PROLOG

       This  manual  page  is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.  The Linux implementation of
       this interface may differ (consult the corresponding Linux  manual  page  for  details  of
       Linux behavior), or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.

NAME

       fputs — put a string on a stream

SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdio.h>

       int fputs(const char *restrict s, FILE *restrict stream);

DESCRIPTION

       The functionality described on this reference page is aligned with the ISO C standard. Any
       conflict between the requirements described here and the ISO C standard is  unintentional.
       This volume of POSIX.1‐2017 defers to the ISO C standard.

       The  fputs() function shall write the null-terminated string pointed to by s to the stream
       pointed to by stream.  The terminating null byte shall not be written.

       The last data modification and last file status change timestamps of  the  file  shall  be
       marked  for  update  between  the  successful execution of fputs() and the next successful
       completion of a call to fflush() or fclose() on the same stream or a  call  to  exit()  or
       abort().

RETURN VALUE

       Upon  successful  completion,  fputs()  shall  return a non-negative number. Otherwise, it
       shall return EOF, set an error indicator for the stream, and set  errno  to  indicate  the
       error.

ERRORS

       Refer to fputc().

       The following sections are informative.

EXAMPLES

   Printing to Standard Output
       The following example gets the current time, converts it to a string using localtime() and
       asctime(), and prints it to standard output using fputs().  It then prints the  number  of
       minutes to an event for which it is waiting.

           #include <time.h>
           #include <stdio.h>
           ...
           time_t now;
           int minutes_to_event;
           ...
           time(&now);
           printf("The time is ");
           fputs(asctime(localtime(&now)), stdout);
           printf("There are still %d minutes to the event.\n",
               minutes_to_event);
           ...

APPLICATION USAGE

       The puts() function appends a <newline> while fputs() does not.

       This  volume  of  POSIX.1‐2017  requires  that  successful completion simply return a non-
       negative integer. There are at least three known different implementation conventions  for
       this requirement:

        *  Return a constant value.

        *  Return the last character written.

        *  Return the number of bytes written. Note that this implementation convention cannot be
           adhered to for strings  longer  than  {INT_MAX}  bytes  as  the  value  would  not  be
           representable  in  the  return  type  of  the  function.  For backwards-compatibility,
           implementations can return the number of bytes for strings of up to  {INT_MAX}  bytes,
           and return {INT_MAX} for all longer strings.

RATIONALE

       The  fputs()  function  is  one  whose  source  code was specified in the referenced The C
       Programming Language. In the original edition, the function had no defined  return  value,
       yet  many  practical implementations would, as a side-effect, return the value of the last
       character written as that was the value remaining in the  accumulator  used  as  a  return
       value.  In  the  second  edition  of  the  book,  either the fixed value 0 or EOF would be
       returned depending upon the return value of  ferror();  however,  for  compatibility  with
       extant  implementations,  several  implementations  would, upon success, return a positive
       value representing the last byte written.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS

       None.

SEE ALSO

       Section 2.5, Standard I/O Streams, fopen(), putc(), puts()

       The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017, <stdio.h>

COPYRIGHT

       Portions of this text are reprinted and  reproduced  in  electronic  form  from  IEEE  Std
       1003.1-2017,  Standard  for  Information Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface
       (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7, 2018 Edition, Copyright (C)  2018  by
       the  Institute  of  Electrical  and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group.  In the
       event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE  and  The  Open  Group
       Standard,  the  original  IEEE  and  The  Open Group Standard is the referee document. The
       original Standard can be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .

       Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page are most  likely  to  have
       been  introduced  during  the conversion of the source files to man page format. To report
       such errors, see https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .