Provided by: plc-utils-extra_0.0.6+git20230504.1ba7d5a0-1_amd64 
NAME
amprule - Stream Classification Utility
SYNOPSIS
amprule [options] action operand condition [condition] [condition] control volatility
[device] [device] [...]
where condition is a field operator value sequence.
DESCRIPTION
Format and send stream classification rules to one or more devices. Rules specify an
action to be taken when a frame satisfies selection criteria. Selection criteria consists
of one, two or three conditions where any or all conditions must be satisfied. Each
condition consists of a field type, a relational operator and a value. Rules may be added
to a device, or removed from a device, so that they have permanent or temporary effect.
Classification rules are cumulative. If a new rule set is identical to an old rule set
then an error will occur unless it contains a different Transmission Action. In that case
the old rule will be replaced. Identical classification rule sets are permitted if one of
the sets is associated with a VLAN tag action. Classification is based on the original
frame before is is altered by VLAN Tag insertion or removal.
Classification is multi-dimensional and the terminology used here may seem strange at
first. Refer to the Qualcomm Atheros Firmware Techncial Reference Manual description of
the VS_CLASSIFICATION management message for a full explanation.
This program is part of the Qualcomm Atheros Powerline Toolkit. See the plc man page for
an overview and installation instructions.
OPTIONS
-e Redirects stderr messages to stdout. By convention status and error messages are
printed on stderr while primary program output is printed on stdout. This option
prints all output on stdout in cases where this is desired.
-i interface
Select the host Ethernet interface. All requests are sent via this host interface
and only reponses received via this host interface are recognized. The default
interface is eth1 because most people use eth0 as their principle network
connection; however, if environment string "PLC" is defined then it takes
precedence over the default interface. This option then takes precedence over
either default.
-q Suppresses status messages on stderr.
-r Read rules from a device and display them on stdout.
-s Print a list of program keywords on stdout. This option over-rides all others,
except -? and -!, and the program will terminate without further action.
-t milliseconds
Read timeout in milliseconds. Values range from 0 through UINT_MAX. This is the
maximum time allowed for a response. The default is shown in brackets on the
program menu. -T tag The VLAN tag to be inserted into frames before they are
transmitted. The tag is a 32-bit hexadecimal integer with optional "0x" prefix.
This option is required for action TagTX and must be omitted for all other actions.
-v Print additional information on stdout. In particular, this option dumps incoming
and outgoing packets which can be saved as text files for reference.
-V version
The CSPEC version number expressed as a small decimal integer. This option is
required (and should be 2) for action TagTX and must be omitted for all other
actions.
-?,--help
Print program help summary on stdout. This option takes precedence over other
options on the command line.
-!,--version
Print program version information on stdout. This option takes precedence over
other options on the command line. Use this option when sending screen dumps to
Atheros Technical Support so that they know exactly which version of the Linux
Toolkit you are using.
ARGUMENTS
action The action to be taken for frames that meet any (or all) selection criteria. Valid
actions are listed and described under ACTIONS.
operand
The operand specifies the logical relationship between conditions before the action
to be taken. Valid operands are listed and described under OPERANDS.
condition
A conditional expression consisting of a field, operator and value. See CONDITIONS
for more information.
control
The control specifies the action to be taken by the device upon receipt of the
rule. The basic actions are to add it to, or remove it from, the list of existing
rules. Valid controls are listed and described under CONTROLS.
volatility
The volatility specifies the effective lifetime of the rule. Temoprary rules are
stored in SDRAM and are lost then the device is reset. Permanent rules are stored
in NVRAM and are restored after the device is reset. Valid volatilities are listed
and described under VOLATILITY.
device The MAC address of some powerline device. More than one address may be specified
on the command line. If more than one address is specified then operations are
performed on each device in turn. The default address is "local". See DEVICES for
more information.
ACTIONS
Actions indcate the disposition of frames that match selection criteria. They are
expressed as discrete alphanumeric strings entered in upper, lower or mixed character
case. They are position sensitive. Failure to enter a known action will results in an
error message that lists permitted actions.
CAP0,CAP1,CAP2,CAP3
Assign a specific Channel Access Priority to frames.
Drop,DropTX
Do not forward frames over powerline.
DropRX Do not forward frames to host.
Boost Boost frame priority to CAP3 for MMEs only. At least one condition must be "MME".
StripTX
Remove the VLAN Tag from frames before transmission over powerline. This option
checks for a VLAN Tag even when there are no VLAN related conditions.
StripRX
Remove the VLAN Tag from frames before forwarding to host. This option checks for
a VLAN Tag even when there are no VLAN related conditions.
TagTX Insert a given VLAN Tag into frames before transmission over powerline. This
action requires option -T to specify the tag and option -V to specify the CSPEC
version.
OPERANDS
The operand indicates the logical relationship that must exist between conditions in the
rule set before the action is applied to a frame. Operands are expressed as discrete
alphanumeric strings entered in upper, lower or mixed character case. Failure to enter a
known operand will result in an error message that lists permitted operands. They are
positon sensitive. One operand is allowed and it must appear after the action and before
any condition.
Any Apply the action to frames that satisfy any of the conditions. This is equivalent
to the logical or operation.
All Apply the action to frames that satisfy all of the conditions. This is equivalent
to the logical and operation.
Always Apply the action to all frames. All conditions are ignored.
CONDITIONS
A condition consists of a field, an operator and a value. One condition is required but
three are permitted. Condition order is not important but all conditions must appear
after the operand and before the control.
field The field is the part of the Ethernet frame to be examined. Some fields are not
valid for some actions but this program does not enforce such rules since
validation is performed by runtime firmware on each device. Recognized fields are
listed and described under FIELDS.
operator
The operator specifies the relationsip that must exist between the field and value
in order for the condition to evaluate True. Currently, only equality operators
are supported. Valid operators are listed and described under OPERATORS.
value The value must be appropriate to the field type. Some fields are MAC or IP
addresses, some are integers, some are bitmaps and others are states. Integers and
bitmaps may be expressed in binary, decimal or hexadecimal format. Binary values
staRt with 0b. Hexadecimal values start with 0x. States are expressed using
keywords. Users are responsible for knowing how many bits are significant for each
type of value. Valid values are described along with fields under FIELDS.
FIELDS
Fields indicate the portion of the frame that is inspected during selection and the size
and format of the value permited in the condition statement. They are expressed as
discrete alphanumeric strings entered in upper, lower or mixed character case. Failure to
enter a known field will result in an error message that lists permitted fields.
ET A 16-bit Ethertype expressed in hexadecimal with optional "0x" prefix. The format
is described in IEEE Standard 802-2001 [4].
EthDA A 48-bit Ethernet destination address expressed in hexadecimal. Octets may be
separated with optional colons for clarity. The format is described in IEEE
Standard 802-2001 [4].
EthSA A 48-bit Ethernet source address expressed in hexadecimal. Octets may be separated
with optional colons for clarity. The format is described in IEEE Standard
802-2001 [4].
IPSP A 16-bit IP source port expressed as a decimal integer. This condition applies to
either TCP or UDP packets, depending on the protocol used, and is valid only for
actions "CAP0", "CAP1", "CAP2", "CAP3" and "Drop".
IPDP A 16-bit IP destination port expressed as a decimal integer. This condition
applies to either TCP or UDP packets, depending on the protocol used, and is valid
only for actions "CAP0", "CAP1", "CAP2", "CAP3" and "Drop".
IPV4TOS
An 8-bit Type-of-Service code where the format is defined in the RFC 791 (Internet
Protocol) [14].
IPV4PROT
An 8-bit Ethernet protocol code. The format is defined in the RFC 791 (Internet
Protocol) [14].
IPV4SA A 32-bit Internet Protocol source address expressed in dotted-decimal notation.
The official format is defined in RFC 791 (Internet Protocol) [14]. Our
implementation permits empty octets and leading zeros within fields. For example,
"..." is equivalent to "0.0.0.0 and "127..000.001" is equivalent to "127.0.0.1".
IPV4DA A 32-bit Internet Protocol destination address expressed in dotted-decimal
notation. The official format is defined in RFC 791 (internet Protocol) [14]. Our
implementation permits empty octets and leading zeros within fields. For example,
"..." is equivalent to "0.0.0.0 and "127..000.001" is equivalent to "127.0.0.1".
IPV6TC An 8-bit Internet Protocol V6 traffic class expressed as defined in RFC 2460
(Internet Protocol Version 6) [17].
IPV6FL A 24-bit IPV6 flow label where the lower 20 bits are the IPv6 Flow Label defined in
RFC 2460 (Internat Protocol Version 6) [17]. The upper 4 bits should be zero. The
value can be entered either as a decimal, binary or hex integer.
IPV6SA A 128-bit IPV6 source address expressed as colon-separated hexadecmial quartets
(octet pairs). The official format is defined in RFC 2460 (Internet Protocol
Version 6) [17]. Our implementation permits multiple empty fields, abreviated
fields and leading zeros within fields. When multiple empty fields appear, the
right-most occurance expands to multiple zeros. For example, "AAAA::BBBB::CCCC" is
equivalent to "AAAA:0000:BBBB:0000:0000:0000:0000:CCCC".
IPV6DA A 128-bit IPV6 destination address expressed as colon-separated hexadecimal
quartets (octet pairs). The official format is defined in RFC 2460 (Internet
Protocol Version 6) [17]. Our implementation permits multiple empty fields,
abbreviated fields and leading zeros within fields. When multiple empty fields
appear, the right-most occurance expands to zeros. For example, ":1::2" is
equivalent to "0000:0001:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0002".
MME A 24-bit Atheros HomePlugAV Management Message type expressed as a hex byte stream.
For clarity, the recommeded format it "xx:xxxx". The first byte is the MMV. The
next two bytes are the MMTYPE. Both are defined in the HomePlug AV Specification.
The MMTYPE will match all MME variants, such as Request, Confirm, Indicate and
Response because the lower two bits are ignored. This field is only valid for
action "Boost".
TCPAck The string "True" or "False" to indicate that the frame is (or is not) a TCP
Acknowledgement. Double negatives are allowed so "Is True" is equvalent to "Not
False" and "Is False" is equivalent to "Not True".
TCPSP A 16-bit TCP source port as a decimal integer. The format is defined in RFC 793
(Transmission Control Protocol [15]).
TCPDP A 16-bit TCP destination port expressed as a decimal integer. The format is
defined in RFC 793 (Transmission Control Protocol [15]).
UDPSP A 16-bit UDP source port expressed as a decimal integer. The format is defined in
RFC 768 (User Datagram Protocol [13]).
UDPDP A 16-bit UDP destination port expressed as a decimal integer. The format is
defined in RFC 768 (User Datagram Protocol [13]).
VLANID A 16-bit VLAN identifier where the lower 12 bits are the VLAN Identifier (VID)
defined in IEEE Std 802.1Q-1998 (Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks) [11]. The
upper 4 bits should be zero.
VLANUP An 8-bit Ethernet VLAN tag where the lower 3 bits are the User Priority sub-field
of a VLAN Tag defined in IEEE Std 802.1Q-1998 (Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks)
[11]. The upper 5 bits should be zero.
VLANTag
The string "Present" or "Missing" to indicate the presence (or absence) of one or
more VLAN Tags within a frame. This classifier is essentially equivalent to "ET Is
0x8100". Double negatives are allowed so "Is Present" is equivalent to "Not
Missing" and "Is Missing" is equivalent to "Not Present".
OPERATORS
An operator indicates an equality between a field and a value. An operator is an
alphanumeric string entered in upper, lower or mixed character case. Failure to enter a
known operator will result in an error message that lists permitted operators. Operators
are position sensitive and must appear between each field and value.
Is Indicates that the frame field must equal the associated value for the condition to
evaluate true.
Not Indicates that the frame field must not equal the associated value for the
condition to evaluate true.
STATES
A state is a special case of value.
True,On,Yes,Present
Indicates a positive state or presence of some entity. All are equivalent and can
be used interchangeably. Double negatives are permitted so "Is True" is equvalent
to "Not False".
False,Off,No,Missing
Indicates a negative state or absence of some entity. All are equivalent and can
be used interchangeably. Double negatives are permitted so "Is False" is equvalent
to "Not True".
CONTROLS
The control determines how the devices will handle the rule after it is validated. It is
expressed as a discrete alphanumeric string entered in upper, lower or mixed character
case. Failure to enter a known control will result in an error message that lists
permitted controls. The control is position sensitive and must occur after condition and
before volatility.
Add Adds the rule to the current list of rules unless a violation occurs. In some
cases, a rule may replace an existing rule instead of being added.
Rem,Remove
Remove the rule from the current list of rules unless a violation occurs.
VOLATILITY
The volatility determines which device rule set will be affected by the action. It is
expressed as a discrete alphanumeric string entered in upper, lower or mixed character
case. Failure to enter a known volatility will result in an error message that lists
permitted volatilities. The volatility is position sensitive and must occur after
control.
Temp The temporary rule set will be modified. The temporary rule set resides in the
working PIB stored in SDRAM.
Perm The permanent rule set will be modified. The permanent rule set resides in the
user PIB stored in NVRAM.
DEVICES
Powerline devices use Ethernet Media Access Control (MAC) addresses. A MAC address is a
48-bit value entered as 12 hexadecimal digits in upper, lower or mixed character case.
Octets may be separated with colons for clarity. For example, "00b052000001",
"00:b0:52:00:00:01" and "00b052:000001" are valid and equivalent.
The following MAC addresses are special and may be entered by name instead of number.
all Same as "broadcast".
broadcast
A synonym for the Ethernet broadcast address, FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF. All devices,
whether local, remote or foreign recognize messages sent to this address. A remote
device is any device at the far end of a powerline connection. A foreign device is
any device not manufactured by Atheros.
local A synonym for the Qualcomm Atheros vendor specific Local Management Address (LMA),
00:B0:52:00:00:01. All local Atheros devices recognize this address but remote and
foreign devices do not. A remote device is any device at the far end of a
powerline connection. A foreign device is any device not manufactured by Atheros.
REFERENCES
See the Qualcomm Atheros HomePlug AV Firmware Technical Reference Manual for more
information.
DISCLAIMER
Atheros HomePlug AV Vendor Specific Management Message structure and content is
proprietary to Qualcomm Atheros, Ocala FL USA. Consequently, public information is not
available. Qualcomm Atheros reserves the right to modify message structure or content in
future firmware releases without any obligation to notify or compensate users of this
program.
EXAMPLES
This command adds a temporary classification rule to the classification table on device
B00:B0:52:BA:BE:01. The rule instructs the device to drop frames that match either (any)
of two conditions. The first condition states that the IPv4 source address is
192.168.99.2. The second conditon states that the IPv4 destination address is
192.168.99.100.
# amprule drop any IPv4SA is 192.168.99.2 IPv4DA is 192.168.99.100 add temp
00:B0:52:BA:BE:01
Observe that the action, operand and conditions come first then the control and volatility
then the affected devices. Up to three conditions may be specified. Keyword order is
important. Character case is not important.
The following example prints a list of programmed keywords on stdout for reference. The
example shown here has been abbreviate due to formatting limitations.
# amprule -t
Controls are 'Add'|'Rem'|'Remove'
Volatilities are 'Temp'|'Perm'
Actions are 'CAP0'|'CAP1'|'CAP2'|'CAP3'|'Boost'|...|'StripTX'|'StripRX'|'TagRX'
Operands are 'All'|'Any'|'Always'
Fields are 'EthDA'|'EthSA'|'VLANUP'|'VLANID'|'IPv4TOS'|...|'TCPAck'|'VLANTag'
Operators are 'Is'|'Not'
More example follow:
Ethernet Address Rules
Ethernet address rules have the following general format:
| CAP0 | ANY | EthSA | IS | xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx | ADD | TEMP | xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
| CAP1 | ALL | EthDA | NOT | | REMOVE | PERM |
| CAP2 |
| CAP3 |
| DROP |
For example, instruct device 00:B0:52:BA:BE:FF to temporarily add a rule to forward frames
from 00:2B:FE:CA:FE:BA at CAP3. Observe Ethernet hardware addresses are used both in the
condition and for the affected powerline devices.
# amprule cap3 any ethsa is 00:2b:fe:ca:fe:ba add temp 00:b0;52:ba:be:ff
IP Address Rules
IP address rules have the following general format:
| CAP0 | ANY | IPv4SA | IS | ddd.ddd.ddd.ddd | ADD | TEMP | xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
| CAP1 | ALL | IPv4DA | NOT | | REMOVE | PERM |
| CAP2 |
| CAP3 |
| DROP |
For example, instruct device 00:B0:52:BA:BE:FF to permanently remove the rule that drops
packets from 192.168.99.1. Notice that the IP address is specified in dotted decimal
format but the device address is specified in hexadecimal octet format. Dotted decimal
format permits empty and variable length octets but octet delimiters are mandatory.
Hexadecimal octet format requires fixed length octets but octet delimiters are optional.
# amprule drop any ipv4sa is 192.168.99.1 remove perm 00:b0:52:ba:be:ff
IP Protocol Rules
IP protocol rules have the following general format:
| CAP0 | ANY | IPv4PROT | IS | xxxx | ADD | TEMP | xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
| CAP1 | ALL | | NOT | | REMOVE | PERM |
| CAP2 |
| CAP3 |
| DROP |
For example, to instruct device 00:B0:52:BA:BE:FF to permanently add a rule to forward
non-IP packets at CAP2. In this example, delmiters have been omitted from the device
Ethernet address.
# amprule CAP2 all ipv4prot not 0x0800 add perm 00b052babeff
SEE ALSO
plc(1), amprate(1), ampstat(1), amptone(7)
CREDITS
Charles Maier