Provided by: gdnsd_3.8.0-1_amd64 bug

NAME

       gdnsd-plugin-weighted - gdnsd plugin implementing "weighted" records

SYNOPSIS

       Example plugin config:

         plugins => {
           weighted => {
             multi = false # default
             service_types = up
             up_thresh => 0.5 # default
             corpwww => {
               lb01 = [ lb01.example.org., 99 ]
               lb02 = [ lb02.example.org., 15 ]
               lb03 = [ lb03.example.org., 1 ]
             }
             frontwww6 => {
               service_types = up
               multi = true
               wwwhost01 = [ 2001:db8::123, 4 ]
               wwwhost02 = [ 2001:db8::456, 1 ]
               wwwhost03 = [ 2001:db8::789, 2 ]
             }
             pubwww => {
               service_types = [ web_check, foo ]
               up_thresh => 0.01,
               pubhost01 = [ 192.0.2.1, 44 ]
               pubhost02 = [ 192.0.2.2, 11 ]
               pubhost03 = [ 192.0.2.3, 11 ]
               pubhost04 = [ 192.0.2.4, 11 ]
             }
             cdnwww => {
               service_types = web_check
               datacenter1 => {
                 d1-lb1 = [ 127.0.0.1, 2 ]
                 d1-lb2 = [ 127.0.0.2, 2 ]
               }
               datacenter2 => {
                 d2-lb1 = [ 127.0.0.3, 2 ]
                 d2-lb2 = [ 127.0.0.4, 2 ]
                 d2-lb3 = [ 127.0.0.5, 1 ]
               }
             }
             mixed => {
               multi => false,
               addrs_v4 => {
                 lb1 = [ 127.0.0.3, 2 ]
                 lb2 = [ 127.0.0.4, 2 ]
               }
               addrs_v6 => {
                 multi => true
                 www6set1 = {
                   lb01 => [ 2001:db8::123, 4 ]
                   lb02 => [ 2001:db8::456, 1 ]
                 }
                 www6set2 = {
                   lb01 => [ 2001:db8::789, 4 ]
                   lb02 => [ 2001:db8::ABC, 1 ]
                 }
               }
             }
             cn => {
               service_types = my_cn_check
               foo = [ lb01.example.org., 99 ]
               bar = [ lb02.example.org., 15 ]
             }
           }
         }

       Zonefile RRs referencing the above, in example.com:

         www.corp   300 DYNC weighted!corpwww
         www6.front 300 DYNA weighted!frontwww6
         www        300 DYNC weighted!pubwww
         cdn        300 DYNA weighted!cdnwww
         mixed-a    300 DYNA weighted!mixed
         cnames     300 DYNC weighted!cn

DESCRIPTION

       gdnsd-plugin-weighted can be used to return one (or a subset) of several address records,
       or one of several CNAME records based on dynamic-weighted probabilities.

CONFIGURATION - TOP LEVEL

       At the top level, there are three special parameter keys: "service_types", "up_thresh",
       and "multi".  "multi" is ignored for CNAME-based resources.  All of these keys are
       inherited and override-able at the per-resource and per-address-family levels.

       "service_types" sets how the applicable addresses or CNAMEs are monitored.  The top-level
       default "service_types" is "up", which is a built-in service type provided by gdnsd.  For
       more information about configuring non-default service type's, see the main
       gdnsd.config(5) documentation.

       "multi" is a boolean that can be "true" or "false", and defaults to "false".  "multi"
       controls the behavior of the algorithm for selecting result addresses, discussed in detail
       later.

       "up_thresh" defines a floating point fraction of summed address weights in the range "(0.0
       - 1.0]", defaulting to 0.5, and is used to influence failure/failover behavior.

       Other than those three, the rest of the top level keys are the names of your resources,
       and their values are the configuration of each resource.

CONFIGURATION - PER-RESOURCE

       Inside a given resource's configuration hash, again the three address-related parameters
       "services_types", "multi", and "up_thresh" may be specified to override their settings
       per-resource.

       There are two basic configuration modes within a resource:

       1) Explicit per-family address sub-stanzas.  In this mode, the resource contains one or
       more of the keys "addrs_v4" and "addrs_v6".  Usually one would use both together, as it's
       simpler to use the second option when configuring a single address family.

       The contents of each stanza configure response RRs of the given address type for this
       resource, and the 3 behavioral parameters "service_types", "multi", and "up_thresh" can be
       overridden per-address-family as well.

       2) Automatic top-level detection of just one address family or CNAMEs.  In this mode, you
       can configure the top-level of a resource with direct entries, so long as they are
       matching set of a single type: all IPv4 addresses, all IPv6 address, or all CNAMEs, and
       the type will be auto-detected.

       Resources which contain weighted lists of CNAMEs rather than addresses can only be used
       with "DYNC" RRs in zonefiles, whereas those that contain only addresses can be used in
       either "DYNC" or "DYNA" RRs.

CONFIGURATION - CNAMES

       When configuring cnames, the value of each item should be "[ CNAME, WEIGHT ]", and the
       resource will be useful for "DYNC" zonefile records, resolving to a weighted CNAME record
       in responses.  The selection algorithm based on weights and monitoring results is as
       documented below for addresses in the THE UNGROUPED SINGLE CASE, since groups of CNAMEs
       cannot be configured, and the "multi" option is not valid for them.

       CNAME data must be fully qualified (ends in "."), and a "DYNC" cannot be used to emit a
       CNAME that points into the same zone that contained the "DYNC".

CONFIGURATION - ADDRESSES

       With the exception that "addrs_v4" and "addrs_v6" must contain only addresses of the
       correct family (or in the top-level auto-detect case, the top level entries must all be of
       the same family), the two stanzas behave identically.  When both are present, they are
       both used in every "DYNA" response (as gdnsd always includes opposite-family records in
       the Additional section of A/AAAA queries).

       Within either address family type, there are two different binary dimensions (multi ->
       true/false, and grouped-vs-ungrouped) upon which the configuration and behavior hinge,
       leading to four different possible cases: ungrouped-single, ungrouped-multi, grouped-
       single, and grouped-multi.  Each will be discussed in detail below:

THE UNGROUPED SINGLE CASE

       This is the simplest case.  The code detects this case when it sees that "multi" is false
       (the default), and that the values of the keys are arrays rather than sub-hashes.  Each
       hash key is an address label, and each value is an array of "[ IPADDR, WEIGHT ]".

       When answering a query in this case, first the weights are converted to dynamic weights.
       The dynamic weight of an address is its configured weight if the monitored state is "UP",
       or zero if the monitored state is "DOWN".  The dynamic weights are summed to produce a
       dynamic weight total, and then a single address to respond with is chosen from the set,
       with each address having the odds "addr_dynamic_weight / total_dynamic_weight".

       However, if the "total_dynamic_weight" is less than "ceil(up_thresh *
       total_configured_weight)", then the dynamic weights are all reset to their configured full
       values so that the response odds are the same as if all were "UP", and resource-level
       failure is signalled to any upper-layer meta-plugin (e.g. metafo or geoip) when
       applicable.

       Example (X could be a whole resource, or an addrs_v4 stanza):

         X => {
           multi => false # default
           # odds below assume no addresses are down:
           lb01 => [ 192.0.2.1, 45 ] # 25% chance (45/180)
           lb02 => [ 192.0.2.1, 60 ] # 33% chance (60/180)
           lb03 => [ 192.0.2.1, 75 ] # 42% chance (75/180)
         }

THE UNGROUPED MULTI CASE

       This case is detected when, (as above) the values of the keys are arrays of "[ IPADDR,
       WEIGHT]", but the parameter "multi" is true.  The change from the above behavior is
       primarily that multiple addresses from the weighted set can be returned in each response.
       The "maximum", rather than the sum, of the dynamic weights (again, zero for down
       addresses, configured-weight otherwise), is found, and the odds of each address's
       inclusion in the response set is "addr_dyanmic_weight / max_dynamic_weight".

       This means all non-"DOWN" addresses which share the group's maximum dynamic weight value
       will always be included, whereas others will be optionally included depending on the odds.
       At least one address is always returned (because logically, at least one address has the
       maximum weight, giving it a 100% chance), and sometimes the full non-"DOWN" set will be
       returned.

       "up_thresh" behaves as in the previous case: If the sum of the dynamic weight values is
       less than "ceil(up_thresh * total_configured_weight)", then the dynamic weights are all
       set to their configured values and the result set is calculated as if all were "UP", while
       signalling resource-level failure to upstream meta-plugins (geoip or metafo).

       Example:

         X => {
           multi => true
           # odds below assume no addresses are down:
           lb01 => [ 192.0.2.1, 45 ] # 75% chance (45/60)
           lb02 => [ 192.0.2.1, 60 ] # 100% chance (60/60)
           lb03 => [ 192.0.2.1, 60 ] # 100% chance (60/60)
           # overall possible result-sets:
           # lb01,lb02,lb03 -> 75%
           # lb02,lb03 -> 25%
         }

THE GROUPED SINGLE CASE

       The grouped cases are detected when the keys' values are sub-hashes at the outer level
       rather than arrays of "[ IPADDR, WEIGHT]".  In the grouped case, first the set is divided
       into named groups, and then within each group individual addresses are configured as
       "addrlabel => [ IPADDR, WEIGHT ]".

       Example:

          X => {
            group1 => {
              lb01 => [ 192.0.2.1, 10 ]
              lb02 => [ 192.0.2.1, 20 ]
              lb03 => [ 192.0.2.1, 30 ]
            }
            group2 => {
              lb01 => [ 192.0.2.7, 10 ]
              lb02 => [ 192.0.2.8, 20 ]
              lb03 => [ 192.0.2.9, 30 ]
            }
          }

       The grouped single case, of course, occurs when the configuration layout is as shown
       above, and the "multi" parameter is "false" (the default).

       In grouped-single mode, essentially the groups are weighted against each other similarly
       to the single case for ungrouped addresses, resulting in the choice of a single group from
       the set of groups. Then the addresses within the chosen group are weighted against each
       other in multi-style, returning potentially more than one address from the chosen group.

       Specifically, each group's odds of being the single group chosen is "group_dyn_weight /
       total_dyn_weight", where the group's dynamic weight is the sum of the dynamic weights
       within it ("DOWN" addresses are zero), and the total dynamic weight is the dynamic sum of
       all groups.  Then within each group, the odds of each address being included in the multi-
       response set is "addr_dyn_weight / group_max_dyn_weight".

       "up_thresh" operates on all groups as a whole, and if the non-"DOWN" sum of all weights in
       all groups fails to meet the standard of "ceil(up_thresh * total_sum_configured_weight)",
       then all addresses will be treated as if they are "UP" for selection purposes, and
       resource-level failure will be signalled upstream.

THE GROUPED MULTI CASE

       You can probably infer this one's behavior from reading about the previous three cases.
       The difference from the previous grouped-single case is that the multi-vs-single behaviors
       are reversed.  Multiple groups are chosen based on the dynamic maximum weight between the
       groups, and a single weighted address is returned from the subset within each chosen
       group.  All of the details above logically apply in the way you would expect, as all of
       these four cases internally share the same code and logic, they just apply different bits
       of it to different subsets of the problem.

GENERAL NOTES ON ADDRESS MODE CASES ABOVE

       Note that any time multi-selection is in effect at a layer (the top layer when multi is
       true, or within a group when when multi is false), the minimum count of chosen items will
       be the count of items that share the maximum weight within the set.  e.g. a set of items
       with weights "30, 30, 30, 20, 20" will always choose at least 3/5 items (because the first
       three have 100% odds of inclusion), and the total response set will range as high as all 5
       items with some probability.

       A practical use-case example for grouped-single:

       Splitting groups on subnet boundaries in grouped-single mode gives the result that a
       single response packet never mixes subnets.  This would enable your DNS-based balancing to
       defeat certain forms of client-level Destination Address Selection interference, while
       still returning multiple addresses per response (all from one subnet).

       A practical use-case for grouped-multi:

       Suppose you have a large set of addresses which can be logically grouped into subsets that
       have some shared failure risk (e.g. subpartitions of a datacenter which share
       infrastructure).  With grouped-multi behavior, clients will get up to N (count of groups)
       addresses in a round-robin response, but a given response set will never contain two
       addresses from the same group/subset.  This maximizes the chance that the client can
       successfully fail over to another address in the list when its primary selection fails,
       since the total set in each response does not share any per-subset failure mode.

LIMITS

       All weights must be positive integer values greater than zero and less than 2^20
       (1048576).

       There is a limit of 64 addresses, address-groups, or cnames at the top level of a resource
       (or per address family in the addrs_v4/addrs_v6 cases), and a limit of 64 addresses within
       each address group in the grouped modes.

SEE ALSO

       gdnsd.config(5), gdnsd.zonefile(5), gdnsd(8)

       The gdnsd manual.

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

       Copyright (c) 2014 Anton Tolchanov <me@knyar.net>, Brandon L Black <blblack@gmail.com>,
       and Jay Reitz <jreitz@gmail.com>

       This file is part of gdnsd.

       gdnsd-plugin-weighted is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
       terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
       either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

       gdnsd-plugin-weighted is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
       WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
       PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.

       You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with gdnsd-plugin-
       weighted.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.