Provided by: libnetfilter-queue-doc_1.0.5-3_all 
NAME
Queue - Queue handling [DEPRECATED]
SYNOPSIS
Functions
int nfq_fd (struct nfq_handle *h)
struct nfq_q_handle * nfq_create_queue (struct nfq_handle *h, uint16_t num, nfq_callback
*cb, void *data)
int nfq_destroy_queue (struct nfq_q_handle *qh)
int nfq_handle_packet (struct nfq_handle *h, char *buf, int len)
int nfq_set_mode (struct nfq_q_handle *qh, uint8_t mode, uint32_t range)
int nfq_set_queue_flags (struct nfq_q_handle *qh, uint32_t mask, uint32_t flags)
int nfq_set_queue_maxlen (struct nfq_q_handle *qh, uint32_t queuelen)
int nfq_set_verdict (struct nfq_q_handle *qh, uint32_t id, uint32_t verdict, uint32_t
data_len, const unsigned char *buf)
int nfq_set_verdict2 (struct nfq_q_handle *qh, uint32_t id, uint32_t verdict, uint32_t
mark, uint32_t data_len, const unsigned char *buf)
int nfq_set_verdict_batch (struct nfq_q_handle *qh, uint32_t id, uint32_t verdict)
int nfq_set_verdict_batch2 (struct nfq_q_handle *qh, uint32_t id, uint32_t verdict,
uint32_t mark)
int nfq_set_verdict_mark (struct nfq_q_handle *qh, uint32_t id, uint32_t verdict, uint32_t
mark, uint32_t data_len, const unsigned char *buf)
Detailed Description
Once libnetfilter_queue library has been initialised (See LibrarySetup), it is possible to
bind the program to a specific queue. This can be done by using nfq_create_queue().
The queue can then be tuned via nfq_set_mode() or nfq_set_queue_maxlen().
Here's a little code snippet that create queue numbered 0:
printf("binding this socket to queue '0'0);
qh = nfq_create_queue(h, 0, &cb, NULL);
if (!qh) {
fprintf(stderr, "error during nfq_create_queue()0);
exit(1);
}
printf("setting copy_packet mode0);
if (nfq_set_mode(qh, NFQNL_COPY_PACKET, 0xffff) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "can't set packet_copy mode0);
exit(1);
}
Next step is the handling of incoming packets which can be done via a loop:
fd = nfq_fd(h);
while ((rv = recv(fd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0)) >= 0) {
printf("pkt received0);
nfq_handle_packet(h, buf, rv);
}
When the decision on a packet has been choosed, the verdict has to be given by calling
nfq_set_verdict() or nfq_set_verdict2(). The verdict determines the destiny of the packet
as follows:
• NF_DROP discarded the packet
• NF_ACCEPT the packet passes, continue iterations
• NF_QUEUE inject the packet into a different queue (the target queue number is in the
high 16 bits of the verdict)
• NF_REPEAT iterate the same cycle once more
• NF_STOP accept, but don't continue iterations
The verdict NF_STOLEN must not be used, as it has special meaning in the kernel. When
using NF_REPEAT, one way to prevent re-queueing of the same packet is to also set an
nfmark using nfq_set_verdict2, and set up the nefilter rules to only queue a packet when
the mark is not (yet) set.
Data and information about the packet can be fetch by using message parsing functions (See
Parsing).
Function Documentation
struct nfq_q_handle* nfq_create_queue (struct nfq_handle * h, uint16_t num, nfq_callback * cb,
void * data)
nfq_create_queue - create a new queue handle and return it.
Parameters
h Netfilter queue connection handle obtained via call to nfq_open()
num the number of the queue to bind to
cb callback function to call for each queued packet
data custom data to pass to the callback function
Returns
a nfq_q_handle pointing to the newly created queue
Creates a new queue handle, and returns it. The new queue is identified by num, and the
callback specified by cb will be called for each enqueued packet. The data argument will
be passed unchanged to the callback. If a queue entry with id num already exists, this
function will return failure and the existing entry is unchanged.
The nfq_callback type is defined in libnetfilter_queue.h as:
typedef int nfq_callback(struct nfq_q_handle *qh,
struct nfgenmsg *nfmsg,
struct nfq_data *nfad, void *data);
Parameters:
• qh The queue handle returned by nfq_create_queue
• nfmsg message objetc that contains the packet
• nfad Netlink packet data handle
• data the value passed to the data parameter of nfq_create_queue
The callback should return < 0 to stop processing.
Definition at line 538 of file libnetfilter_queue.c.
int nfq_destroy_queue (struct nfq_q_handle * qh)
nfq_destroy_queue - destroy a queue handle
Parameters
qh queue handle that we want to destroy created via nfq_create_queue
Removes the binding for the specified queue handle. This call also unbind from the nfqueue
handler, so you don't have to call nfq_unbind_pf.
Definition at line 585 of file libnetfilter_queue.c.
int nfq_fd (struct nfq_handle * h)
nfq_fd - get the file descriptor associated with the nfqueue handler
Parameters
h Netfilter queue connection handle obtained via call to nfq_open()
Returns
a file descriptor for the netlink connection associated with the given queue
connection handle. The file descriptor can then be used for receiving the queued
packets for processing.
This function returns a file descriptor that can be used for communication over the
netlink connection associated with the given queue connection handle.
Definition at line 308 of file libnetfilter_queue.c.
int nfq_handle_packet (struct nfq_handle * h, char * buf, int len)
nfq_handle_packet - handle a packet received from the nfqueue subsystem
Parameters
h Netfilter queue connection handle obtained via call to nfq_open()
buf data to pass to the callback
len length of packet data in buffer
Triggers an associated callback for the given packet received from the queue. Packets can
be read from the queue using nfq_fd() and recv(). See example code for nfq_fd().
Returns
0 on success, non-zero on failure.
Definition at line 609 of file libnetfilter_queue.c.
int nfq_set_mode (struct nfq_q_handle * qh, uint8_t mode, uint32_t range)
nfq_set_mode - set the amount of packet data that nfqueue copies to userspace
Parameters
qh Netfilter queue handle obtained by call to nfq_create_queue().
mode the part of the packet that we are interested in
range size of the packet that we want to get
Sets the amount of data to be copied to userspace for each packet queued to the given
queue.
• NFQNL_COPY_NONE - noop, do not use it
• NFQNL_COPY_META - copy only packet metadata
• NFQNL_COPY_PACKET - copy entire packet
Returns
-1 on error; >=0 otherwise.
Definition at line 630 of file libnetfilter_queue.c.
int nfq_set_queue_flags (struct nfq_q_handle * qh, uint32_t mask, uint32_t flags)
nfq_set_queue_flags - set flags (options) for the kernel queue
Parameters
qh Netfilter queue handle obtained by call to nfq_create_queue().
mask specifies which flag bits to modify
flags bitmask of flags
Existing flags, that you may want to combine, are:
• NFQA_CFG_F_FAIL_OPEN (requires Linux kernel >= 3.6): the kernel will accept the packets
if the kernel queue gets full. If this flag is not set, the default action in this case
is to drop packets.
• NFQA_CFG_F_CONNTRACK (requires Linux kernel >= 3.6): the kernel will include the
Connection Tracking system information.
• NFQA_CFG_F_GSO (requires Linux kernel >= 3.10): the kernel will not normalize offload
packets, i.e. your application will need to be able to handle packets larger than the
mtu.
Normalization is expensive, so this flag should always be set. Because attributes in
netlink messages are limited to 65531 bytes, you also need to check the NFQA_CAP_LEN
attribute, it contains the original size of the captured packet on the kernel side. If it
is set and differs from the payload length, the packet was truncated. This also happens
when limiting capture size with the NFQNL_COPY_PACKET setting, or when e.g. a local user
sends a very large packet.
If your application validates checksums (e.g., tcp checksum), then you must also check if
the NFQA_SKB_INFO attribute is present. If it is, you need to test the
NFQA_SKB_CSUMNOTREADY bit:
if (attr[NFQA_SKB_INFO]) {
uint32_t info = ntohl(mnl_attr_get_u32(attr[NFQA_SKB_INFO]));
if (info & NFQA_SKB_CSUMNOTREADY)
validate_checksums = false;
}
if this bit is set, the layer 3/4 checksums of the packet appear incorrect, but are not
(because they will be corrected later by the kernel). Please see example/nf-queue.c in the
libnetfilter_queue source for more details.
• NFQA_CFG_F_UID_GID: the kernel will dump UID and GID of the socket to which each
packet belongs.
Here's a little code snippet to show how to use this API:
uint32_t flags = NFQA_CFG_F_FAIL_OPEN;
uint32_t mask = NFQA_CFG_F_FAIL_OPEN;
printf("Enabling fail-open on this q0);
err = nfq_set_queue_flags(qh, mask, flags);
printf("Disabling fail-open on this q0);
flags &= ~NFQA_CFG_F_FAIL_OPEN;
err = nfq_set_queue_flags(qh, mask, flags);
• NFQA_CFG_F_SECCTX: the kernel will dump security context of the socket to which each
packet belongs.
Warning
When fragmentation occurs and NFQA_CFG_F_GSO is NOT set then the kernel dumps UID/GID
and security context fields only for one fragment. To deal with this limitation always
set NFQA_CFG_F_GSO.
Returns
-1 on error with errno set appropriately; =0 otherwise.
Definition at line 719 of file libnetfilter_queue.c.
int nfq_set_queue_maxlen (struct nfq_q_handle * qh, uint32_t queuelen)
nfq_set_queue_maxlen - Set kernel queue maximum length parameter
Parameters
qh Netfilter queue handle obtained by call to nfq_create_queue().
queuelen the length of the queue
Sets the size of the queue in kernel. This fixes the maximum number of packets the kernel
will store before internally before dropping upcoming packets.
Returns
-1 on error; >=0 otherwise.
Definition at line 752 of file libnetfilter_queue.c.
int nfq_set_verdict (struct nfq_q_handle * qh, uint32_t id, uint32_t verdict, uint32_t
data_len, const unsigned char * buf)
nfq_set_verdict - issue a verdict on a packet
Parameters
qh Netfilter queue handle obtained by call to nfq_create_queue().
id ID assigned to packet by netfilter.
verdict verdict to return to netfilter (NF_ACCEPT, NF_DROP)
data_len number of bytes of data pointed to by buf
buf the buffer that contains the packet data
Can be obtained by:
int id;
struct nfqnl_msg_packet_hdr *ph = nfq_get_msg_packet_hdr(tb);
if (ph)
id = ntohl(ph->packet_id);
Notifies netfilter of the userspace verdict for the given packet. Every queued packet must
have a verdict specified by userspace, either by calling this function, the
nfq_set_verdict2() function, or the _batch versions of these functions.
Returns
-1 on error; >= 0 otherwise.
Definition at line 856 of file libnetfilter_queue.c.
int nfq_set_verdict2 (struct nfq_q_handle * qh, uint32_t id, uint32_t verdict, uint32_t mark,
uint32_t data_len, const unsigned char * buf)
nfq_set_verdict2 - like nfq_set_verdict, but you can set the mark.
Parameters
qh Netfilter queue handle obtained by call to nfq_create_queue().
id ID assigned to packet by netfilter.
verdict verdict to return to netfilter (NF_ACCEPT, NF_DROP)
mark mark to put on packet
data_len number of bytes of data pointed to by buf
buf the buffer that contains the packet data
Definition at line 874 of file libnetfilter_queue.c.
int nfq_set_verdict_batch (struct nfq_q_handle * qh, uint32_t id, uint32_t verdict)
nfq_set_verdict_batch - issue verdicts on several packets at once
Parameters
qh Netfilter queue handle obtained by call to nfq_create_queue().
id maximum ID of the packets that the verdict should be applied to.
verdict verdict to return to netfilter (NF_ACCEPT, NF_DROP)
Unlike nfq_set_verdict, the verdict is applied to all queued packets whose packet id is
smaller or equal to id.
batch support was added in Linux 3.1. These functions will fail silently on older kernels.
Definition at line 895 of file libnetfilter_queue.c.
int nfq_set_verdict_batch2 (struct nfq_q_handle * qh, uint32_t id, uint32_t verdict, uint32_t
mark)
nfq_set_verdict_batch2 - like nfq_set_verdict_batch, but you can set a mark.
Parameters
qh Netfilter queue handle obtained by call to nfq_create_queue().
id maximum ID of the packets that the verdict should be applied to.
verdict verdict to return to netfilter (NF_ACCEPT, NF_DROP)
mark mark to put on packet
Definition at line 910 of file libnetfilter_queue.c.
int nfq_set_verdict_mark (struct nfq_q_handle * qh, uint32_t id, uint32_t verdict, uint32_t
mark, uint32_t data_len, const unsigned char * buf)
nfq_set_verdict_mark - like nfq_set_verdict, but you can set the mark.
Parameters
qh Netfilter queue handle obtained by call to nfq_create_queue().
id ID assigned to packet by netfilter.
verdict verdict to return to netfilter (NF_ACCEPT, NF_DROP)
mark the mark to put on the packet, in network byte order.
data_len number of bytes of data pointed to by buf
buf the buffer that contains the packet data
Returns
-1 on error; >= 0 otherwise.
This function is deprecated since it is broken, its use is highly discouraged. Please, use
nfq_set_verdict2 instead.
Definition at line 932 of file libnetfilter_queue.c.
Author
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