferred
encoding method.
OPTIONS
Specifying compression
-p, --intermix-type
specify compression for input files. This option must not appear in combination
with any of the following options: vanilla-operation.
Allow positional parameter options. The compression method and encoding method
options may be intermixed with file names. Files named after these options will be
processed in the specified way.
-C program, --compactor=program
specify compaction (compression) program. This option may appear an unlimited
number of times. This option must not appear in combination with any of the
following options: vanilla-operation.
The gzip, bzip2 and compress compactor commands may be specified by the program
name as the option name, e.g. --gzip. Those options, however, are being
deprecated. There is also the xz compactor now. Specify xz with -C xz or
--compactor=xz.
Specifying the compactor "none" will disable file compression. Compressed
files are never processed as plain text. They are always uuencoded and the
recipient must have uudecode to unpack them.
Specifying the compactor compress is deprecated.
-g level, --level-of-compression=level
pass LEVEL for compression. This option takes an integer number as its argument.
The value of level is constrained to being:
in the range 1 through 9
The default level for this option is:
9
Some compression programs allow for a level of compression. The default is 9, but
this option allows you to specify something else. This value is used by gzip,
bzip2 and xz, but not compress.
-j, --bzip2
bzip2 and uuencode files. This option may appear an unlimited number of times.
bzip2 compress and uuencode all files prior to packing. The recipient must have
uudecode bzip2 in order to unpack.
NOTE: THIS OPTION IS DEPRECATED
-z, --gzip
gzip and uuencode files. This option may appear an unlimited number of times.
gzip compress and uuencode all files prior to packing. The recipient must have
uudecode and gzip in order to unpack.
NOTE: THIS OPTION IS DEPRECATED
-Z, --compress
compress and uuencode files. This option may appear an unlimited number of times.
compress and uuencode all files prior to packing. The recipient must have uudecode
and compress in order to unpack.
NOTE: THIS OPTION IS DEPRECATED
--level-for-gzip
This is an alias for the --level-of-compression option.
NOTE: THIS OPTION IS DEPRECATED
-b bits, --bits-per-code=bits
pass bits (default 12) to compress. The default bits for this option is:
12
This is the compression factor used by the compress program.
NOTE: THIS OPTION IS DEPRECATED
Specifying file encoding methodology
Files may be stored in the shar either as plain text or uuencoded. By default, the
program selects which by examining the file. You may force the selection for all files.
In intermixed option/file mode, this setting may be changed during processing.
-M, --mixed-uuencode
decide uuencoding for each file. This option is a member of the mixed-uuencode
class of options.
Automatically determine if the files are text or binary and archive correctly.
Files found to be binary are uuencoded prior to packing. This is the default
behavior for shar.
For a file to be considered a text file instead of a binary file, all the following
should be true:
The file does not contain any ASCII control character besides BS (backspace), HT
(horizontal tab), LF (new line) or FF (form feed).
The file contains no character with its eighth-bit set.
The file contains no line beginning with the five letters "from ", capitalized or
not. (Mail handling programs will often gratuitously insert a > character before
it.)
The file is either empty or ends with a LF (newline) byte.
No line in the file contains more than 200 characters. For counting purpose, lines
are separated by a LF (newline).
-B, --uuencode
treat all files as binary. This option is a member of the mixed-uuencode class of
options.
Use uuencode prior to packing all files. This increases the size of the archive.
The recipient must have uudecode in order to unpack. Compressed files are always
encoded.
-T, --text-files
treat all files as text. This option is a member of the mixed-uuencode class of
options.
If you have files with non-ascii bytes or text that some mail handling programs do
not like, you may find difficulties. However, if you are using FTP or SSH/SCP, the
non-conforming text files should be okay.
Specifying file selection and output modes
-o prefix, --output-prefix=prefix
print output to file PREFIX.nn.
Save the archive to files prefix.01 thru prefix.nn instead of sending all output to
standard out. Must be specified when the --whole-size-limit or --split-size-limit
options are specified.
When prefix contains a % character, prefix is then interpreted as a sprintf format,
which should be able to display a single decimal number. When prefix does not
contain such a % character, the string .%02d is internally appended.
-l size, --whole-size-limit=size
split archive, not files, to size. This option is a member of the whole-size-limit
class of options. This option must appear in combination with the following
options: output-prefix. This option takes an integer number as its argument. The
value of size is constrained to being:
in the range 8 through 1023, or
in the range 8192 through 4194304
Limit the output file size to size bytes, but don't split input files. If size is
less than 1024, then it will be multiplied by 1024. The value may also be
specified with a k, K, m or M suffix. The number is then multiplied by 1000, 1024,
1000000, or 1048576, respectively. 4M (4194304) is the maximum allowed.
Unlike the split-size-limit option, this allows the recipient of the shar files to
unpack them in any order.
-L size, --split-size-limit=size
split archive or files to size. This option is a member of the whole-size-limit
class of options. This option must appear in combination with the following
options: output-prefix. This option takes an integer number as its argument. The
value of size is constrained to being:
in the range 8 through 1023, or
in the range 8192 through 4194304
Limit output file size to size bytes, splitting files if necessary. The allowed
values are specified as with the --whole-size-limit option.
The archive parts created with this option must be unpacked in the correct order.
If the recipient of the shell archives wants to put all of them in a single email
folder (file), they will have to be saved in the correct order for unshar to unpack
them all at once (using one of the split archive options). see: unshar Invocation.
-I file, --input-file-list=file
read file list from a file.
This option causes file to be reopened as standard input. If no files are found on
the input line, then standard input is read for input file names. Use of this
option will prohibit input files from being listed on the command line.
Input must be in a form similar to that generated by find, one filename per line.
This switch is especially useful when the command line will not hold the list of
files to be archived.
If the --intermix-type option is specified on the command line, then the
compression options may be included in the standard input on lines by themselves
and no file name may begin with a hyphen.
For example:
{ echo --compact xz
find . -type f -print | sort
} | shar -S -p -L50K -o /somewhere/big
-S, --stdin-file-list
read file list from standard input.
This option is actually a no-op. It is a wrapper for --input-file-list=-.
NOTE: THIS OPTION IS DEPRECATED
Controlling the shar headers
-n name, --archive-name=name
use name to document the archive.
Name of archive to be included in the subject header of the shar files. See the
--net-headers option.
-s who@where, --submitter=who@where
override the submitter name.
shar will normally determine the submitter name by querying the system. Use this
option if it is being done on behalf of another.
-a, --net-headers
output Submitted-by: & Archive-name: headers. This option must appear in
combination with the following options: archive-name.
Adds specialized email headers:
Submitted-by: who@@where
Archive-name: name/part##
The who@@where is normally derived, but can be specified with the --submitter
option. The name must be provided with the --archive-name option. If the archive
name includes a slash (/) character, then the /part## is omitted. Thus -n xyzzy
produces:
xyzzy/part01
xyzzy/part02
while -n xyzzy/patch produces:
xyzzy/patch01
xyzzy/patch02
and -n xyzzy/patch01. produces:
xyzzy/patch01.01
xyzzy/patch01.02
-c, --cut-mark
start the shar with a cut line.
A line saying 'Cut here' is placed at the start of each output file.
-t, --translate
translate messages in the script.
Translate messages in the script. If you have set the LANG environment variable,
messages printed by shar will be in the specified language. The produced script
will still be emitted using messages in the lingua franca of the computer world:
English. This option will cause the script messages to appear in the languages
specified by the LANG environment variable set when the script is produced.
Protecting against transmission issues
--no-character-count
do not use `wc -c' to check size.
Do NOT check each file with 'wc -c' after unpack. The default is to check.
-D, --no-md5-digest
do not use md5sum digest to verify.
Do not use md5sum digest to verify the unpacked files. The default is to check.
-F, --force-prefix
apply the prefix character on every line.
Forces the prefix character to be prepended to every line, even if not required.
This option may slightly increase the size of the archive, especially if --uuencode
or a compression option is used.
-d delim, --here-delimiter=delim
use delim to delimit the files. The default delim for this option is:
SHAR_EOF
Use DELIM to delimit the files in the shar instead of SHAR_EOF. This is for those
who want to personalize their shar files. The delimiter will always be prefixed
and suffixed with underscores.
Producing different kinds of shars
-V, --vanilla-operation
produce very simple shars.
This option produces vanilla shars which rely only upon the existence of echo, test
and sed in the unpacking environment.
It changes the default behavior from mixed mode (--mixed-uuencode) to text mode
(--text-files). Warnings are produced if options are specified that will require
decompression or decoding in the unpacking environment.
-P, --no-piping
use temporary files between programs.
In the shar file, use a temporary file to hold file contents between unpacking
stages instead of using pipes. This option is mandatory when you know the
unpacking will happen on systems that do not support pipes.
-x, --no-check-existing
blindly overwrite existing files.
Create the archive so that when processed it will overwrite existing files without
checking first. If neither this option nor the --query-user option is specified,
the unpack will not overwrite pre-existing files. In all cases, however, if --cut-
mark is passed as a parameter to the script when unpacking, then existing files
will be overwritten unconditionally.
sh shar-archive-file -c
-X, --query-user
ask user before overwriting files. This option must not appear in combination with
any of the following options: vanilla-operation.
When unpacking, interactively ask the user if files should be overwritten. Do not
use for shars submitted to the net.
Use of this option produces shars which will cause problems with some unshar-style
procedures, particularly when used together with vanilla mode (--vanilla-
operation). Use this feature mainly for archives to be passed among agreeable
parties. Certainly, -X is not for shell archives which are to be submitted to
Usenet or other public networks.
The problem is that unshar programs or procedures often feed /bin/sh from its
standard input, thus putting /bin/sh and the shell archive script in competition
for input lines. As an attempt to alleviate this problem, shar will try to detect
if /dev/tty exists at the receiving site and will use it to read user replies. But
this does not work in all cases, it may happen that the receiving user will have to
avoid using unshar programs or procedures, and call /bin/sh directly. In vanilla
mode, using /dev/tty is not even attempted.
-m, --no-timestamp
do not restore modification times.
Avoid generating 'touch' commands to restore the file modification dates when
unpacking files from the archive.
When file modification times are not preserved, project build programs like "make"
will see built files older than the files they get built from. This is why, when
this option is not used, a special effort is made to restore timestamps.
-Q, --quiet-unshar
avoid verbose messages at unshar time.
Verbose OFF. Disables the inclusion of comments to be output when the archive is
unpacked.
-f, --basename
restore in one directory, despite hierarchy.
Restore by the base file name only, rather than path. This option causes only file
names to be used, which is useful when building a shar from several directories, or
another directory. Note that if a directory name is passed to shar, the
substructure of that directory will be restored whether this option is specified or
not.
Internationalization options
--no-i18n
do not internationalize.
Do not produce internationalized shell archives, use default English messages. By
default, shar produces archives that will try to output messages in the unpackers
preferred language (as determined by the LANG/LC_MESSAGES environmental variables)
when they are unpacked. If no message file for the unpackers language is found at
unpack time, messages will be in English.
--print-text-domain-dir
print directory with shar messages.
Prints the directory shar looks in to find messages files for different languages,
then immediately exits.
User feedback/entertainment
-q, --quiet
do not output verbose messages.
omit progress messages.
--silent
This is an alias for the --quiet option.
-h, --help
Display usage information and exit.
-!, --more-help
Pass the extended usage information through a pager.
-R [cfgfile], --save-opts [=cfgfile]
Save the option state to cfgfile. The default is the last configuration file
listed in the OPTION PRESETS section, below. The command will exit after updating
the config file.
-r cfgfile, --load-opts=cfgfile, --no-load-opts
Load options from cfgfile. The no-load-opts form will disable the loading of
earlier config/rc/ini files. --no-load-opts is handled early, out of order.
-v [{v|c|n --version [{v|c|n}]}]
Output version of program and exit. The default mode is `v', a simple version.
The `c' mode will print copyright information and `n' will print the full copyright
notice.
OPTION PRESETS
Any option that is not marked as not presettable may be preset by loading values from
configuration ("RC" or ".INI") file(s). The file "$HOME/.sharrc" will be used, if
present.
WARNINGS
No attempt is made to restore the protection and modification dates for directories, even
if this is done by default for files. Thus, if a directory is given to shar, the
protection and modification dates of corresponding unpacked directory may not match those
of the original.
If a directory is passed to shar, it may be scanned more than once, to conserve memory.
Therefore, do not change the directory contents while shar is running.
Be careful that the output file(s) are not included in the inputs or shar may loop until
the disk fills up. Be particularly careful when a directory is passed to shar that the
output files are not in that directory or a subdirectory of it.
Use of the compression and encoding options will slow the archive process, perhaps
considerably.
Use of the --query-user produces shars which will cause problems with many unshar
procedures. Use this feature only for archives to be passed among agreeable parties.
Certainly, query-user is NOT for shell archives which are to be distributed across the
net. The use of compression in net shars will cause you to be flamed off the earth. Not
using the --no-timestamp or --force-prefix options may also get you occasional complaints.
Put these options into your ~/.sharrc file.
FILES
See OPTION PRESETS for configuration files.
EXAMPLES
The first shows how to make a shell archive out of all C program sources. The second
produces a shell archive with all .c and .h files, which unpacks silently. The third
gives a shell archive of all uuencoded .arc files, into numbered files starting from
arc.sh.01. The last example gives a shell archive which will use only the file names at
unpack time.
shar *.c > cprog.shar
shar -Q *.[ch] > cprog.shar
shar -B -l28 -oarc.sh *.arc
shar -f /lcl/src/u*.c > u.sh
EXIT STATUS
One of the following exit values will be returned:
0 (EXIT_SUCCESS)
Successful program execution.
1 (EXIT_OPTION_ERROR)
The command options were misconfigured.
2 (EXIT_FILE_NOT_FOUND)
a specified input could not be found
3 (EXIT_CANNOT_OPENDIR)
open/close of specified directory failed
4 (EXIT_FAILED)
Resource limit/miscelleaneous shar command failure
63 (EXIT_BUG)
There is a shar command bug. Please report it.
66 (EX_NOINPUT)
A specified configuration file could not be loaded.
70 (EX_SOFTWARE)
libopts had an internal operational error. Please report it to autogen-
users@lists.sourceforge.net. Thank you.
SEE ALSO
unshar(1)
AUTHORS
The shar and unshar programs is the collective work of many authors. Many people
contributed by reporting problems, suggesting various improvements or submitting actual
code. A list of these people is in the THANKS file in the sharutils distribution.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (C) 1994-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc. all rights reserved. This program
is released under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 3 or later.
BUGS
Please put sharutils in the subject line for emailed bug reports. It helps to spot the
message.
Please send bug reports to: bug-gnu-utils@gnu.org
NOTES
This manual page was AutoGen-erated from the shar option definitions.