Provided by: icu-devtools_72.1-3ubuntu2_amd64 bug

NAME

       uconv - convert data from one encoding to another

SYNOPSIS

       uconv [ -h, -?, --help ] [ -V, --version ] [ -s, --silent ] [ -v, --verbose ] [ -l, --list
       | -l, --list-code code | --default-code | -L, --list-transliterators ] [ --canon  ]  [  -x
       transliteration  ]  [  --to-callback  callback  | -c ] [ --from-callback callback | -i ] [
       --callback callback ] [ --fallback | --no-fallback ] [  -b,  --block-size  size  ]  [  -f,
       --from-code encoding ] [ -t, --to-code encoding ] [ --add-signature ] [ --remove-signature
       ] [ -o, --output file ] [ file...  ]

DESCRIPTION

       uconv converts, or transcodes, each given file (or  its  standard  input  if  no  file  is
       specified) from one encoding to another.  The transcoding is done using Unicode as a pivot
       encoding (i.e. the data are first transcoded from their original encoding to Unicode,  and
       then from Unicode to the destination encoding).

       If an encoding is not specified or is -, the default encoding is used. Thus, calling uconv
       with no encoding provides an easy way to validate and  sanitize  data  files  for  further
       consumption by tools requiring data in the default encoding.

       When  calling  uconv,  it is possible to specify callbacks that are used to handle invalid
       characters in the input, or characters  that  cannot  be  transcoded  to  the  destination
       encoding.  Some encodings, for example, offer a default substitution character that can be
       used to represent the occurrence of such characters in the input. Other callbacks offer  a
       useful visual representation of the invalid data.

       uconv  can  also  run  the specified transliteration on the transcoded data, in which case
       transliteration will happen as an intermediate step, after the data have  been  transcoded
       to   Unicode.    The   transliteration   can  be  either  a  list  of  semicolon-separated
       transliterator names, or an arbitrarily complex set of rules in  the  ICU  transliteration
       rules format.

       For  transcoding  purposes, uconv options are compatible with those of iconv(1), making it
       easy to replace it in scripts. It is not necessarily the case, however, that the  encoding
       names used by uconv and ICU are the same as the ones used by iconv(1).  Also, options that
       provide informational data, such as the -l, --list one offered by some  iconv(1)  variants
       such as GNU's, produce data in a slightly different and easier to parse format.

OPTIONS

       -h, -?, --help
              Print help about usage and exit.

       -V, --version
              Print the version of uconv and exit.

       -s, --silent
              Suppress messages during execution.

       -v, --verbose
              Display extra informative messages during execution.

       -l, --list
              List all the available encodings and exit.

       -l, --list-code code
              List  only  the code encoding and exit. If code is not a proper encoding, exit with
              an error.

       --default-code
              List only the name of the default encoding and exit.

       -L, --list-transliterators
              List all the available transliterators and exit.

       --canon
              If used with -l, --list or --default-code, the list of encodings is produced  in  a
              format  compatible  with convrtrs.txt(5).  If used with -L, --list-transliterators,
              print only one transliterator name per line.

       -x transliteration
              Run the  given  transliteration  on  the  transcoded  Unicode  data,  and  use  the
              transliterated data as input for the transcoding to the destination encoding.

       --to-callback callback
              Use  callback  to  handle  characters  that cannot be transcoded to the destination
              encoding. See section CALLBACKS for details on valid callbacks.

       -c     Omit invalid characters from the output.  Same as --to-callback skip.

       --from-callback callback
              Use callback to handle characters that  cannot  be  transcoded  from  the  original
              encoding. See section CALLBACKS for details on valid callbacks.

       -i     Ignore invalid sequences in the input.  Same as --from-callback skip.

       --callback callback
              Use  callback to handle both characters that cannot be transcoded from the original
              encoding and characters that cannot be transcoded to the destination encoding.  See
              section CALLBACKS for details on valid callbacks.

       --fallback
              Use the fallback mapping when transcoding from Unicode to the destination encoding.

       --no-fallback
              Do  not  use  the fallback mapping when transcoding from Unicode to the destination
              encoding.  This is the default.

       -b, --block-size size
              Read input in blocks of size bytes at a time. The default block size is 4096.

       -f, --from-code encoding
              Set the original encoding of the data to encoding.

       -t, --to-code encoding
              Transcode the data to encoding.

       --add-signature
              Add a U+FEFF Unicode signature character (BOM) if the output  charset  supports  it
              and does not add one anyway.

       --remove-signature
              Remove a U+FEFF Unicode signature character (BOM).

       -o, --output file
              Write the transcoded data to file.

CALLBACKS

       uconv  supports specifying callbacks to handle invalid data. Callbacks can be set for both
       directions of transcoding: from the original encoding to Unicode, with the --from-callback
       option, and from Unicode to the destination encoding, with the --to-callback option.

       The  following  is  a  list  of  valid  callback  names, along with a description of their
       behavior. The list of callbacks actually supported by uconv is displayed when it is called
       with -h, --help.

       substitute       Write  the  encoding's  substitute  sequence,  or the Unicode replacement
                        character U+FFFD when transcoding to Unicode.

       skip             Ignore the invalid data.

       stop             Stop with an error when encountering invalid data.  This is  the  default
                        callback.

       escape           Same as escape-icu.

       escape-icu       Replace  the  missing  characters  with a string of the format %Uhhhh for
                        plane 0 characters, and %Uhhhh%Uhhhh for planes 1 and  above  characters,
                        where  hhhh  is  the  hexadecimal  value  of one of the UTF-16 code units
                        representing the character.  Characters  from  planes  1  and  above  are
                        written as a pair of UTF-16 surrogate code units.

       escape-java      Replace  the  missing  characters  with a string of the format \uhhhh for
                        plane 0 characters, and \uhhhh\uhhhh for planes 1 and  above  characters,
                        where  hhhh  is  the  hexadecimal  value  of one of the UTF-16 code units
                        representing the character.  Characters  from  planes  1  and  above  are
                        written as a pair of UTF-16 surrogate code units.

       escape-c         Replace  the  missing  characters  with a string of the format \uhhhh for
                        plane 0 characters, and \Uhhhhhhhh for planes  1  and  above  characters,
                        where  hhhh  and  hhhhhhhh  are  the  hexadecimal  values  of the Unicode
                        codepoint.

       escape-xml       Same as escape-xml-hex.

       escape-xml-hex   Replace the missing characters with a  string  of  the  format  &#xhhhh;,
                        where hhhh is the hexadecimal value of the Unicode codepoint.

       escape-xml-dec   Replace the missing characters with a string of the format &#nnnn;, where
                        nnnn is the decimal value of the Unicode codepoint.

       escape-unicode   Replace the missing characters with a  string  of  the  format  {U+hhhh},
                        where  hhhh  is  the  hexadecimal  value  of the Unicode codepoint.  That
                        hexadecimal string is of variable length and can use from 4 to 6  digits.
                        This  is the format universally used to denote a Unicode codepoint in the
                        literature, delimited by curly  braces  for  easy  recognition  of  those
                        substitutions in the output.

EXAMPLES

       Convert data from a given encoding to the platform encoding:

           $ uconv -f encoding

       Check if a file contains valid data for a given encoding:

           $ uconv -f encoding -c file >/dev/null

       Convert  a  UTF-8  file to a given encoding and ensure that the resulting text is good for
       any version of HTML:

           $ uconv -f utf-8 -t encoding \
               --callback escape-xml-dec file

       Display the names of the Unicode code points in a UTF-file:

           $ uconv -f utf-8 -x any-name file

       Print the name of a Unicode code point whose value is known (U+30AB in this example):

           $ echo '\u30ab' | uconv -x 'hex-any; any-name'; echo
           {KATAKANA LETTER KA}{LINE FEED}
           $

       (The names are delimited by curly braces.  Also, the name of the line terminator  is  also
       displayed.)

       Normalize  UTF-8  data using Unicode NFKC, remove all control characters, and map Katakana
       to Hiragana:

           $ uconv -f utf-8 -t utf-8 \
                 -x '::nfkc; [:Cc:] >; ::katakana-hiragana;'

CAVEATS AND BUGS

       uconv does report errors as occurring at the first invalid byte encountered. This  may  be
       confusing to users of GNU iconv(1), which reports errors as occurring at the first byte of
       an invalid sequence. For multi-byte character sets or encodings,  this  means  that  uconv
       error  positions  may be at a later offset in the input stream than would be the case with
       GNU iconv(1).

       The reporting of error positions when a  transliterator  is  used  may  be  inaccurate  or
       unavailable,  in which case uconv will report the offset in the output stream at which the
       error occurred.

AUTHORS

       Jonas Utterstroem
       Yves Arrouye

VERSION

       72.1

COPYRIGHT

       Copyright (C) 2000-2005 IBM, Inc. and others.

SEE ALSO

       iconv(1)