Provided by: heartbeat_3.0.6-13build1_amd64 
NAME
ha.cf - Configuration file for the Heartbeat cluster messaging layer
DESCRIPTION
/etc/ha.d/ha.cf is read by heartbeat(8) upon node start-up. It lists the communication
facilities enabled between nodes, enables or disables certain features, and optionally
lists the cluster nodes by host name.
This file can safely be made world readable, but should be writable only by root.
GLOBAL DIRECTIVES
Some directives in ha.cf are global in nature. The order of these global options is
important in configuring the ha.cf file, since each directive is interpreted as it is
encountered in ha.cf.
These directives are use_logd and udpport. It is recommended that these be placed first in
the ha.cf file when they are entered.
Other directives in this category are baud, logfacility, logfile, and debugfile, but those
directives are deprecated and should no longer be used.
SUPPORTED DIRECTIVES
The following directives are supported in ha.cf (listed here in alphabetical order):
apiauth
This directive specifies what users and/or groups are allowed to connect to a specific
API group name. The syntax is simple:
apiauth apigroupname [uid=uid1,uid2 ...] [gid=gid1,gid2 ...]
You can specify either a uid list, or a gid list, or both. However you must specify
either a uid list or a gid list. If you include both a uid list and a gid list, then a
process is authorized to connect to that API group if if it is either in the uid-list
or it is in the gid-list.
The API group name default has special meaning. If it is specified, it will be used
for authorizing clients without any API group name, and all client groups not
identified by any other apiauth directive.
Unless you specify otherwise in the ha.cf file, certain services will be provided
default authorizations as follows:
Table 1. Default service authorizations
┌──────────────┬─────────────────┐
│Service │ Default apiauth │
├──────────────┼─────────────────┤
│ipfail │ uid=hacluster │
├──────────────┼─────────────────┤
│ccm │ gid=haclient │
├──────────────┼─────────────────┤
│ping │ gid=haclient │
├──────────────┼─────────────────┤
│cl_status │ gid=haclient │
├──────────────┼─────────────────┤
│lha-snmpagent │ uid=root │
├──────────────┼─────────────────┤
│crmd │ uid=hacluster │
└──────────────┴─────────────────┘
autojoin
The autojoin directive enables nodes to join automatically just by communicating with
the cluster, hence not requiring node directives in the ha.cf file. Since our
communication is normally strongly authenticated, only nodes which know the cluster
key can join (automatically or otherwise).
The values you can give for the autojoin directive have the following meanings:
• none: disables automatic joining.
• other: allows nodes other than ourself who are not listed in ha.cf to join
automatically. In other words, our node has to be listed in ha.cf, but other nodes
do not.
• any: allows any node to join automatically without being listed in ha.cf, even the
current node.
Note that the set of nodes currently considered part of the cluster is kept in the
hostcache file. With autojoin enabled, the node directive is no longer authoritative -
the hostcache file is.
bcast
The bcast directive is used to configure which interfaces Heartbeat sends UDP
broadcast traffic on. More than one interface can be specified on the line. The
udpport directive is used to configure which port is used for these broadcast
communications if the udpport directive is specified before the bcast directive,
otherwise the default port will be used. A couple of sample bcast lines are shown
below.
bcast eth0 eth1 # on Linux systems
bcast le0 # for Solaris systems
Note
Broadcast links are not supported in Pacemaker clusters on BSD systems.
compression
The compression directive sets which compression method will be used when a message is
big and compression is needed.
It could be either zlib or bz2, depending on whether you have the corresponding
library in the system. You can check /usr/lib/heartbeat/plugins/compress, to see what
compression module is available. Requires cluster-glue >= 1.0.10.
If this directive is not set, there will be no compression.
compression_threshold
The compression_threshold directive sets the threshold to compress a message, e.g. if
the threshold is 1, then any message with size greater than 1 KB will be compressed.
The default is 2 (KB). This directive only makes sense if you have set the compression
directive.
conn_logd_time
The conn_logd_time directive specifies the time Heartbeat will reconnect to the
logging daemon if the connection between Heartbeat and the logging daemon is broken.
The conn_logd_time is specified according to the Heartbeat time syntax, for example:
conn_logd_time 60 #60 seconds
The default is 60 seconds.
Note
Heartbeat will not automatically reconnect to the logging daemon. It only tries to
reconnect when it needs to log a message and conn_logd_time have passed since the
last attempt to connect.
coredumps
The coredumps directive tells Heartbeat to do things to enable making core dumps -
should it need to dump core.
The allowed values are true and false.
crm
historical, for Cluster Resource Manager, now an alias to pacemaker
pacemaker
Enables the Pacemaker cluster manager. For historical reasons, the default for this
option is off; however, it should always be set to respawn.
When set to respawn, the directive automatically implies, with proper search paths,
something similar to:
apiauth cib uid=hacluster
apiauth crmd uid=hacluster
apiauth stonithd uid=root
apiauth stonithd-ng uid=root
apiauth attrd uid=hacluster
apiauth pingd uid=root
respawn hacluster ccm
respawn hacluster cib
respawn root stonithd
respawn root lrmd
respawn hacluster attrd
respawn hacluster pengine
respawn hacluster crmd
crm_daemon_dir
The paths where heartbeat looks first for pacemaker daemons (cib, lrmd, stonithd,
pengine, attd, crmd, see above). If not set, uses /usr/libexec/pacemaker. Always falls
back to /usr/libexec/heartbeat. (both hardcoded at compile time). If any daemon is not
found or inaccessible at startup time, this is treated as a configuration error and
startup fails.
crmd_spawns_pengine
If pacemaker crmd spawns the pengine (policy engine daemon) itself, it sometimes
"forgets" to kill the pengine on shutdown, which later may confuse the system after
cluster restart. "crmd_spawns_pengine off" tells the system that Heartbeat is supposed
to control the pengine directly.
deadtime
The deadtime directive is used to specify how quickly Heartbeat should decide that a
node in a cluster is dead. Setting this value too low will cause the system to falsely
declare itself dead. Setting it too high will delay takeover after the failure of a
node in the cluster.
debug
The debug directive is used to set the level of debugging in effect in the system.
Production systems should have their debug level set to zero (i.e., turned off). This
is the default. Legal values of the debug option are between 0-255. The most useful
values are between 0 (off) and 3. Setting the debug level greater than 1 can have an
adverse effect on the size of your log files, and on the system's ability to send
heartbeats at rapid rates, thus affecting the cluster reliability.
The debug level of the system can also be specified on the command line using the -d
option. Additionally, the debug level of the system can be dynamically changed by
sending the heartbeat process SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2 signals. SIGUSR1 raises the debug
level, and SIGUSR2 lowers it.
hbgenmethod time|file
The hbgenmethod directive specifies how Heartbeat should compute its current
generation number for communications. This is a specialized and obscure directive,
used mainly in firewalls which have no local disk, and other devices which do not have
a method of storing data persistently across reboots. It defaults to storing the
Heartbeat generations in a file. Generation numbers are used by Heartbeat for replay
attack protection.
Warning
If one specifies the time method, there are certain possible cases where troubles
can arise. If a machine restarts Heartbeat and its local time of day clock is less
than or equal to than the value of the time of day clock when Heartbeat last
started, then that node will be unable to join the cluster.
initdead
The initdead parameter is used to set the time that it takes to declare a cluster node
dead when Heartbeat is first started. This parameter generally needs to be set to a
higher value, because experience suggests that it sometimes takes operating systems
many seconds for their communication systems before they operate correctly. initdead
is specified according to the Heartbeat time syntax. A sample initdead value is shown
below:
initdead 30
In some switched network environments, switches engage in a spanning tree algorithm
whenever a NIC connects to a port. This can take a long time to complete, and it is
only necessary if the NIC being connected is another switch. If this is the case, you
may be able to configure certain NICs as not being switches and shrink the connection
delay significantly. If not, you'll need to raise initdead to make this problem go
away.
If this is set too low, you'll see one node declare the other as dead.
keepalive
The keepalive directive sets the interval between heartbeat packets. It is specified
according to the Heartbeat time syntax.
logfacility
The logfacility is used to tell Heartbeat which syslog logging facility it should use
for logging its messages.
The possible values for logfacility vary by operating system, but some of the most
common ones are {auth, authpriv, daemon, syslog, user, local0, local1, local2, local3,
local4, local5, local6, local7}.
A sample logfacility directive is shown below:
logfacility local7
If you want to disable logging to syslog:
logfacility none
mcast
The mcast directive is used to configure a multicast communication path. The syntax of
an mcast directive is:
mcast dev mcast-group udp-port ttl 0
• dev - IP device to send/rcv heartbeats on
• mcast-group - multicast group to join (class D multicast address 224.0.0.0 -
239.255.255.255). For most Heartbeat uses, you should chose from "The IPv4
Organization Local Scope -- 239.192.0.0/14".
Do not use reserved or well known multicast addresses.
You likely would seriously confuse a lot of network devices.
• port - UDP port to sendto/rcvfrom (set this to the same value as udpport)
• ttl - the ttl value for outbound heartbeats. This affects how far the multicast
packet will propagate. (0-255). Set to 1 for the current subnet. Must be greater
than zero.
A sample mcast directive is shown below:
mcast eth0 239.0.0.1 694 1 0
mcast6
The mcast6 directive is to configure an IPv6 multicast communication path. The syntax
of an mcast directive is:
mcast6 [device] [mcast6 group] [port] [mcast6 hops] [mcast6 loop]
For example, using link-local scope with some "transient" group:
mcast6 eth0 ff12::1:2:3:4 694 1 0
• device - IP device to send/rcv heartbeats on
• mcast6 group - multicast group to join. Refer to
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3513#section-2.7 for valid and reserved IPv6
multicast addresses.
For most heartbeat uses, addresses should be taken from:
ff12::/16
Plausibility checking code during config file parsing will reject some, but will
probably not be able to catch all unsuitable addresses. Please understand the IPv6
multicast addressing scheme first.
Do not use reserved or well known multicast addresses.
You likely would seriously confuse a lot of network devices.
• port - UDP port to sendto/rcvfrom
• mcast6 hops - affects how far the multicast packet will propagate (sockopt:
IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS). (0-4). Set to 1 for link-local.
• loop - sockopt IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP; always set to 0
msgfmt classic|netstring
The msgfmt directive specifies the format Heartbeat uses in wire.
• classic - Heartbeat will convert a message into a string and transmit in wire.
Binary values are converted with a base64 library.
• netstring - Binary messages will be transmitted directly. This is more efficient
since it avoids conversion between string and binary values.
When in doubt, leave the default (classic).
node
The node directive tells what machines are in the cluster. The syntax of the node
directive is simple:
node nodename1 nodename2 ...
Node names in the directive must match the "uname -n" of that machine.
You can declare multiple node names in one directive. You can also use the directive
multiple times. Normally every node in the cluster must be listed in the ha.cf file,
including the current node, unless the autojoin directive is enabled.
The node directive is not completely authoritative with regard to nodes heartbeat will
communicate with. If a node has ever been added in the past, it will tend to remain in
the hostcache file more until it's manually removed.
realtime on|off
The realtime directive specifies whether or not Heartbeat should try and take
advantage of the operating system's realtime scheduling features. When enabled,
Heartbeat will lock itself into memory, and raise its priority to a realtime priority
(as set by the rtprio directive). This feature is mainly used for debugging various
kinds of loops which might otherwise cripple the system and impair debugging them.
The default is on.
rtprio
The rtprio directive is used to specify the priority at which Heartbeat runs. It does
not need to be specified unless other realtime priority programs are also running on
the system. The minimum and maximum values for this field can be determined from the
sched_get_priority_min(SCHED_FIFO) and sched_get_priority_max(SCHED_FIFO) calls
respectively. The default value for rtprio is halfway between the minimum and maximum
values.
A sample rtprio directive is shown below:
rtprio 5
ucast
The ucast directive configures Heartbeat to communicate over a UDP unicast
communications link. The udpport directive is used to configure which port is used for
these unicast communications if the udpport directive is specified before the ucast
directive, otherwise the default port will be used.
The general syntax of a ucast directive is:
ucast dev peer-ip-address
Where dev is the device to use when talking to the peer, and peer-ip-address is the IP
address we will send packets to.
A sample ucast directive is shown below:
ucast eth0 10.10.10.133
This directive will cause us to send packets to 10.10.10.133 over interface eth0.
Note that ucast directives which go to the local machine are effectively ignored. This
allows the ha.cf directives on all machines to be identical.
ucast6
The ucast6 directive configures Heartbeat to communicate over a IPv6 UDP unicast
communications link. The udpport directive is used to configure which port is used for
these unicast communications if the udpport directive is specified before the ucast
directive, otherwise the default port will be used.
The general syntax of a ucast6 directive is:
ucast dev peer-ipv6-address
Where dev is the device to use when talking to the peer, and peer-ip-address is the IP
address we will send packets to.
A sample ucast directive is shown below:
ucast6 eth1 fe80::5054:ff:fe29:3949
This directive will cause us to send packets to the specified (in this example:
link-local) address via the specified interface.
As the sockets will be bound to the specified interface, you have to ensure the
specified address is in fact reachable via that interface.
For link-local addresses, you may explicitly specify the "scope-id" (in the example
you would add %eth1 to the address). If you do, it has to match the device. If you
leave it off, the specified device name is implied.
Note that ucast6 directives which go to the local machine are effectively ignored.
This allows the ha.cf directives on all machines to be identical.
udpport
The udpport directive specifies which port Heartbeat will use for its UDP
intra-cluster communication. There are two common reasons for overriding this value:
there are multiple bcast clusters on the same subnet, or this port is already in use
in accordance with some locally-established policy.
The default value for this parameter is the the port ha-cluster in /etc/services (if
present), or 694 if port ha-cluster is not in /etc/services. 694 is the IANA
registered port number for Heartbeat (a.k.a. ha-cluster).
A sample udpport directive is shown below.
udpport 694
You have to configure udpport (in ha.cf) before you configure ucast or bcast, if not
heartbeat will use the default port (694).
Note
Due to a specification error in the syntax of the mcast directive, this directive
does not apply to mcast communications.
use_logd on|off
The use_logd directive specifies whether Heartbeat logs its messages through logging
daemon or not.
If the logging daemon is used, all log messages will be sent through IPC to the
logging daemon, which then writes them into log files. In case the logging daemon dies
(for whatever reason), a warning message will be logged and all messages will be
written to log files directly.
If the logging daemon is used, logfile/debugfile/logfacility in this file are not
meaningful any longer. You should check the config file for logging daemon (the
default is /etc/logd.cf).
If use_logd is not used, all log messages will be written to log files directly.
The logging daemon is started/stopped in heartbeat script.
Setting use_logd to "on" is recommended.
uuidfrom
In the normal case, heartbeat generates a UUID for each node in the system as a way of
uniquely identifying a node - even if it should change nodenames. This UUID is
typically stored in the file /var/lib/heartbeat/hb_uuid.
For certain kinds of installations (those booting from CDs or other read-only media),
it is impossible for heartbeat to save a generated to disk as it normally does. In
these cases, one can use the uuidfrom directive to instruct heartbeat to use the
nodename as though it were a UUID, by specifying uuidfrom nodename.
All possible legal uuidfrom directives are shown below.
uuidfrom file
uuidfrom nodename
warntime
The warntime directive is used to specify how quickly Heartbeat should issue a "late
heartbeat" warning.
The warntime value is specified according to the HeartbeatTimeSyntax. A sample
warntime specification is shown below.
warntime 10 # 10 seconds
The warntime directive is important for tuning deadtime
DEPRECATED DIRECTIVES
The following directives are interpreted by the configuration file parser for historical
reasons, but should be considered deprecated and should no longer be used.
auto_failback
In legacy Heartbeat clusters, the auto_failback option would determine whether a
resource would automatically fail back to its "primary" node, or remain on whatever
node is serving it until that node fails, or an administrator intervenes. The possible
values for auto_failback were:
• on - enable automatic failbacks
• off - disable automatic failback
• legacy - enable automatic failbacks in systems where all nodes in the cluster do
not yet support the auto_failback option.
This option has been replaced the configurable failback policies in Pacemaker, and
should no longer be used.
baud
The baud directive is used to set the speed for serial communications. Any of the
following speeds can be specified, provided they are supported by your operating
system: 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200, 230400, 460800. The default speed is 19200.
This option is obsolete as serial links should not be used in Pacemaker clusters.
deadping
The deadping directive is used to specify how quickly Heartbeat should decide that a
ping node in a cluster is dead. Setting this value too low will cause the system to
falsely declare the ping node dead. Setting it too high will delay detection of
communication failure.
This feature has been replaced by the more flexible pingd resource agent in Pacemaker,
and should no longer be used.
debugfile
The debugfile directive specifies the file Heartbeat will write debug messages to.
This directive is ignored when use_logd is specified. Enabling use_logd is the
recommended approach.
hbaping
Hbaping directives are given to declare fiber channel devices as ping nodes.
This directive was never fully supported in Heartbeat (requiring manual modifications
to the code base) and should not be used.
hopfudge
The hopfudge directive controls how many nodes a packet can be forwarded through
before it is thrown away in the worst case. However, the hopfudge value is added to
the number of nodes in the system. It defaults to 1.
This option applies to serial links only, which are deprecated.
logfile
The logfile directive configures a log file. All non-debug messages from Heartbeat
will go into this file.
This directive is ignored when use_logd is specified. Enabling use_logd is the
recommended approach.
ping
Ping directives are given to declare ping nodes to Heartbeat. The syntax of the ping
directive is simple:
ping ip-address ...
Each IP address listed in a ping directive is considered to be independent. That is,
connectivity to each node is considered to be equally important.
In order to declare that a group of nodes are equally qualified for a particular
function, and that the presence of any of them indicates successful communication, use
the ping_group directive.
This feature has been replaced by the more flexible pingd resource agent in Pacemaker,
and should no longer be used.
ping_group
Ping group directives are given to declare a group ping node to Heartbeat. syntax of
the ping_group directive is as follows:
ping_group group-name ip-address ...
Each IP address listed in a ping_group directive is considered to be related, and
connectivity to any one node is considered to be connectivity to the group.
A ping group is considered by Heartbeat to be a single cluster node (group-name). The
ability to communicate with any of the group members means that the group-name member
is reachable. This is useful when (for example) two different routers may be used to
contact the internet, depending on which is up, or when finding an appropriate
reliable single ping node is difficult.
This feature has been replaced by the more flexible pingd resource agent in Pacemaker,
and should no longer be used.
respawn
The respawn directive is used to specify a program to run and monitor while it runs.
If this program exits with anything other than exit code 100, it will be automatically
restarted. The first parameter is the user id to run the program under, and the second
parameter is the program to run. Subsequent parameters will be given to the program as
arguments.
This functionality was primarily designed for the legacy ipfail program, which has
been replaced by the more flexible pingd resource agent in Pacemaker. Thus, this
directive should no longer be used, except when it is implicitly generated by
pacemaker yes.
serial
The serial directive tells Heartbeat to use the specified serial port(s) for its
communication. The parameters to the serial directive are the names of tty devices
suitable for opening without waiting for carrier first. On Linux, those ports are
typically named /dev/ttySX.
A few sample serial directives are shown below:
serial /dev/ttyS0 /dev/ttyS1 # Linux
serial /dev/cuaa0 # FreeBSD
serial /dev/cua/a # Solaris
The baud directive is used to configure the baud rate for the port(s) if the baud
directive is specified before the serial directive, otherwise the default baud rate
will be used.
Using this option is strongly discouraged in Pacemaker clusters, as its CIB updates
can easily hit practical message size limits for serial links, with undefined results.
stonith
The stonith directive is used to configure Heartbeat's legacy STONITH configuration.
It assumes you're going to put in a STONITH configuration file on each machine in the
cluster to configure the (single) STONITH device that this node will use to reset the
other node in the cluster.
This functionality has been replaced by STONITH agents in Pacemaker.
stonith_host
The stonith_host directive is used to configure Heartbeat's (release 1 only), STONITH
configuration. With this directive, you put all the STONITH configuration information
for the devices in your cluster in the ha.cf file, rather than in a separate file.
This functionality has been replaced by STONITH agents in Pacemaker.
traditional_compression on|off
This directive enables traditional compression (messages are compressed as a whole,
including message header information). Defaults to off. Pacemaker clusters with
significant number of node/resources may need to enable this, because Pacemaker not
always chose to send compressible payload field types. If uncompressed packet sizes
exceed maximum message size, this method may be tried implicitly as a fallback, even
if switched off. You should combine this with a sufficiently high
compression_threshold. May impact real time performance.
watchdog
The watchdog directive configures Heartbeat to use a watchdog device. In some
circumstances, a watchdog device can be used in place of a STONITH device. In any
case, it is a reasonable thing to configure if you don't have a STONITH device, or if
you wish, in addition to your STONITH device.
It is the purpose of a watchdog device to shut the machine down if Heartbeat does not
hear its own heartbeats as often as it thinks it should. This keeps things like
scheduler bugs from becoming split-brain configurations.
The general syntax of a watchdog directive is:
watchdog watchdog-device-name
A sample watchdog directive is shown below:
watchdog /dev/watchdog
The most common watchdog device currently used with general Linux systems is the
softdog device. The softdog device is a software-based watchdog device and is usually
referred to as /dev/watchdog - although like most UNIX devices, this is a convention
not a rule.
This functionality has been replaced by cluster self-monitoring and STONITH resource
agents in Pacemaker. This directive should no longer be used.
REQUIRED DIRECTIVES
The following directives must always be present in ha.cf:
• At least one communication topology directive (bcast, mcast, or ucast);
• Either one or more node directives, or autojoin any.
EXAMPLE
Below is an example ha.cf for a 2-node Pacemaker cluster with redundant network
communication paths:
# understood time specifications:
# 2 | 2 seconds
# 1.7 | 1.7 seconds
# 2000ms | 2 seconds
# 1700ms | 1.7 seconds
keepalive 1
warntime 6
deadtime 10
initdead 120 # your choice.
# debug 1 # or more
# Or use kill -USR1 to increase at runtime, USR2 to decrease.
# LOGGING: your choice.
#
# Note: if you want pacemaker to NOT write any log file at all,
# you may need to explicitly use: logfile /dev/null
# (and use a recent cluster glue!)
#
# logfile /var/log/ha.log
# debugfile /var/log/ha-debug.log
# logfacility local7
# or use logd, which is configured in /etc/logd.cf
# use_logd on
mcast eth0 239.192.0.42 694 1 0
ucast eth1 10.0.0.7
ucast eth1 10.0.0.8
node alice
node bob
compression bz2
compression_threshold 20
traditional_compression on
# if you want to pass certain environments to child processes (pacemaker),
# you could do:
# env logpriority=debug
# Where to look for pacemaker daemons first.
# Use if you use a different pacemaker path:
# crm_daemon_dir /usr/libexec/pacemaker
# If pacemaker crmd spawns the pengine itself,
# it sometimes "forgets" to kill the pengine on shutdown,
# which later may confuse the system after cluster restart.
# Tell the system that Heartbeat is supposed to control the pengine directly.
crmd_spawns_pengine off
pacemaker respawn
AUTHORS
Alan Robertson <alanr@unix.sh>
heartbeat, original Wiki page
Lars Ellenberg <lars.ellenberg@linbit.com>
Heartbeat Maintainer; code fixes; documentation updates
Florian Haas <florian.haas@linbit.com>
initial man page