Ubuntu Manpage: Mail::SPF::Server - Server class for processing SPF requests

Provided by: libmail-spf-perl_2.9.0-5_all

NAME

       Mail::SPF::Server - Server class for processing SPF requests

SYNOPSIS

           use Mail::SPF;

           my $spf_server  = Mail::SPF::Server->new(
               # Optional custom default for authority explanation:
               default_authority_explanation =>
                   'See http://www.%{d}/why/id=%{S};ip=%{I};r=%{R}'
           );

           my $result      = $spf_server->process($request);

DESCRIPTION

Mail::SPF::Server is a server class for processing SPF requests. Each server instance can
be configured with specific processing parameters. Also, the default Net::DNS::Resolver
DNS resolver used for making DNS look-ups can be overridden with a custom resolver object.

Constructor
The following constructor is provided:

new(%options): returns Mail::SPF::Server
Creates a new server object for processing SPF requests.

%options is a list of key/value pairs representing any of the following options:

default_authority_explanation
A string denoting the default (not macro-expanded) authority explanation string to
use if the authority domain does not specify an explanation string of its own.
Defaults to:

'Rejected by SPF record'

As can be seen from the default, a non-standard "_scope" pseudo macro is supported
that expands to the name of the identity's scope. (Note: Do not use any non-
standard macros in explanation strings published in DNS.)

hostname
A string denoting the local system's fully qualified host name that should be used
for expanding the "r" macro in explanation strings. Defaults to the system's
configured host name.

dns_resolver
An optional DNS resolver object. If none is specified, a new Net::DNS::Resolver
object is used. The resolver object may be of a different class, but it must
provide an interface similar to Net::DNS::Resolver -- at least the "send" and
"errorstring" methods must be supported, and the "send" method must return either
an object of class Net::DNS::Packet, or, in the case of an error, undef.

query_rr_types
For which RR types to query when looking up and selecting SPF records. The
following values are supported:

Mail::SPF::Server->query_rr_type_all
Both "TXT" and "SPF" type RRs.

Mail::SPF::Server->query_rr_type_txt (default)
"TXT" type RRs only.

Mail::SPF::Server->query_rr_type_spf
"SPF" type RRs only.

For years Mail::SPF has defaulted to looking up both "SPF" and "TXT" type RRs as
recommended by RFC 4408. Experience has shown, however, that a significant
portion of name servers suffer from serious brain damage with regard to the
handling of queries for RR types that are unknown to them, such as the "SPF" RR
type. Consequently Mail::SPF now defaults to looking up only "TXT" type RRs.
This may be overridden by setting the query_rr_types option.

See RFC 4408, 3.1.1, for a discussion of the topic, as well as the description of
the "select_record" method.

max_dns_interactive_terms
An integer denoting the maximum number of terms (mechanisms and modifiers) per SPF
check that perform DNS look-ups, as defined in RFC 4408, 10.1, paragraph 6. If
undef is specified, there is no limit on the number of such terms. Defaults to
10, which is the value defined in RFC 4408.

A value above the default is strongly discouraged for security reasons. A value
below the default has implications with regard to the predictability of SPF
results. Only deviate from the default if you know what you are doing!

max_name_lookups_per_term
An integer denoting the maximum number of DNS name look-ups per term (mechanism or
modifier), as defined in RFC 4408, 10.1, paragraph 7. If undef is specified,
there is no limit on the number of look-ups performed. Defaults to 10, which is
the value defined in RFC 4408.

max_name_lookups_per_mx_mech
max_name_lookups_per_ptr_mech
An integer denoting the maximum number of DNS name look-ups per mx or ptr
mechanism, respectively. Defaults to the value of the "max_name_lookups_per_term"
option. See there for additional information and security notes.

max_void_dns_lookups
An integer denoting the maximum number of "void" DNS look-ups per SPF check, i.e.
the number of DNS look-ups that were caused by DNS-interactive terms and macros
(as defined in RFC 4408, 10.1, paragraphs 6 and 7) and that are allowed to return
an empty answer with RCODE 0 or RCODE 3 ("NXDOMAIN") before processing is aborted
with a "permerror" result. If undef is specified, there is no stricter limit on
the number of void DNS look-ups beyond the usual processing limits. Defaults to
2.

Specifically, the DNS look-ups that are subject to this limit are those caused by
the "a", "mx", "ptr", and "exists" mechanisms and the "p" macro.

A value of 2 is likely to prevent effective DoS attacks against third-party victim
domains. However, a definite limit may cause "permerror" results even with
certain (overly complex) innocent sender policies where useful results would
normally be returned.

Class methods
The following class methods are provided:

result_class: returns class
result_class($name): returns class
Returns a Mail::SPF::Result descendent class determined from the given result name via
the server's inherent result base class, or returns the server's inherent result base
class if no result name is given. This method may also be used as an instance method.

Note: Do not write code invoking class methods on literal result class names as this
would ignore any derivative result classes provided by Mail::SPF extension modules.

throw_result($name, $request): throws Mail::SPF::Result
throw_result($name, $request, $text): throws Mail::SPF::Result
Throws a Mail::SPF::Result descendant determined from the given result name via the
server's inherent result base class, passing an optional result text and associating
the given Mail::SPF::Request object with the result object. This method may also be
used as an instance method.

Note: Do not write code invoking "throw" on literal result class names as this would
ignore any derivative result classes provided by Mail::SPF extension modules.

Instance methods
The following instance methods are provided:

process($request): returns Mail::SPF::Result
Processes the given Mail::SPF::Request object, queries the authoritative domain for an
SPF sender policy (see the description of the "select_record" method), evaluates the
policy with regard to the given identity and other request parameters, and returns a
Mail::SPF::Result object denoting the result of the policy evaluation. See RFC 4408,
4, and RFC 4406, 4, for details.

select_record($request): returns Mail::SPF::Record; throws Mail::SPF::EDNSError,
Mail::SPF::ENoAcceptableRecord, Mail::SPF::ERedundantAcceptableRecords,
Mail::SPF::ESyntaxError
Queries the authority domain of the given Mail::SPF::Request object for SPF sender
policy records and, if multiple records are available, selects the record of the
highest acceptable record version that covers the requested scope.

More precisely, the following algorithm is performed (assuming that both "TXT" and
"SPF" RR types are being queried):

1. Determine the authority domain, the set of acceptable SPF record versions, and the
identity scope from the given request object.

2. Query the authority domain for SPF records of the "SPF" DNS RR type, discarding
any records that are of an inacceptable version or do not cover the desired scope.

If this yields no SPF records, query the authority domain for SPF records of the
"TXT" DNS RR type, discarding any records that are of an inacceptable version or
do not cover the desired scope.

If still no acceptable SPF records could be found, throw a
Mail::SPF::ENoAcceptableRecord exception.

3. Discard all records but those of the highest acceptable version found.

If exactly one record remains, return it. Otherwise, throw a
Mail::SPF::ERedundantAcceptableRecords exception.

If the querying of either RR type has been disabled via the "new" constructor's
"query_rr_types" option, the respective part in step 2 will be skipped.

Mail::SPF::EDNSError exceptions due to DNS look-ups and Mail::SPF::ESyntaxError
exceptions due to invalid acceptable records may also be thrown.

get_acceptable_records_from_packet($packet, $rr_type, \@versions, $scope, $domain):
returns list of Mail::SPF::Record
Filters from the given Net::DNS::Packet object all resource records of the given RR
type and for the given domain name, discarding any records that are not SPF records at
all, that are of an inacceptable SPF record version, or that do not cover the given
scope. Returns a list of acceptable records.

dns_lookup($domain, $rr_type): returns Net::DNS::Packet; throws Mail::SPF::EDNSTimeout,
Mail::SPF::EDNSError
Queries the DNS using the configured resolver for resource records of the desired type
at the specified domain and returns a Net::DNS::Packet object if an answer packet was
received. Throws a Mail::SPF::EDNSTimeout exception if a DNS time-out occurred.
Throws a Mail::SPF::EDNSError exception if an error (other than RCODE 3 AKA
"NXDOMAIN") occurred.

count_dns_interactive_term($request): throws Mail::SPF::EProcessingLimitExceeded
Increments by one the count of DNS-interactive mechanisms and modifiers that have been
processed so far during the evaluation of the given Mail::SPF::Request object. If
this exceeds the configured limit (see the "new" constructor's
"max_dns_interactive_terms" option), throws a Mail::SPF::EProcessingLimitExceeded
exception.

This method is supposed to be called by the "match" and "process" methods of
Mail::SPF::Mech and Mail::SPF::Mod sub-classes before (and only if) they do any DNS
look-ups.

count_void_dns_lookup($request): throws Mail::SPF::EProcessingLimitExceeded
Increments by one the count of "void" DNS look-ups that have occurred so far during
the evaluation of the given Mail::SPF::Request object. If this exceeds the configured
limit (see the "new" constructor's "max_void_dns_lookups" option), throws a
Mail::SPF::EProcessingLimitExceeded exception.

This method is supposed to be called by any code after any calls to the "dns_lookup"
method whenever (i) no answer records were returned, and (ii) this fact is a possible
indication of a DoS attack against a third-party victim domain, and (iii) the number
of "void" look-ups is not already constrained otherwise (as for example is the case
with the "include" mechanism and the "redirect" modifier). Specifically, this applies
to look-ups performed by the "a", "mx", "ptr", and "exists" mechanisms and the "p"
macro.

default_authority_explanation: returns Mail::SPF::MacroString
Returns the default authority explanation as a MacroString object. See the
description of the "new" constructor's "default_authority_explanation" option.

hostname: returns string
Returns the local system's host name. See the description of the "new" constructor's
"hostname" option.

dns_resolver: returns Net::DNS::Resolver or compatible object
Returns the DNS resolver object of the server object. See the description of the
"new" constructor's "dns_resolver" option.

query_rr_types: returns integer
Returns a value denoting the RR types for which to query when looking up and selecting
SPF records. See the description of the "new" constructor's "query_rr_types" option.

max_dns_interactive_terms: returns integer
max_name_lookups_per_term: returns integer
max_name_lookups_per_mx_mech: returns integer
max_name_lookups_per_ptr_mech: returns integer
max_void_dns_lookups: returns integer
Return the limit values of the server object. See the description of the "new"
constructor's corresponding options.

AUTHORS

       Julian Mehnle <julian@mehnle.net>, Shevek <cpan@anarres.org>

NAME

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

SEE ALSO

AUTHORS