NAME

       grind - process WordNet lexicographer files

SYNOPSIS

       grind  [  -v  ]  [  -s  ]  [  -Llogfile  ]  [  -a ] [ -d ] [ -i ] [ -o ] [ -n ] filename [
       filename... ]

DESCRIPTION

       grind() processes WordNet lexicographer files, producing database files suitable  for  use
       with  the  WordNet  search  and  interface code and other applications.  The syntactic and
       structural integrity of the input files is verified.  Warnings and errors are reported via
       stderr  and  a  run-time log is produced on stdout.  A database is generated only if there
       are no errors.

   Input Files
       Input files correspond to the syntactic categories implemented in WordNet  -  noun,  verb,
       adjective  and  adverb.   Each input lexicographer file consists of a list of synonym sets
       (synsets) for one part of speech.  Although the basic synset syntax is the same for all of
       the  parts  of speech, some parts of the syntax only apply to a particular part of speech.
       See wninput(5WN) for a description of the input file format.

       Each filename specified is of the form:

              pathname/pos.suffix

       where pathname is optional and pos is either noun, verb, adj or adv.  suffix may  be  used
       to  separate  groups  of  synsets  into  different  files,  for  example  noun.animal  and
       noun.plant.  One or more input files, in any combination of syntactic categories,  may  be
       specified.   See  lexnames(5WN)  for  a  list of the lexicographer files used to build the
       complete WordNet database.

   Output Files
       grind() produces the following output files:

                         ┌────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────┐
                         │ Filename   │              Description               │
                         ├────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────┤
                         │index.pos   │ Index file for each syntactic category │
                         │data.pos    │ Data file for each syntactic category  │
                         │index.sense │ Sense index                            │
                         └────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────┘
       See wndb(5WN) for a description of the database file formats.

       Each time grind() is run, any existing database files are overwritten  with  the  database
       files  generated  from  the  specified  input  files.   If no input files from a syntactic
       category are specified, the corresponding database files are not overwritten.

   Sense Numbers
       Senses are generally ordered from most to least frequently  used,  with  the  most  common
       sense numbered 1.  Frequency of use is determined by the number of times a sense is tagged
       in the various semantic concordance texts.  Senses that are not semantically tagged follow
       the  ordered  senses  in  an arbitrary order.  Note that this ordering is only an estimate
       based on usage in a small corpus.

       The tagsense_cnt field for each entry in the index.pos files indicates  how  many  of  the
       senses in the list have been tagged.

       The cntlist file provided with the database lists the number of times each sense is tagged
       in the semantic concordances.  grind() uses the data from cntlist to order the  senses  of
       each word.  When the index.pos files are generated, the synset_offsets are output in sense
       number order, with sense 1 first in the list.  Senses with the  same  number  of  semantic
       tags  are  assigned  unique  but  consecutive  sense numbers.  The WordNet OVERVIEW search
       displays all senses of the specified word, in  all  syntactic  categories,  and  indicates
       which of the senses are represented in the semantically tagged texts.

OPTIONS

       -v             Verify integrity of input without generating database.

       -s             Suppress  generation  of  warning messages.  Usually grind is run with this
                      option until all syntactic and structural errors are  corrected  since  the
                      warning messages may make it difficult to spot error messages.

       -Llogfile      Write all messages to logfile instead of stderr.

       -a             Generate statistical report on input files processed.

       -d             Generate  distribution  of  senses  by  string length report on input files
                      processed.

       -i             Generate sense index file.

       -o             Order senses using cntlist.

       -n             Generate nominalization (derivational morphology) links in database.

       filename       Input file of the form described in Input Files.

FILES

       pos.*               lexicographer files to use to build database

       cntlist             file of combined semantic concordance cntlist files.  Used  to  assign
                           sense numbers in WordNet database

SEE ALSO

       cntlist(5WN),   lexnames(5WN),   senseidx(5WN),   wndb(5WN),  wninput(5WN),  uniqbeg(7WN),
       wngloss(7WN).

DIAGNOSTICS

       Exit status is normally 0.  Exit status is -1 if non-specific error occurs.  If  syntactic
       or structural errors exist, exit status is number of errors detected.

       usage: grind [-v] [-s] [-Llogfile] [-a ] [-d] [-i] [-o] [-n] filename [filename...]
              Invalid options were specified on the command line.

       No input files processed.
              None of the filenames specified were of the appropriate form.

       n syntactic errors found.
              Syntax errors were found while parsing the input files.

       n structural errors found.
              Pointer errors were found that could not be automatically corrected.

BUGS

       Please report bugs to wordnet@princeton.edu.