Provided by: firewalk_5.0-5_amd64 bug

NAME

       firewalk - Active Reconnaissance Network Security Tool with Extreme Prejudice

SYNOPSIS

       firewalk [-dhinprSsTtvx] target_gateway metric

DESCRIPTION

       Firewalk is an active reconnaissance network security tool that attempts to determine what
       layer 4 protocols a  given IP forwarding device will pass.  Firewalk   works   by  sending
       out  TCP  or UDP packets with a TTL one greater than the targeted gateway.  If the gateway
       allows the traffic, it will forward the packets to the next hop where they will expire and
       elicit  an ICMP_TIME_EXCEEDED  message.  If the gateway hostdoes not allow the traffic, it
       will likely drop the packets on  the floor and we will see no response.

       To get  the  correct  IP  TTL that will result in expired packets one beyond  the  gateway
       we  need   to   ramp   up   hop-counts.   We  do  this  in the same manner that traceroute
       works.  Once we have the gateway hopcount (at  that point the scan is said to be  `bound`)
       we can begin our scan.

       It  is significant to note the fact that the ultimate destination host does not have to be
       reached.  It just  needs to be somewhere downstream, on the other  side  of  the  gateway,
       from the scanning host.  Please see http://www.wiley.com/cda/product/0,,0471205443,00.html
       for more information on Firewalking and networking security tools in general.

COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS

       If an option takes an argument, it proceedes  the  option  letter,  with  the  default  in
       parenthesis.

       -d 1-65535 (34434)
                      Specify  the  initial  destination port to use during the network discovery
                      (aka TTL ramping) phase.

       -h             Program help.

       -i interface_name
                      Specify interface to use.  Only necessary on multi-homed machines.

       -n             Do not resolve IP addresses into hostnames.  This saves a  DNS  lookup  and
                      speeds the scans (mainly during network discovery).

       -P 1-2000 (0)  Set a network writing pause which may be necessary to keep the program from
                      flooding the network.

       -p TCP, UDP (UDP)
                      Type of scan to perform.

       -r             Strict RFC 793 compliance.  This only comes into play when doing a TCP scan
                      when  your packets have an expire vector of one and your metric host is one
                      hop from your gateway.  Since the packets  will  reach  their  destination,
                      they will not expire, so we look for terminal responses.  For a TCP port in
                      the listen state, we will get back a SYN|ACK with the ACK as our SEQ  +  1.
                      However,  for  a closed port, the response is stack dependent.  If the host
                      is RFC compliant we will receive an RST|ACK with the ACK as our  SEQ  +  1.
                      However,  if the host is not compliant (ie: microsoft) then the best we can
                      do is inverse tuple matching (which is the default).

       -S 1-65535,... (1-130,139,1025)
                      Specify the ports  for  the  scan.   Ports  may  be  specified  in  ranges,
                      delimited  by  dashes,  and  multiple ranges may be specified, delimited by
                      commas.  Omitting the terminating port number is shorthand for 65535.

       -s 1-65535 (53)
                      Specify the source port for the scan (both phases).

       -T 1-2000 (2)  Network packet reading timeout.  This  is  the  time  firewalk  will  spend
                      waiting for a response before timing out.

       -t 1-25 (1)    Set  the initial IP time to live (TTL) value.  If a target gateway is known
                      to be (at least) n hops from the source host, the TTL can be  preloaded  to
                      facilitate a faster scan.

       -v             Dump program version and exit.

       -x expire vector (1)
                      The  expire  vector  is  the  number  of hops that the scanning probes will
                      expire, past the gateway host.  The binding hopcount is the hopcount of the
                      gateway + the expire vector.

       COMMAND-LINE EXAMPLES

CAVEATS

SEE ALSO

       traceroute(8), tracerx(8), pcap(3), libnet(3), dnet(3)

AUTHOR

       Mike D. Schiffman <mike@infonexus.com>

BUGS

       Please send bug reports to mike@infonexus.com