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NAME
hal_parport - Realtime HAL component to communicate with one or more pc parallel ports.
SYNOPSIS
loadrt hal_parport cfg="port_addr [type] [[port_addr [type] ...]"
DESCRIPTION
The hal_parport component is a realtime component that provides connections from HAL via
halpins to the physical pins of one or more parallel ports. It provides a read and write
function to send and receive data to the attached parallel port(s).
The hal_parport component supports up to 8 physical parallel ports.
OPTIONS
cfg="port_addr [type] [[port_addr [type] ...]"
The cfg string tells hal_parport the address(es) of the parallel port(s) and
whether the port(s) is/are used as an input or output port(s). Up to eight
parallel ports are supported by the component.
The port_addr parameter of the configuration string may be either the physical base
address of a parallel port or specified as the detected parallel port via Linux
parport_pc driver. In which case, a port_addr of 0 is the first parallel port
detected on the system, 1 is the next, and so on.
The type parameter of the configuration string determines how the I/O bits of the
port are used. There are four possible options and if none is specified will
default to out.
in - Sets the 8 bits of the data port to input. In this mode the parallel port has
a total of 13 input pins and 4 output pins.
out - Sets the 8 bits of the data port to output. In this mode the parallel port
has a total of 5 input pins and 12 output pins.
epp - This option is the same as setting to out, but can cause the computer to
change the electrical characteristics of the port, see USAGE below.
x - The option allows ports with open collectorts on the control group pins to be
configured as inputs resulting in 8 output pins and 9 input pins, see USAGE below.
PINS
The pins created by the hal_parport component depends on how it is configured in the
cfg="" string passed to it, see OPTIONS.
parport.<p>.pin-<n>-out (bit) Drives a physical output pin.
parport.<p>.pin-<n>-in (bit) Tracks a physical input pin.
parport.<p>.pin-<n>-in-not (bit) Tracks a physical input pin, but inverted.
For each pin created, <p> is the port number, and <n> is the physical pin number in
the 25 pin D-shell connector.
For each physical output pin, the driver creates a single HAL pin, for example:
parport.0.pin-14-out.
For each physical input pin, the driver creates two HAL pins, for example:
parport.0.pin-12-in and parport.0.pin-12-in-not.
The -in HAL pin is TRUE if the physical pin is high, and FALSE if the physical pin
is low. The -in-not HAL pin is inverted and is FALSE if the physical pin is high.
The following lists the input and output pins by the type setting used in the
cfg="" string.
in: Pins 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,15 are input pins and pins 1,14,16 and 17 are
output pins.
out/epp: Pins 10,11,12,13 and 15 are input pins and pins 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,14,16
and 17 are output pins.
x: Pins 1,10,11,12,13,14,15,16 and 17 are input pins and pins 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 are
output pins. (See USAGE section.)
PARAMETERS
parport.<p>.pin-<n>-out-invert (bit)
Inverts an output pin.
parport.<p>.pin-<n>-out-reset (bit)
(only for out pins) TRUE if this pin should be reset when the .reset function is
executed.
parport.<p>.reset-time' (U32)
The time (in nanoseconds) between a pin is set by write and reset by the reset
function if it is enabled.
FUNCTIONS
parport.<p>.read(funct)
Reads physical input pins of port <portnum> and updates HAL -in and -in-not pins.
parport.read-all (funct)
Reads physical input pins of all ports and updates HAL -in and -in-not pins.
parport.<p>.write (funct)
Reads HAL -out pins of port <p> and updates that port's physical output pins.
parport.write-all (funct)
Reads HAL -out pins of all ports and updates all physical output pins.
parport.<p>.reset (funct)
Waits until reset-time has elapsed since the associated write, then resets pins to
values indicated by -out-reset and -out-invert settings. Reset must be later in
the same thread as write. 'If '-out-reset is TRUE, then the reset function will set
the pin to the value of -out-invert. This can be used in conjunction with
stepgen's doublefreq to produce one step per period. The stepgen stepspace for
that pin must be set to 0 to enable doublefreq.
USAGE
The hal_parport component is a driver for the traditional PC parallel port. The port has
a total of 25 physical pins of which 17 are used for signals. The original parallel port
divided those pins into three groups: data, control, and status. The data group consists
of 8 output pins, the control group consists of 4 output pins, and the status group
consists of 5 input pins.
In the early 1990's, the bidirectional parallel port was introduced, which allows the data
group to be used for output or input. The HAL driver supports the bidirectional port, and
allows the user to set the data group as either input or output. If configured as out, a
port provides a total of 12 outputs and 5 inputs. If configured as in, it provides 4
outputs and 13 inputs.
In some parallel ports, the control group pins are open collectors, which may also be
driven low by an external gate. On a board with open collector control pins, if
configured as x, it provides 8 outputs, and 9 inputs.
In some parallel ports, the control group has push-pull drivers and cannot be used as an
input.
Note: HAL and Open Collectors
HAL cannot automatically determine if the x mode bidirectional pins are actually
open collectors (OC). If they are not, they cannot be used as inputs, and
attempting to drive them LOW from an external source can damage the hardware.
To determine whether your port has open collector pins, load hal_parport in x mode.
With no device attached, HAL should read the pin as TRUE. Next, insert a 470 ohm
resistor from one of the control pins to GND. If the resulting voltage on the
control pin is close to 0V, and HAL now reads the pin as FALSE, then you have an OC
port. If the resulting voltage is far from 0V, or HAL does not read the pin as
FALSE, then your port cannot be used in x mode.
The external hardware that drives the control pins should also use open collector
gates (e.g., 74LS05).
On some computers, BIOS settings may affect whether x mode can be used. SPP mode is
most likely to work.
No other combinations are supported, and a port cannot be changed from input to output
once the driver is installed.
The parport driver can control up to 8 ports (defined by MAX_PORTS in hal_parport.c). The
ports are numbered starting at zero.
Loading the hal_parport component
The hal_parport driver is a real time component so it must be loaded into the real
time thread with loadrt. The configuration string describes the parallel ports to
be used, and (optionally) their types. If the configuration string does not
describe at least one port, it is an error.
loadrt hal_parport cfg="port [type] [port [type] ...]"
Specifying the Port
Numbers below 16 refer to parallel ports detected by the system. This is the
simplest way to configure the hal_parport driver, and cooperates with the Linux
parport_pc driver if it is loaded. A port of 0 is the first parallel port detected
on the system, 1 is the next, and so on.
Basic configuration
This will use the first parallel port Linux detects:
loadrt hal_parport cfg="0"
Using the Port Address
Instead, the port address may be specified using the hex notation 0x then the
address.
loadrt hal_parport cfg="0x378"
Specifying a port Type
For each parallel port handled by the hal_parport driver, a type can optionally be
specified. The type is one of in, out, epp, or x.
If the type is not specified, the default is out.
A type of epp is the same as out, but the hal_parport driver requests that the port
switch into EPP mode. The hal_parport driver does not use the EPP bus protocol,
but on some systems EPP mode changes the electrical characteristics of the port in
a way that may make some marginal hardware work better. The Gecko G540's charge
pump is known to require this on some parallel ports.
See the Note above about mode x.
Example with two parallel ports
This will enable two system-detected parallel ports, the first in output mode and
the second in input mode:
loadrt hal_parport cfg="0 out 1 in"
Functions single port
You must also direct LinuxCNC to run the read and write functions.
addf parport.read-all base-thread
addf parport.write-all base-thread
Functions multiple ports
You can direct LinuxCNC to run the read and write functions for all the attached
ports.
addf parport.0.read base-thread
addf parport.0.write base-thread
The individual functions are provided for situations where one port needs to be
updated in a very fast thread, but other ports can be updated in a slower thread to
save CPU time. It is probably not a good idea to use both an -all function and an
individual function at the same time.
SEE ALSO
Parallel Port Driver (Hardware Drivers Section of LinuxCNC Docs),
PCIParallelPortExample(HardwareExamplesSectionofLinuxCNCDocs)
AUTHOR
This man page written by Joe Hildreth as part of the LinuxCNC project. Most of this
information was taken from the parallel-port docs located in the Hardware Drivers section
of the documentation. To the best of my knowledge that documentation was written by
Sebastian Kuzminsky and Chris Radek.